Quetta earthquake: Difference between revisions
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The''' [[Quetta]]''' earthquake happened on 31 May 1935 and measured 7.7 on the Richter scale. An estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people died. | The''' [[Quetta]]''' earthquake happened on 31 May 1935 and measured 7.7 on the Richter scale. An estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people died. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 15: | ||
==Quetta Bond== | ==Quetta Bond== | ||
Quetta Bond is a technique developed after the Quetta earthquake, used in brick and other masonry buildings, where vertical reinforcement is used to improve horizontal and vertical bond between walls (see image)<ref>[http://nidm.gov.in/easindia2012/PDF/Pres/Ses1/Pres1.pdf "Earthquake Risk Profile Risk Reduction & Technical Capacity in the EAS Member Countries"] by Sudhir K Jain. nidm.gov.in. Scroll down</ref>. | Quetta Bond is a technique developed after the Quetta earthquake, used in brick and other masonry buildings, where vertical reinforcement is used to improve horizontal and vertical bond between walls (see image)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115224855/http://nidm.gov.in/easindia2012/PDF/Pres/Ses1/Pres1.pdf "Earthquake Risk Profile Risk Reduction & Technical Capacity in the EAS Member Countries"] by Sudhir K Jain. nidm.gov.in, now an archived webpage. Scroll down</ref>. "The Quetta Bond is simply a slight variant of [the brick laying technique] 1½ Flemish Bond where the voids are filled with concrete and steel reinforcement bars rather than brick. It was almost certainly invented (if that is the right word) by Royal Engineers. The RE was heavily involved in the aftermath of the Quetta earthquake".<ref>Guest, previously QGE. [https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/242967-quetta-bondrat-trap-bond-brick-buildings-help-please/?do=findComment&comment=2443131 Quetta Bond/Rat Trap Bond: brick buildings-Help please] ''Great War Forum'' 12 September 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2019.</ref> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
*[http://liveweb.archive.org/http://archives.dawn.com/2005/10/25/fea.htm 1935 Quetta Earthquake] Dawn<br> | *[http://liveweb.archive.org/http://archives.dawn.com/2005/10/25/fea.htm 1935 Quetta Earthquake] Dawn<br> | ||
*[http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/reg_in_india/india43_1. | *[http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/reg_in_india/india43_1.shtml 1st Queen's at Quetta - The Earthquake] queensroyalsurreys.org.uk | ||
*[http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/sept/quetta.htm Down Memory Lane: Disaster at Quetta—The Great Earthquake of 1935] by Capt (Retd) A A Jilani. Extracts from the ''Royal Corps of Signals Journal UK''. defencejournal.com | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090107093441/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/sept/quetta.htm Down Memory Lane: Disaster at Quetta—The Great Earthquake of 1935] by Capt (Retd) A A Jilani. Extracts from the ''Royal Corps of Signals Journal UK''. defencejournal.com, now an archived webpage. | ||
*[http:// | *[http://www.hibbitt.org.uk/ellen-gardner/quetta-earthquake-1935.html The Quetta Earthquake Of 1935: The R.A.F.'s Account] hibbitt.org.uk. Cyril Norman Ellen was the Squadron Leader of No. 5 (AC) Squadron, RAF which was based at Quetta when the disaster. His wife Ellen subsequently was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Silver Medal for her part in rescue operations. Includes a list of the casualties of No. 5 (AC) Squadron. With photographs. | ||
*Scroll down to an [http://www.4fathers.thestoreshed.com/Maddocks/FrankGertrude.htm Account of the Quetta Earthquake] by Mrs F Maddocks, whose husband Frank Maddocks was attached to the Indian Army Ordnance Corps. Originally appeared in the ''North Devon Journal'' under the title "Quetta, City Of Sorrow". The Journal date given appears incorrect-possibly it may be March 14th, 1936. | *Scroll down to an [https://web.archive.org/web/20151001203215/http://www.4fathers.thestoreshed.com/Maddocks/FrankGertrude.htm Account of the Quetta Earthquake] by Mrs F Maddocks, whose husband Frank Maddocks was attached to the Indian Army Ordnance Corps. Originally appeared in the ''North Devon Journal'' under the title "Quetta, City Of Sorrow". The Journal date given appears incorrect-possibly it may be March 14th, 1936. Now an archived webpage. | ||
