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The '''Thal Ghat Railway Incline''' section through the Western Ghats was a major challenge to extended  the north-eastern mainline of the  [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]](GIPR)  towards [[Jubblupore]], the section finally opened in 1865.


The GIPR mainline from [[Callian]] (later named [[Kalyan]]) to [[Kasara]] had been opened in 1854, it covers a length of 42 miles(68 km) and rises to an altitude of 948 feet(289 m) above sea level at [[Kasara]].
The next section from [[Kasara]] to [[Igatpuri]] is 9.5 miles(15 km) across Thal Ghat and within that distance the line rises from 948 feet(289 m) to 1,918 feet(585 m),  the gradient in the section being 1:37 <ref>[http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r019.html Mike's Rail History "Hill Lines of India - Construction and Operation of Some Steeply Graded Routes"]; Retrieved 1 Jul 2016</ref> The line negotiates this steep incline with the help of curves. This section required the construction of the [[Ehagaon Viaduct]] together with tunnels.
The objective was to take the GIPR mainline to [[Jubblupore]] to link to the [[East Indian Railway]] thus connecting [[Bombay]] to [[Calcutta]]. This was acheived in 1870 with the inaugeration of the [[Alfred Viaduct]]
'''Spelling'''
*'''Thal Ghat''' is the spelling used in “The Imperial Gazetteer of India”<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V03_431.gif  “The Imperial Gazetteer of India,1909” ]; Retrieved on 14  Apr 2016</ref>, 1909 which we use as the definitive spelling. It is also used as the primary spelling in Wikipedia<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasara_ghat  Wikipedia “Kasara Ghat ” ]; Retrieved on  14  Apr 2016</ref> along with the modern name Kasara Ghat as the mountain incline or slope near the town of Kasara in Maharashtra.
*'''Thull Ghat''' is the name used in the [[India Office Records]]  1853-56 documents, “Grace’s Guide” and in books of the time of construction.
*'''Thul Ghat''' is used in one IOR record and occasionally in other references.
==History==
*1853-56, a series of surveys and propsals were put forward, see 'Records' below.
*1856, sanction was given 
<ref>[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Great_Indian_Peninsula_Railway Graces Guide "Great Indian Peninsula Railway - 1865"]; Retrieved 1 Jul 2016</ref>
==Realighnment==
The 1916 report states<ref>[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18185/GIPE-015962.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y “Administration Report on the Railways in India 1916” page 19]; Retrieved 14 Apr 2016</ref>
“The Thal Ghat realigned section was brought into use on the 2nd January 1917” by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR)  “The new alignment is two miles long and is on a grade of 1 in 37, the ruling gradient on the Ghat. It shortens the distance by about 1.5 miles; but its chief value lies in eliminating the reversing station previously in use which was a great handicap to the expeditious handling of traffic. Under old conditions, trains had to be worked in sections and much time was lost in breaking up and remaking trains, further delay being caused at the reversing stations by the reversing of engines. Trains of a length of 850 feet are already in use on the realigned section and it is expected that trains of 1,500 feet and 1,800 feet long will be running shortly. The new alignment has a single tunnel in place of three on the old line.
==Upgrading==
Even the elimination of the reversing station was insufficient to enable this slow-speed section of line to cope successfully with the heavy traffic it had to carry while steam traction was used, and in 1930 the Thal Ghat section was converted to electric operation.<ref name=name/>
==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) records held at the [[British Library]] relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2  “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue”  - Search];  Retrieved  3 Apr 2016</ref>
gives several entries, the most relevant as follows: -
Thull Ghat
*Z/E/4/24/T256; “Thull Ghat, question respecting construction of railway from Bombay to Kandeish through; 1853-54
*Z/E/4/27/S549; “Stephenson, Robert, Opinion on railway over Thull Ghat; 1856
*Z/E/4/27/T218; “Thull Ghat, proposed line from Bombay to Jubbulpore viâ, sanctioned”; 1856
Thul Ghat, 
*Z/E/4/25/S935 “Surveys, Thul Ghat, Bombay Government referred to Court's despatch regarding”; 1854-55
==Further Information==
See '''[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]'''
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Railway Constructions]]
[[Category:Railways]]

Latest revision as of 17:57, 30 December 2020

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