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Also known as the '''Malabar Rebellion''' or '''Mapilla Rebellion'''
<br />{{War|name=Moplah Uprising |dates=1921-22 |image=  |location=[[Malabar]] |result=<br> Uprising quelled|medal=<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_General_Service_Medal_(1909) India General Service Medal (1909)]<br>Clasp:Malabar 1921-22 |combatant1=[[British Army]] |combatant2=Moplahs
|category=[[:Category:Moplah Uprising|Moplah Uprising]] |link1=}}
== Summary ==
== Summary ==
{{War|name=Moplah Uprising |dates=1921-22 |image=  |location=[[Malabar]] |result=<br> Uprising quelled|medal=<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_General_Service_Medal_(1909) India General Service Medal (1909)]<br>Clasp:Malabar 1921-22 |combatant1=[[British Army]] |combatant2=Afghan regular forces
The Moplahs ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mappila Mappilas]) are a Muslim community in [[Malabar]] which traditionally worked land held under tenancy from Hindu landlords. When Tipu Sultan took control of Malabar at the end of the 18th century the Hindu landlords were dispossessed and a new system of land revenue was introduced. However following the [[4th Mysore War]] British rule restored the landlords with absolute property rights which allowed the Moplahs to be evicted. The injustice arising from this led to civil unrest beginning in 1836. So-called Moplah Outrages continued in the next decades. By 1920 the matter had become an ideological and religious cause with the Moplahs calling for an Islamic state. They organised the Khilafat Conference and gained the support of the Indian National Congress. In 1921 there were serious outbreaks of violence and Hindus were murdered. In August demonstrators prevented the arrest of one of the Moplah leaders and this was followed by the siege of Tirurangadi police station when police fired on the crowd. A general uprising followed during which government offices were attacked and the British were unable to control the violence. Martial law was declared and the British army called in. In November 67 Moplahs suffocated in a railway wagon whilst being transported to prison. The rebellion was effectively suppressed by the end of 1921. By February 1922 the leaders had been caught and executed.
|category=[[:Category:3rd Afghan War|3rd Afghan War]] |link1=}}
 
Hoping to regain control of foreign policy ceded to the British at the Treaty of Gandamak 1879 and to divert attention from internal strife, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanullah_Khan Amir Amanullah Khan] invaded India on 3 May 1919. Military action took place mostly in the Khyber Pass but Kabul was bombed by the Royal Air Force and the Afghans attacked Thal. The Afghan forces were driven from British Indian territory and the Treaty of Rawalpindi on 8 August ended the British subsidy to Afghanistan which regained the right to conduct its own foreign affairs. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durand_Line The Durand Line] defining the border between Afghanistan and the North West Frontier was re-affirmed.
== Government forces ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burnett-Stuart General Sir John Burnett-Stuart] commanding the Madras Military District
*2nd Btn [[39th Regiment of Foot|Dorsetshire Regiment]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Special_Police Malabar Special Police]
*3rd Btn [[Burma Rifles|70th Burma Rifles]]
*2nd Btn [[44th Gurkha Rifles|8th Gurkhas]]
* A company of sappers
*Half the [[Mule Corps|20th Draught Mule Corps]]
 
