HEIC Early Voyages
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| HEIC Early Voyages | |
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| See our interactive map of 1st HEIC Voyage on Google Maps | |
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| See our interactive map of 2nd HEIC Voyage on Google Maps | |
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| See our interactive map of 3rd HEIC Voyage on Google Maps | |
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| See our interactive map of 4th HEIC Voyage on Google Maps | |
History
The early expeditions of the East India Company were called the Separate Voyages as separate capital was raised for each. The object of the expeditions was to establish trade with the spice islands of the East Indies.
First Voyage (1601-03)
Captain James Lancaster was appointed "General" of the fleet and sailed in the 'Red Dragon'. John Middleton was 'Vice-Admiral'. Other ships were the 'Susan', the 'Hector', the 'Ascension' and the 'Guest'. The fleet captured a Portuguese vessel off the coast of Guinea and took her cargo of wine, oil and meal. After calling at Saldanha at the Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar and Nicobar, they reached Achin on the northern tip of Sumatra where they were able to secure a cargo of pepper, cinamon and spices. The 'Susan' went to Priaman on the coast of Sumatra where she obtained a cargo and sailed for home. Lancaster sent the 'Ascension' back with despatches and proceeded to Bantam where he was able to establish a factory. He the sent a pinnace to trade in the Moluccas while he turned for home. An account of the voyage is given in Letters received by the East India Company Vol I (1602-13).
Second Voyage (1604-06)
Captain Henry Middleton, who had sailed on the first voyage with his brother John, led the expedition in the 'Red Dragon' again with the 'Hector', 'Ascension', and 'Susan'. Arriving at Bantam, the 'Hector' and 'Susan' loaded pepper and set out for home but 'Susan' was lost on the way. The 'Red Dragon' and 'Ascension' proceeded to Amboyna hoping to establish a factory. They were unable to do so however due to opposition from the Dutch. The 'Ascension' then went to Banda while Middleton took the 'Red Dragon' to Ternate and Tidore where trading was permitted and a cargo of pepper obtained. He called at Makian but Dutch objections prevented him from establishing a factory at Ternate though he obtained some cloves. The' Red Dragon' and 'Ascension' set sail for home but became separated en route. Middleton found the 'Hector' at Saldanha and the two ships arrived in England at the same time with 'Ascension' following later. The profit on first two voyages was reported as 95% on the capital. An account of the voyage is given in Letters received by the East India Company Vol I (1602-13).
Third Voyage (1607-10)
The third expedition comprised the 'Dragon' under Capt William Keeling, the 'Hector' under Capt William Hawkins and the 'Consent' under Capt David Middleton. They departed Tilbury on 17 March 1607 and reached St Augustine's Bay, Madagascar, via Sierra Leone where the fleet split up. The 'Dragon' took on a cargo and returned reaching England in September 1609. Capt Keeling took a pinnace to Banda where his attempt to establish a factory was frustrated by the Dutch. He visited Pulau Aye and Pulau Run before returning to Bantam via Jakarta with such spices as he could obtain. He left Bantam with a cargo of pepper and arrived in England on 10 May 1610. The 'Hector' took Capt Hawkins to Surat where she remained. The 'Consent' went from Bantam to Bouton in the Celebes where he loaded a cargo of spices returning via Bantam to England in early January 1609. An account of the voyage is given in Letters received by the East India Company Vol I (1602-13).
Fourth Voyage (1608-11)
The fourth expedition ended in disaster. Captain Alexander Sharpeigh commanded the 'Ascension' with Captain Richard Rowles in the 'Union'. They set out on 14 March 1609 before the return of the first ship on the third voyage. On leaving Saldanha they were split up by a storm. The 'Ascension' proceeded via Comoros and Aden where Capt Sharpeigh was briefly detained by the governor. Thence to Mocha and Socotra before making for Surat. Lacking a pilot the ship went aground on the Malacca Banks in the Gulf of Khambhat. The crew got ashore and reached Surat. The Union sailed to Achin and Priaman securing a cargo of pepper. A short distance from home she ran aground on the Brittany coast off Audierne and was looted.