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'''Rajputana Territory Railways'''
[[File:Rajputana Territory Railways.png|thumb|'''Rajputana Territory Railways''']]


==Background==
'''[[Rajputana]]''' was a territory which includes eighteen Native States and two chiefships, together with the small British Province of [[Ajmer-Merwara Districts|Ajmer-Merwara]] <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_089.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India’, v. 21, p. 83.]; Retrieved 27  Mar 2020</ref>. It included mainly the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan, together with some adjoining areas.
<br>The ‘Imperial Gazetteer 1908 <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_140.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 134. ]; Retrieved 27  Mar 2020</ref> gives the following account:-
*”The  total length of railways in Rajputana, including the [[Ajmer-Merwara Districts|Ajmer-Merwara District]] has increased from 652 miles in 1881, 943 in 1891, 1359 in 1901 to 1,576 miles in 1906.”
*”The oldest and most important line, the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) [[Rajputana-Malwa State Railway]](RMSR),  belongs to Government, and has a total length in [[Rajputana]] of about 720 miles(1160km). Starting from [[Ahmadabad]], it enters the territory near Abu Road in the south-west and runs north-east to [[Bandikui]], whence one branch goes to [[Agra]] and another to [[Delhi]]. It also has branches from [[Ajmer]] south to [[Nimach]] and from [[Phalera]] north-east to [[Rewari]], with the exception of the chord last mentioned, the line was opened between 1874 and 1881; it has been worked by the Government by [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway|‘Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Company’]] (BB&CIR) since 1885.“
*”The only other Government line in the territory is the Indian Midland section of the ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway ]]’(GIPR) the which runs for 19 miles between [[Agra]] and [[Gwalior]], it is broad gauge and opened for traffic in 1878.”
*”The ‘[[Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway]]’(JBR) ‘[[Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway| ''see also separate page'']], the property of these two  Darbars is worked by special staff employed by them. Its length in Rajputana is 700 miles, 455 belonging to Jodhpur and 245 miles to Bikaner and 124 additional miles in British territory. The line starts from Marwar junction on the RMSR and runs north-west for 44 miles to Luni junction, where there are two branches, one west to Hyderabad, (here it meets the ‘[[North Western Railway]]’ (NWR) and the other north easterly past Jodhpur, Merta Road, Bikaner to Bhatinda. From Merta Road another branch runs east joining the RMSR at [[Kuchawan|Kuchawan Road]]. The JBR was constructed between 1881 and 1902.
*”The ‘[[Udaipur-Chitor Railway]]’ ‘[[Udaipur-Chitor Railway|''see also separate page'']] connecting these towns, 67 miles in length, the property of the Mewar (Udaipur) Darbar, constructed 1895-99”, a metre gauge line worked by BB&CiIR. At Chitor there was a connection to the RMSR.
*”The ‘[[Bina-Goona-Baran Railway|Bina-Goona-Baran Railway|''see also separate page'']] in the south-east of the territory, the last 29 miles of this broad gauge line,is owned by the Kotah Darbar and  worked by the ‘[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]’(GIPR) “.
*”The ‘[[Jaipur State Railway]]’  ‘[[Jaipur State Railway|''see also separate page'']] was under construction(1908) by the Jaipur Darbar between [[Jaipur]] and [[Sawai Madhopur]], a distance of 73 miles.”
==Early Surveys and Construction==
===[[Rajputana State Railway|Rajputana State Railway(RSR) ''<small>see also main RSR page</small>'']]===
The '[[Rajputana State Railway]]’(RSR), the first Imperial State Railway, was formed in 1869 by the combining the proposed  ‘[[Rajputana - Agra District Railway]]’ and the ‘[[Rajputana - Delhi District Railway]]’ and was placed under the control of the Government of the [[North-West Provinces]]. It was divided into two districts; the Agra District from [[Agra]] to [[Ajmer]] and the Delhi District from [[Delhi]] to a point of junction of the two districts (chosen later at [[Bandikui]]) [[Rajputana State Railway|''see separate RSR page for more details'']]
The final surveys for the line from [[Rewari]] to [[Bandikui] was determined and sanctioned by the Government of India in 1871 and work was started by the ‘Rajputana State Railway’ as a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) railway with the revised Estimate submitted in July 1871 to conform with the [[Rail_gauge#Gauge_Question|Government Rail Gauge Policy of Jan 1871 ''see separate Gauge page for more details'']].