*[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1785962?uid=3737536&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21103564282037 "The Quetta Earthquake"] by | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180214124235/http://www.qissa-khwani.com/2012/12/quetta-when-city-crumbled.html "Quetta: When a city crumbled"] qissa-khwani.com, now an archived webpage. | ||
*[ | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170427013816/http://balochistanarchives.gob.pk/exhibits/web_detailview/11#exibits Images: Quetta earthquake 1935] including a map of “Disposition Of Troops for Rescue Work” 31 May 1935. Balochistan Archives, now an archived webpage. Click on photographs to enlarge. | ||
*[https://www.bristolmuseums.org.uk/blog/come-fly-with-me-raf-india/ "Come fly with me: Early days of the RAF in India"] by Pat Ellingham March 22, 2019. bristolmuseums.org.uk. Information about the films made by Leonard de Ville Chisman late 1920s/1930s including on the North West Frontier. These films are now in the Bristol Archives British Empire and Commonwealth Film collection/ Chisman (ref. [https://becc.bristol.gov.uk/records/2006/005 2006/005]). Currently (2021/06) there are some digitised films viewable online, ref. [https://becc.bristol.gov.uk/records/2006/005/1 2006/005/1] but no digitised photographs, the latter seems to include “The sequence documenting Quetta both before and after the great earthquake of 1935 [which] are of particular interest.“ | |||
===Historical books online=== | |||
*[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1785962?uid=3737536&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21103564282037 "The Quetta Earthquake"] by C P Skrine ''The Geographical Journal Volume 88, No. 5, November 1936'', pages 414-428 may be read online for free by registering for a MyJSTOR account. For more details see [[Miscellaneous tips]]. Also available [https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_1936-11_88_5/page/414/mode/2up Archive.org] | |||
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=F4QRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA203 "Preliminary Geological Report on the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 31st, 1935". With Plates] by W D West, Assistant Superintendent, Geological Survey of India, page 203-241 ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'', Volume 69 1936. The Plates are some pages later in the book. Google Books. | |||
:[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=1onNQiIQ5hQC&pg=PA483 "A Seismological Study of the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 31,1935"] by K.R. Ramanathan and S.M. Mukherji. Pages 483-513 ''Records of the Geological Survey of India'', Vol. 73, Part 4, 1938, With Plates at the back of the book. Google Books. | |||
:The above two articles, in reverse order, are also available at [http://www.scribd.com/doc/38485101/Baluchistan-Quetta-EQ-May-31-1935 scribd.com]. | |||
*''Burea Of Public Information Quetta Earthquake 1935''. 1935. Title as catalogued. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206892 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India. | |||
: Probably the same publication [https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/35496 ''Quetta Earthquake, 1935''] Bureau of Public Information, Government of India, Delhi, 1935. Link to a pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.527935 ''Seven Cantonments''] by Major SEG Ponder c 1938. Archive.org. The author was an Officer in the Royal Artillery, with a R A Mountain Battery unit, based on the North-West Frontier, including [[Peshawar]], c 1930s. A section about Quetta commences [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.527935/2015.527935.Seven-cantonments#page/n159/mode/2up/ page 151]. | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/aclcpl0000021a316 ''Earthquake Reconstruction on Quetta (Railway ) Division 1936 – 40''] by R O C Thomson. 1940. Catalogued as "Reconstrucion". Archive.org, Anna Digital Library Collection, Government of Tamil Nadu. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Latest revision as of 05:55, 6 August 2022
The Quetta earthquake happened on 31 May 1935 and measured 7.7 on the Richter scale. An estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people died.
