Prisoners of the Turks (First World War): Difference between revisions

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Officers who were captured were generally treated better than “other ranks”, who almost always experienced terrible conditions, often leading to death.
Officers who were captured were generally treated better than “other ranks”, who almost always experienced terrible conditions, often leading to death.  
 
Of approximately 2,962 white British officers and other ranks captured at Kut, 1,782 would go on to die in Ottoman captivity. Indian prisoners along with their white comrades, experienced a horrific death march from Kut-al-Amara to the northern railhead at Ras-el-Ain (in modern day Syria).<ref> Prisoners of War by Heather Jones.  encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Section 6: Mistreatment contains information about prisoners in Turkey. See [[Prisoners of the Turks (First World War)#External links|External links, above]].</ref>


==Spelling variants==
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==Additional information==
==Additional information==
===External links===
===External links===
*[http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1916/oct/12/british-prisoners-of-war British Prisoners Of War] House of Commons 12 October 1916. Lists the location of where British prisoners are detained in Turley. hansard.millbanksystems.com
*Imperial War Museums  [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1030007535 Catalogue entry: Private Papers of Colonel W C Spackman]: Ts memoir (331pp) covering his service as Regimental Medical Officer to the 48th Pioneers, 6th Indian Division in Mesopotamia, 1914 - 1915, at Kut during the siege, December 1915 - April 1916, and as a prisoner of war in Anatolia, 1916 – 1918. An edited version has been published.
*[https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=8DF1E713C2B47BF5!568&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AEkNEeEoAkHHztY Finding Aid:  Foreign Office Files (FO 383) at the National Archives: Regarding Military & Civilian Prisoners of War: List of Files and Contents: 1915-1919]. Compiled September 2014 by seaforths.<ref> seaforths [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=218552&hl= "Foreign Office Files on POWs (FO 383)"] ''Great War Forum'' 30 September 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015.</ref>  Contains a FIND (Search) function.  onedrive.live.com.  Contains references such as "FO 383/090 1915 Description: Turkey: Prisoners, including…"
*[https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=8DF1E713C2B47BF5!568&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AEkNEeEoAkHHztY Finding Aid:  Foreign Office Files (FO 383) at the National Archives: Regarding Military & Civilian Prisoners of War: List of Files and Contents: 1915-1919]. Compiled September 2014 by seaforths.<ref> seaforths [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=218552&hl= "Foreign Office Files on POWs (FO 383)"] ''Great War Forum'' 30 September 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015.</ref>  Contains a FIND (Search) function.  onedrive.live.com.  Contains references such as "FO 383/090 1915 Description: Turkey: Prisoners, including…"
*[http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/prisoners_of_war_ottoman_empiremiddle_east "Prisoners of War (Ottoman Empire/Middle East)"] by Yücel Yanıkdağ . Scroll down to the  section "Entente Prisoners of War in the Ottoman Empire" encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. The mortality rate of the British and Dominion prisoners in Ottoman captivity was very high.
*[http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/prisoners_of_war_ottoman_empiremiddle_east "Prisoners of War (Ottoman Empire/Middle East)"] by Yücel Yanıkdağ . Scroll down to the  section "Entente Prisoners of War in the Ottoman Empire" encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. The mortality rate of the British and Dominion prisoners in Ottoman captivity was very high.
*[http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/prisoners_of_war Prisoners of War] by Heather Jones.  encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Section 6: Mistreatment contains information about prisoners in Turkey.
*[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=MIC19180510.2.2 "Scene From "Inferno." Prisoners In Turkey. British Soldiers Ill-Treated"]  ''Mount Ida Chronicle'', [New Zealand] Volume XLV, 10 May 1918, Page 1 paperspast.natlib.govt.nz
*[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/index.html'' Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled Opportunity': The American YMCA and Prisoner of War Diplomacy among the Central Power Nations during World War I 1914-1923''] by Kenneth Steuer, written as a dissertation in 2008.  Website of  Gutenberg-e, a program of the American Historical Association and Columbia University Press.
*[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/index.html'' Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled Opportunity': The American YMCA and Prisoner of War Diplomacy among the Central Power Nations during World War I 1914-1923''] by Kenneth Steuer, written as a dissertation in 2008.  Website of  Gutenberg-e, a program of the American Historical Association and Columbia University Press.
**[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/archive/AppendixA/turkey/index.html Turkish Prison Camps]. Click on the map for a list of the camps in Turkey.  
**[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/archive/AppendixA/turkey/index.html Turkish Prison Camps]. Click on the map for a list of the camps in Turkey.  
*[http://theconversation.com/the-forgotten-anzacs-honoured-guests-of-the-sultan-25884 "The forgotten Anzacs: ‘honoured guests’ of the Sultan"]  24 April 2014 theconversation.com. This article also mentions Indian POWs.