At the same time the Government in [[Bombay]] put out to tender for a metre gauge railway from [[Agra]] to [[Ajmer]] and in October that year [[Glover & Co|Messer’s. Glover and Co]] were awarded the contract to build the railway. Earthwork started near [[Agra]] and [[Sambhar_Lake_Salt_Branch_Line|Sambhar]]<ref>British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Annual Report of progress of working the Agra District, Rajputana State Railway 1871-72</ref>
The RSR was divided into two districts. The one, known as the ‘[[Rajputana - Agra District Railway|‘Agra District’]], comprises the line which runs from [[Agra]] through [[Bharatpur |Bhurtpore(Bharatpur)]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Ajmer|Ajmere(Ajmer)]] to [[Nasirabad]]. The other, known as the ‘[[Rajputana - Delhi District Railway|‘Delhi District’]], runs from [[Delhi]] through [[Rewari]] and [[Ulwar]] to [[Bandikui]], where it forms a junction with the ‘Agra District’ at a point 94¾ mile from [[Agra]]. The two Districts were constructed under different Engineers-in-Chief. The construction of the Agra District was let to contractors, Messrs. Glover & Co. and while the Delhi District was constructed under Departmental management .The two were combined on 7th December 1874 <ref> IOR/V/24/3587 Annual Report of progress of working the Agra District, Rajputana State Railway 1871-72</ref>
Failure of the rails supplied from Belgium had held up the progress on the [[Agra]] to [[Ajmer]] line in 1872 and the first 33 miles opened for goods traffic from [[Agra]] to [[Bharatpur]] in Aug 1873 <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Rajputana State Railway Agra District Report 1872-73</ref>. But due to heavy rains shortly afterwards the Bangunga River over flowed its banks and the Bharatpur Station was cut off <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Rajputana State Railway Agra District Report 1873-74</ref>. The completion of the line from [[Ajmer]] to [[Nusseerabad]] was held up awaiting the decision of the Government <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Rajputana State Railway Agra District Report 1872-736</ref>. The heavy rains of Aug 1873 showed that it was necessary to supply extra drainage and embankments raised. By Sept 1874, 17 miles of the line from [[Rewari]] to [[Bandikui]] had been laid.  <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Enclosure to Despatch No. 199 Railway September 1874</ref>. The lines from [[Agra]] were fully opened in sections to [[Bharatpur]] Mar 1874; [[Daosa]] Apr 1874; [[Jaipur]] Oct 1874 and [[Sambhar_Lake_Salt_Branch_Line |Sambhar]] Mar 1875. From [[Delhi]] to [[Rewari]] Mar 1874;. [[Rewari]] to [[Alwar]] Sept 1874 and finally to [[Bandikui|Bandikui  Junction]] Dec 1874.
===[[Western Rajputana State Railway|Western Rajputana State Railway(WRSR) ''<small>see also main WRSR page</small>'']]===
make redirect Behaotee Quarry Railway
In April 1875, the Engineer in Chief, [[Western Rajputana State Railway]], Survey Dept, reported the second year of surveys were finished in March 1875, working drawings for construction had been made but alternative routes to the 1873 line were being searched for through the Sendra Pass of the Arawali Range. As a consequence, the Marwar Chord Line ([[Ajmer]] to [[Ahmadabad]]) had been modified and another crossing point of the Sookree River chosen. The Indian Government also asked for a search for an easy access through the Arawali Range to Oodeypore State. This was not found. <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3588 Western Rajputana State Railway. (Survey) 1875</ref>
By 1878 there was concern as to the viability of the railway and ways of cutting costs and increasing the amount of traffic. There was a large change in Management partly due to end of contracts partly due to illness. A Station was being built at [[Agra|Agra Fort]]  as an interface with the broad-gauge railway. A temporary ‘Behaotee Quarry Railway’ line was built to the quarries at Behaotee 4 miles in length and was completed in November 1878 <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3590 Rajputana State Railway Administration Report 1878-79</ref>
In the West the Llne from [[Ahmedabad]] to [[Rewari]] was under construction and from 1 Jan 1879 consisted of three Divisions Sendra, Godwar and Marwar, with a total length of 148 miles. The portion between [[Beawur]]  /[[Nayanagar]] and [[Raipur]] opened on 11 Aug 1879 <ref> British Library IOR/V/24/3587 IOR/V/24/3590 Western Rajputana State Railway Northern Section Report 1878-79</ref>
===[[Neemuch Nasirabad State Railway|Neemuch Nasirabad State Railway ''<small>see also main page</small>'']]===
The Superintending Engineer reported in Nov 1872 that the survey lines between [[Neemuch]] and [[Nasirabad]] also a branch line was surveyed between Futtehabad and Oojein. “The general line of the cart road from Neemuch as far as Rutlam, whence it diverges to Burnucrour, and, passing Futtehabad, with branch from that place to Oojein, joins the Holkar State Railway at Indore; the length of this line is 168 miles, including a branch of 13 miles” and “passes near the towns of Nimbhera, Chittor, Humeergurh, Bheelwarra, and Bhunderwarra.” <ref>British Library IOR/V/24/3587 Annual Report of the Neemuch State Railway 1871-72.</ref>
===[[Rewari-Phalera Chord Railway | Rewari-Phalera Chord Railway  ''<small>see also main WRSR page</small>'']]===
make new page
The ‘Rewari- Phalera Chord ‘ was a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) ‘[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]’(BB&CIR) chord line between the MG [[Rajputana-Malwa State Railway]](RMSR)  at [Rewari]] and [[Phalera]], 133 miles,  that opened in 1904-05. From
line that linked at [[Kuchaman|Kuchaman Road]] to the ‘[[Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway]]’ (JBR), which thus providing  the direct link between [[Delhi]] and [[Karachi]].  “They were both metre gauge but no ‘running agreement’ has been found between BB&CIR and JBR. So it would appear there was a necessity to change at Kuchman.> The chord railway being the linking railway between the systems at Kuchaman Road or Phutera to Rewari to form a direct link between Karachi and Delhi.”