== External Links ==
== External Links ==
*[http://www.military-times.co.uk/articles/map-of-the-third-afghan-war.htm Map of the Third Afghan War] Military Times
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Rebellion Malabar Rebellion] Wikipedia<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War Third Anglo-Afghan War] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_tragedy Wagon Tragedy] Wikipedia<br />
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C&pg=PA247&dq=Landi+Kotal+1919&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=Landi%20Kotal%201919&f=false Third Anglo-Afghan War] Google Books
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_2r8cLTkmA8C&pg=PA23&dq=Malabar+Special+Police&hl=en&ei=pDHFTtesNIbC8QOSqrGkCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Malabar%20Special%20Police&f=false Moplah Rebellion and the Malabar Special Police] Google Books<br />
*[http://www.king-emperor.com/2-153-Punjabis.htm 2/153rd Punjabis in the 3rd Afghan War] www.king-emperor.com
*[http://www.keepmilitarymuseum.org/malabar.php?=1=3 Dorset Regiment in Malabar] Keep Military Museum<br />
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/index.php?id=706 Asymmetry in Afghanistan - the poison gas option] The Serving Soldier website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508055942/http://www.bcmh.org.uk/archive/conferences/2012MalabarLloyd.pdf "The Indian Army and the Malabar Rebellion, 1921-22"] by Dr Nick Lloyd  BCMH [British Commission for Military History] Summer Conference 2012 – Indian Armies, now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.newstatesman.com/200607170060 The Third Afghan War] Taken from the ''New Statesman'' archive, 16 August 1919.
===Historical books online===
*[http://warandgame.com/2008/02/04/colonial-control-on-a-shoestring-the-raf-experience/ Colonial Control On A Shoestring — The RAF Experience] by Maj Michael J. Petersen includes a section "The Third Afghan War and the Northwest Frontier, 1919-1920" Warandgame.com
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023929700#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Mapilla Rebellion 1921-1922''] Printed by the Superintendent Government Press Madras 1922 Archive.org
 
*[https://archive.org/details/a-short-history-of-muslim-rule-in-india/Moplah%20Rebellion%2C%201921/mode/2up ''The Moplah Rebellion, 1921''] by Diwan Bahadur C Gopalan Nair, Retired Deputy Collector, Calicut, Malabar 1923. Archive.org. Part of a digital file  of 35 sections [https://archive.org/details/a-short-history-of-muslim-rule-in-india  “Indian History - Collection of Indian History- Collection 7”] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121/2015.275121.Imperial-Policing#page/n93/mode/2up Chapter 5, "The Moplah Rebellion 1921"], page 83 ''Imperial Policing''  by Major-General Sir Charles W Gwynn 1939 Archive.org,  Public Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/armyquarterlyv7-1923/page/259/mode/2up "The Moplah Rebellion, 1921-1922"] by Lieut.-Colonel A C B Mackinnon, Commanding 2/9th Gurkha Rifles in Malabar page 260 ''The Army Quarterly Volume 7, 1923 October- 1924 January'' Archive.org


[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|Afghan War, 3rd]]
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|Moplah Uprising]]
[[Category:3rd Afghan War| 3rd Afghan War]]
[[Category:Minor Campaigns|Moplah Uprising]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Moplah Uprising| Moplah Uprising]]

Latest revision as of 05:25, 2 December 2023

Also known as the Malabar Rebellion or Mapilla Rebellion

Moplah Uprising
1921-22
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: Malabar
Combatants:
British Army Moplahs
Result:
Uprising quelled
Medals:
India General Service Medal (1909)
Clasp:Malabar 1921-22
Links:
Category: Moplah Uprising

Summary

The Moplahs (Mappilas) are a Muslim community in Malabar which traditionally worked land held under tenancy from Hindu landlords. When Tipu Sultan took control of Malabar at the end of the 18th century the Hindu landlords were dispossessed and a new system of land revenue was introduced. However following the 4th Mysore War British rule restored the landlords with absolute property rights which allowed the Moplahs to be evicted. The injustice arising from this led to civil unrest beginning in 1836. So-called Moplah Outrages continued in the next decades. By 1920 the matter had become an ideological and religious cause with the Moplahs calling for an Islamic state. They organised the Khilafat Conference and gained the support of the Indian National Congress. In 1921 there were serious outbreaks of violence and Hindus were murdered. In August demonstrators prevented the arrest of one of the Moplah leaders and this was followed by the siege of Tirurangadi police station when police fired on the crowd. A general uprising followed during which government offices were attacked and the British were unable to control the violence. Martial law was declared and the British army called in. In November 67 Moplahs suffocated in a railway wagon whilst being transported to prison. The rebellion was effectively suppressed by the end of 1921. By February 1922 the leaders had been caught and executed.

Government forces

General Sir John Burnett-Stuart commanding the Madras Military District

External Links

Historical books online

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