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'''Bolan Pass Railway Construction'''
==Background==
It was the year 1857 when the idea was suggested by William Andrew (Chairman of Scinde, Punjab and Delhi Railway) that the railways to the Bolan Pass would have strategic role in responding to any threat by Russia. During the second Afghan War (1878–80) between Britain and Afghanistan, a new urgency was needed to construct a Railway line up to [[Quetta]] in order to get easier access to the frontier. This was described as the '''[[Quetta Link Railway]]''' ''(see for more information)''


Orders for a feasibility survey for the '''Bolan Pass Railway''' were first issued by the British Government in 1876 <ref name=Mugal>[http://pakistaniat.com/2006/08/23/railways-through-bolan-pass/ "Railway line through the Bolan Pass By Owais Mughal" published by 'All Things Pakistan', 23 Aug 2006]; Retrieved  5 Dec 2016</ref>.
'''[[Sind-Pishin State Railway|Ruk-Sibi Railway]] '''.
On 18 September 1879, under the orders of Viceroy council, work begun on laying the railway tracks and after four months the first 134 miles (215 km) of line from [[ Ruk]] was completed and become operational in January 1880 reaching [[Sibi]] on 2 May 1880. This was constructed as a  broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line
<ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n117/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 108 (pdf117)]; Retrieved  1 Dec 2017 </ref> and  became the first part of the [[Sind-Pishin State Railway|Sind-Pishin State Railway – see separate page for more information]].
Work on the construction of railways through the Pass started in 1880 but was soon stopped after laying of 31km track due to the occurrence of the famous [[Battle of Maiwand]] in the area.
'''Upper Bolan Railway'''.
In April 1885 a 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) locomotive, rolling stock and  track were ordered from UK for  the [[Sind-Pishin State Railway]] (which merged to form NWR in 1886). It was intended to build a NG extension into the Bolan Pass. The ‘Upper Bolan Railway’ was never built and the equipment put into store in [[Karachi]] as soon as it was delivered. Over the next seven years the equipment was sold off  <ref name =SD13>“Industrial Railways and Locomotives of India and South Asia” compiled by Simon Darvill. Published by ‘The Industrial Railway Society’ 2013. ISBN 978 1 901556 82-7. Available at  http://irsshop.co.uk/India. Reference:  Entry  SD13  page ....</ref>.
[[File:Bolan Pass Railway Construction.jpg|thumb|Bolan Pass Railway Construction  - early 1880's using Elephants to transport the Decauville railway components]]
'''[[Decauville Portable Railway System]]'''.
Work restarted shortly after using by rapidly laying a rail track in the bed of the river Bolan and finally a steam locomotive rolled into [[Quetta]] in August of 1886. The 1885 account given in Practical Machinist <ref name=prac.mac>[http://www.andrewgrantham.co.uk/afghanistan/elephants-carrying-locomotives-through-the-bolan-pass/  "Elephants carrying locomotives through the Bolan Pass" – ‘Scientific American’, 15 August 1885; Posted 28 March 2010]; Retrieved 5 Dec 2016</ref> states ‘This railroad is of the Decauville system, formed in sections of small steel rails, which can be put down or taken up very quickly.... the locomotive made in two parts, the larger of which weighed on 3,978 pounds, the greatest weight that an elephant can carry”<ref name=prac.mac/>.
[[Francis Langford O'Callaghan]], posted from the [[State Railways]], was ‘Engineer in Chief’ for a number of demanding railway projects, surveys and constructions on India's north-west frontier .. including.. the Bolan line through the Bolan Pass to Quetta, 1885-86" <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/bdoceigbai.58347.457 Institution of Civil Engineers "Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland - O'Callaghan, Francis Langford "]; Retrieved on 13 Jul 2016</ref>.
In 1889 a torrential flood destroyed the track which was first laid on the Bolan River bed. A new track was laid at a higher altitude but that also got washed away.
'''[[Mushkaf-Bolan Railway]]'''.
In 1890 orders were issued for laying an all season track through the Pass. This new track was inaugurated on April 15, 1897 and named the 'Mushkaf-Bolan Railway'. The railway was incorporated into the [[North Western Railway]](NWR) network.
The present day railway track through the Bolan Pass is the third attempt of laying railways through the pass and is still operational. At some places along the track one can see the abandoned tunnels and the rail bed of two earlier attempts of laying railways here <ref name=Mugal/>.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railway Constructions]]
[[Category:State Railways]]

Revision as of 14:54, 1 December 2017

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