It was first surveyed in 1897 when a party under Mr J Burn started work. His instructions were to survey a link between [[Kuchaman|Kuchaman Road]] and [[Rewari]] passing through [[Sawai Madhopur]]. The Resident requested the help of the Nazims in supplying goods and especially when passing through Jodhpur Territory, which was the majority of the route. Unfortunately, the Hakim of [[Sawai Madhopur|Madhapur]] was not so inclined and caused trouble for the survey pulling out survey posts and putting claims for damaged crops and causing an affray. The survey was finally completed.
<br>The line had the approval of the Indian Government but before It was built a famine struck in 1899 and the groundwork for the line was requested as a famine relief project. The work started from Rewari Junction through the Khawati Country towards [[Kuchaman|Kuchaman Road]]. Three possible routes had been surveyed 2 routes were possible between Phalera and [[Sawai Madhopur]]. The third line was the straightest and lay completely in Jaipur Territory, but it left on the side the trading town Kishengash and also Bhaislana. Line B would serve both these places and is thought to be the best route although it passes through a 3-mile part of Darbar of Marwar Territory.
In 1899 the line became known as the ‘Rewari- Phalera Chord‘  when the Jaipur and Jodhpur Darbars agreed to build the line. The Marwar Darbar in Jaipur agreed the session of the 3-4-mile section to the railway company and to pay of the cost of building the railway in their territory.
<br>A proposal was made by the Marwar Darbar to link the [[Jodhpur Binkanar Railway]](JBR) system in Jaipur to the ‘Rewari- Phalera Chord’. This caused a disagreement until a full proposal was put forward:- “I enclose a tracing which will clearly show the idea the Darbar has in view. The proposed link from Barawar would probably run on shown on one or other of the dotted lines or somewhere between the two. It is hoped the Jaipur Darbar will now be able to say in equally distinct terms if they at acquiesce the proposal’ Unfortunately at the time the Jaipur Darbar replied “Under the above circumstances the Jaipur Darbar are not disposed to agree with this proposal” <ref>British Library IOR/V/24/3588 Western Rajputana State Railway. (Survey) 1875</ref>.
<br>When the construction of the ‘Rewari- Phalera Chord’ started in 1900 a survey of the earthworks was made and a payment of the cost of Rs 6898 was paid for the famine work. A total of 9,820 cu feet of earthwork had been done under the scheme. The full construction completed in 1901 134.25 miles long and was to form part of the [[Rajputana-Marwar Railway]] System. The railway passes through British Territory for 16 miles, Alwar 1.1 miles, Nabha territory 10.05 miles, Patiala 14.25 Miles, and Jodhpur 3.25 miles and finally Jaipur 90.10 miles; giving a  total of 134.25 Miles at a cost of over Rs 6,000,000.  Through the foreign territories the construction crew, in the light of previous experiences, were protected buy Treasure Guards supplied by the local Darbars. Jodhpur was the last territory to cede jurisdiction over the land occupied by the railway in 1905. This allowed the railway to open, but owning land in a Foreign country left the Indian Government with a problem it solved this by making the railway an administrative District in its own right with all that entailed. <ref>British Library IOR/V/24/3588 Western Rajputana State Railway. (Survey) 1875 </ref>
===[[Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway|Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway  ''<small>see also main page</small>'']]===
The ‘[[Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway]]’(JBR) was constructed between 1881 and 1902 connected to the ‘[[Rajputana-Malwa State Railway]]’(RMSR) at [[Marwar]] and at [[Kuchawan|Kuchawan Road]] .
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Surveys]]

Latest revision as of 17:57, 30 December 2020

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