Gallery
-
Bungalow before earthquake -
Bungalow after earthquake -
Law Courts before earthquake -
Law Courts after earthquake -
Quetta Sandeman Hall before earthquake.jpg -
Quetta Sandeman Hall after earthquake.jpg -
File:Mildred.jpg -
File:Quetta Earthquake Graves 1935.jpg/
Quetta Bond
Quetta Bond is a technique developed after the Quetta earthquake, used in brick and other masonry buildings, where vertical reinforcement is used to improve horizontal and vertical bond between walls (see image)[1]. "The Quetta Bond is simply a slight variant of [the brick laying technique] 1½ Flemish Bond where the voids are filled with concrete and steel reinforcement bars rather than brick. It was almost certainly invented (if that is the right word) by Royal Engineers. The RE was heavily involved in the aftermath of the Quetta earthquake".[2]
External links
- 1935 Quetta Earthquake Dawn
- 1st Queen's at Quetta - The Earthquake queensroyalsurreys.org.uk
- Down Memory Lane: Disaster at Quetta—The Great Earthquake of 1935 by Capt (Retd) A A Jilani. Extracts from the Royal Corps of Signals Journal UK. defencejournal.com, now an archived webpage.
- The Quetta Earthquake Of 1935: The R.A.F.'s Account hibbitt.org.uk. Cyril Norman Ellen was the Squadron Leader of No. 5 (AC) Squadron, RAF which was based at Quetta when the disaster. His wife Ellen subsequently was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Silver Medal for her part in rescue operations. Includes a list of the casualties of No. 5 (AC) Squadron. With photographs.
- Scroll down to an Account of the Quetta Earthquake by Mrs F Maddocks, whose husband Frank Maddocks was attached to the Indian Army Ordnance Corps. Originally appeared in the North Devon Journal under the title "Quetta, City Of Sorrow". The Journal date given appears incorrect-possibly it may be March 14th, 1936. Now an archived webpage.
- "Quetta: When a city crumbled" qissa-khwani.com, now an archived webpage.
- Images: Quetta earthquake 1935 including a map of “Disposition Of Troops for Rescue Work” 31 May 1935. Balochistan Archives, now an archived webpage. Click on photographs to enlarge.
- "Come fly with me: Early days of the RAF in India" by Pat Ellingham March 22, 2019. bristolmuseums.org.uk. Information about the films made by Leonard de Ville Chisman late 1920s/1930s including on the North West Frontier. These films are now in the Bristol Archives British Empire and Commonwealth Film collection/ Chisman (ref. 2006/005). Currently (2021/06) there are some digitised films viewable online, ref. 2006/005/1 but no digitised photographs, the latter seems to include “The sequence documenting Quetta both before and after the great earthquake of 1935 [which] are of particular interest.“
Historical books online
- "The Quetta Earthquake" by C P Skrine The Geographical Journal Volume 88, No. 5, November 1936, pages 414-428 may be read online for free by registering for a MyJSTOR account. For more details see Miscellaneous tips. Also available Archive.org
- "Preliminary Geological Report on the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 31st, 1935". With Plates by W D West, Assistant Superintendent, Geological Survey of India, page 203-241 Records of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 69 1936. The Plates are some pages later in the book. Google Books.
- "A Seismological Study of the Baluchistan (Quetta) Earthquake of May 31,1935" by K.R. Ramanathan and S.M. Mukherji. Pages 483-513 Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. 73, Part 4, 1938, With Plates at the back of the book. Google Books.
- The above two articles, in reverse order, are also available at scribd.com.
- Burea Of Public Information Quetta Earthquake 1935. 1935. Title as catalogued. Archive.org mirror version, originally from Digital Library of India.
- Probably the same publication Quetta Earthquake, 1935 Bureau of Public Information, Government of India, Delhi, 1935. Link to a pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India
- Seven Cantonments by Major SEG Ponder c 1938. Archive.org. The author was an Officer in the Royal Artillery, with a R A Mountain Battery unit, based on the North-West Frontier, including Peshawar, c 1930s. A section about Quetta commences page 151.
- Earthquake Reconstruction on Quetta (Railway ) Division 1936 – 40 by R O C Thomson. 1940. Catalogued as "Reconstrucion". Archive.org, Anna Digital Library Collection, Government of Tamil Nadu.
References
- ↑ "Earthquake Risk Profile Risk Reduction & Technical Capacity in the EAS Member Countries" by Sudhir K Jain. nidm.gov.in, now an archived webpage. Scroll down
- ↑ Guest, previously QGE. Quetta Bond/Rat Trap Bond: brick buildings-Help please Great War Forum 12 September 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2019.