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The [[Pamban Branch Railway]] was a metre  gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) single line completed in 1914 by the [[South Indian Railway]] Company(SIR).
<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamban_Bridge Wikipedia "Pamban_Bridge"]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>
The line linked the SIR network in India at [[Madura]] with the Island of [[Pambam]], from where there was a ferry connection to [[Ceylon]].


Prior to the construction of this line, traffic between India and Ceylon was carried via Tuticorin and Colombo, a route which line, which has necessitated a 12-hours' sea journey.
==Background==
A railway to  link [[Dhaneshkodi]] in India to [[Talaimannar]] in [[Ceylon]], a distance of 22 miles(35km), was a constant challenge to railway engineers. The route would follow the chain of limestone shoals known as '''Adam's Bridge''' between [[Pamban]] Island (also known as Rameswaram Island), off the Indian south-eastern coast,  and Mannar Island, off the north-western coast of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Geological evidence suggests that this bridge is a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%27s_Bridge Wikipedia "Adam's Bridge"]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>
The route was first considered in 1876 but no definite was taken until 1894 with a proposal from the Ceylon Government, followed a year later by a survey by the Indian Government. These proposals were rejected as the outlay was greater than the anticipated traffic would justify and the idea of bridging the sea was abandoned <ref> Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951", pages 63-64 </ref>.
The route, described as the '''Madura-Pamban Railway''' in some records, was surveyed by [[Ernest Ifill Shadbolt]] between the years of 1888 and 1893. (see 'Personnel' below)
==History==
*1902, the branch of the SIR from [[Madura]] to [[Pambam]] Island was completed as far as [[Mandapam]], a village on the coast on the mainland side of the narrow strait which divides the island from the shore, a distance of 90 miles (145km) <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_405.gif "Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1906" page 399]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>
*1908. After much consultion it was decided to build a viaduct from mainland India at Dhaneshkodi to [[Talaimannar]] with a "Scherzer Rolling Lifting Bridge" over the Pamban Pass shipping passage. It involved:- 
* a short 6km extension of the line from [[Mandapam]]
* the construction of the '''[[Pamban Viaduct]]''' across the submerged reef lying between [[Dhaneshkodi]] on the mainland of India and Talaimannar on the Island of [[Pamban]], this included the
* (Rameswaram)
<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/imotp.1915.16223 Institution of Civil Engineers "Minutes of the Proceedings" Volume 199, Issue 1915, 01 January 1915 , pages 377 –387]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>.
==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]](IOR) records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2  “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue”  - Search];  Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*'''L/F/8/16/1095'''  “South Indian Railway Company Limited, Contract as to the construction and working of the Pamban Branch and the Travancore Branch; 1901"
==Personnel==
No Staff Lists have been found.
The “Indian Biographical Dictionary” gives [[Ernest Ifill Shadbolt]], [[Public Works Department]], Executive Engineer from 1888 to 1893 as 'Engineer-in-Chief of the  Madura-Pamban Railway Survey  ''also Bezwada-Madras and Tinnevelly-Quilon Railway Surveys'' ' <ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary.djvu/430 “Indian Biographical Dictionary” 1915 page 390]; Retrieved on 27 May 2016</ref>
== References ==
<references />
==Further Information==
See '''[[South Indian Railway]]'''
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Latest revision as of 17:57, 30 December 2020

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