*[http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2012/D16835/a3901.htm Narrative of  John Wheat] c 1914-1918, who was a torpedoman on the Australian submarine A.E.2  which was sunk 30 April 1915 in the Sea of Marmora (Gallipoli), taken prisoner by the Germans, and subsequently became a prisoner of war in Turkey, working on the construction of the Baghdad Railway.  Transcribed by, and from the collection of the Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW. [http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=902088 Photographs and postcards from his album] Click on the tab “Online” to display 8 items.
*[http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2012/D16835/a3901.htm Narrative of  John Wheat] c 1914-1918, who was a torpedoman on the Australian submarine A.E.2  which was sunk 30 April 1915 in the Sea of Marmora (Gallipoli), taken prisoner by the Germans, and subsequently became a prisoner of war in Turkey, working on the construction of the Baghdad Railway.  Transcribed by, and from the collection of the Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW. [http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=902088 Photographs and postcards from his album] Click on the tab “Online” to display 8 items.
*[http://mhhv.org.au/?p=306 From the Sea of Marmara to the North Gate of Baghdad: The Story of Four HMAS AE2 Crew Members] The crew was taken into captivity by the Turks. mhhv.org.au
*[http://mhhv.org.au/?p=306 From the Sea of Marmara to the North Gate of Baghdad: The Story of Four HMAS AE2 Crew Members] Elsewhere,<ref>[http://twgpp.org/downloads/news/TWGPP_Newsletter_Autumn_2011.pdf The War Graves Photographic Project: Autumn 2011 Newsletter]</ref>  the author is stated to be Colonel Marcus Fielding, Australian Army. The crew was taken into captivity by the Turks. mhhv.org.au
*Sergeant Maurice George Delpratt, 5th Light Horse Regiment, A I F
*Sergeant Maurice George Delpratt, 5th Light Horse Regiment, A I F
**[http://helenhambling.com/pow-history/ The Delpratt war] helenhambling.com
**[http://helenhambling.com/pow-history/ The Delpratt war] helenhambling.com
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**[http://helenhambling.com/2013/07/24/afyonkarahisar-curiously-it-all-turns-out-well-in-the-end/ Afyonkarahisar… Curiously, it all turns out well in the end]  July 24, 2013. A Mevlevi (Dervish) Museum  has information relating to Afyon’s key role in WWI for both the Turkish military, and for Allied POWs. helenhambling.com
**[http://helenhambling.com/2013/07/24/afyonkarahisar-curiously-it-all-turns-out-well-in-the-end/ Afyonkarahisar… Curiously, it all turns out well in the end]  July 24, 2013. A Mevlevi (Dervish) Museum  has information relating to Afyon’s key role in WWI for both the Turkish military, and for Allied POWs. helenhambling.com
**[http://helenhambling.com/2013/07/31/a-goat-track-to-the-holy-grail/ A goat track to the Holy Grail…] July 31, 2013. A journey to Belemedik and Hacikir, in the Taurus Mountains, sites of the camps where  POWs worked  on the railway tunnels for the Berlin to Baghdad Railway. helenhambling.com
**[http://helenhambling.com/2013/07/31/a-goat-track-to-the-holy-grail/ A goat track to the Holy Grail…] July 31, 2013. A journey to Belemedik and Hacikir, in the Taurus Mountains, sites of the camps where  POWs worked  on the railway tunnels for the Berlin to Baghdad Railway. helenhambling.com
*[http://theconversation.com/the-forgotten-anzacs-honoured-guests-of-the-sultan-25884 "The forgotten Anzacs: ‘honoured guests’ of the Sultan"] 24 April 2014 theconversation.com. This article also mentions Indian POWs.
***[https://www.flickr.com/photos/50074978@N06/sets/72157626048039691/ Photographs: Prison of War camp WW1, Belemedik Turkey], Prisoners of War Camp along the Berlin-Baghdad Railway flickr.com
*[http://garriehutchinson.com/2013/01/12/a-man-named-troy/ A man named Troy] Private Martin John Troy 16th Battalion AIF. January 12, 2013 garriehutchinson.com. Mentions the conditions of the prisoners, some of whom were better off than others. The prisoners taken at Kut  seemed to suffer the most.
*[http://garriehutchinson.com/2013/01/09/bugler-frederick-ashton-11th-battalion-25-april-1915/  Bugler Frederick Ashton 11th Battalion] AIF. He was at the German  railway camp  at Belemedlk, and unsuccessfully tried to escape. garriehutchinson.com.


====Historical books online====
====Historical books online====

Revision as of 00:23, 7 March 2015

Officers who were captured were generally treated better than “other ranks”, who almost always experienced terrible conditions, often leading to death.

Of approximately 2,962 white British officers and other ranks captured at Kut, 1,782 would go on to die in Ottoman captivity. Indian prisoners along with their white comrades, experienced a horrific death march from Kut-al-Amara to the northern railhead at Ras-el-Ain (in modern day Syria).[1]

Spelling variants

Afyonkarahisar (modern name), Afyon Karahisar, Afyon Kara Hisar, Afyon, Afion-Kara-Hissar, Afion Karahissar, Afium-Kara-hissar, Afyon

Mesopotamia

For many accounts of members of the allied forces taken prisoner in Mesopotamia, especially after the fall of Kut, see Mesopotamia Campaign-External links and Historical books online

Additional information

External links

Historical books online

References

  1. Prisoners of War by Heather Jones. encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Section 6: Mistreatment contains information about prisoners in Turkey. See External links, above.
  2. seaforths "Foreign Office Files on POWs (FO 383)" Great War Forum 30 September 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  3. The War Graves Photographic Project: Autumn 2011 Newsletter