29,512
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2009-04/1240765189 post] is about interpreting information on a casualty muster roll.
For information about interpreting some of the abbreviations used in these records, the Great War Forum thread [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=6898&st=0&p=51928&hl= Army Standards] explains the medical classification used for new recruits during the [[First World War]], and other abbreviations used during their subsequent service. In addition, the Great War Forum has a sub category [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showforum=31 Interpreting service records and medal index cards] which however, is only accessible to logged in Great War Forum members.
=====Other publications=====
*The [[Society of Genealogists]] has published the book ''My ancestor was in the British Army : how can I find out more about him?'' by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009. This book is available to buy from the [http://www.new.fibis.org/products-page/3-other-books-about-colonial-india/military-history/bkx-0030-my-ancestor-was-in-the-british-army FIBIS Shop]. Also available at the [[British Library]] on open access.
*[http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Soldiers_and_Genealogy Soldiers and Genealogy] on TNA's ''Your Archives''*[http://archive.sandhurstcollection.orgco.uk / The Cadet and Staff Registers of the Sandhurst Collection]. The registers show the details for almost every officer cadet that attended the Royal Military Academy Woolwich and Royal Military College Sandhurst, England
*India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966007649 post] dated 11 August 2000 by Tony Fuller. "Another snippet from Tower Hamlets. In a memorandum dated 16 August 1844, the government confirmed that in general, 6 wives were allowed to accompany their soldier husbands per 100 men anywhere in the world EXCEPT To India and Australia, where the ratio was 12 wives to 100 men, including the NCOs. The number of children was unlimited." (The reference appears to be to the Tower Hamlets Library, where the author was doing research, according to this earlier [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966579686 post])
*[http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Enlistment_of_Boy_Soldiers_in_the_British_Army,_1795-1959 Enlistment of Boy Soldiers in the British Army, 1795-1959] Your Archives
*The life of a soldier in India in the early 1900s is discussed in this Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=6187#p24669 thread]. Includes reference to the book ''Old Soldier Sahib'' by Frank Richards, "an excellent read", which is about this period in India and Burma. First published in 1936, a reprint is available to purchase through Amazon.co.uk from the [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1843425580 FIBIS Shop]. Also available at the [[British Library]]. Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=93&t=7862&p=34986#p34937 thread] about a 2005 edition , annotated by Krijnen and Langley, with many footnotes and illustrations. "Each page is annotated to give information on Frank Richards’s friends, his officers, the places where he served in India and Burma, dates, events and the language, for example". Stated to be available at the [[British Library]] (although not in the catalogue).
*This [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=161038&view=findpost&p=1561465 Great War Forum thread] advises the book ''A Strange War: Burma, India and Afghanistan 1914-1919'' by C P Mills 1988 describes experiences of Territorials in India during the Great War. The book is available at the [[British Library]]. The Regiment was the 2/5th Battalion of the [[13th Regiment of Foot|Somerset Light Infantry]]
no edit summary
When a regiment was to return to England, the men were given the opportunity to 'volunteer for' (join) another British Army regiment in India. The view seems to have been "A trained soldier in India is worth five recruits, and that soldier, when he is brought home, is not worth anything."<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ybk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4 Page 4] ''The Regimental Companion: Containing the Pay, Allowances and Relative Duties of Every Officer in the British Service, Volume 3'' by Charles James 7th edition, considerably enlarged 1811 Google Books</ref>As an example, when the [[96th Regiment of Foot]] was ordered home in September 1854, a ‘great number of men’ volunteered for the [[32nd Regiment of Foot|32nd foot]], thirty volunteered for the [[43rd Regiment of Foot|43rd]], while twenty-two volunteered for the [[74th Regiment of Foot|74th Highlanders]].<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/fromenglandtoant00tyrrrich#page/36/mode/2up ''From England to the Antipodes & India - 1846 to 1902, with startling revelations, or 56 years of my life in the Indian Mutiny, Police & Jails''], page 36 by Isaac Tyrell (1904) Archive.org</ref> However, when transferring to another unit, the soldiers were treated as new recruits, and lost any rank they had, reverting to the rank of a private,<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/fromenglandtoant00tyrrrich#page/38/mode/2up ''From England to the Antipodes & India - 1846 to 1902, with startling revelations or 56 years of my life in the Indian Mutiny, Police & Jails''], page 38 by Isaac Tyrell (1904) Archive.org</ref> although it appears likely that in practice they were promoted again reasonably quickly.
===Locating a regiment===
There are many ways to find out locations at which a regiment was stationed. More labourious methods include tracking through the muster rolls, army lists or station lists published in newspapers. Many of our regiment articles include a timeline of major stations. One online source providing incomplete but highly useful information, is:
*[http://wwwisp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/indexkitz1.htm Indian portion of ''In Search of the 'Forlorn Hope': A Comprehensive Guide to Locating British Regiments and their Records (1640-WWI)'' by John M Kitzmiller] - lists the location/year of all British regiments that served in India and related regions. From Bob Holland’s Rampais website. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:XAQSGoEQER8J:isp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au CachedRegiments] Regiments, [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:38uhI11gybkJ:isp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz2.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au cachedLocations] Places URLs). From Bob Holland’s Rampais website.
*[http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/nafziger.htm The Nafziger Collection of Orders of Battle] hosts a PDF catalogue including lists of “Stations of British Troops in India” (and a wider list for the whole army) transcribed from the sources such as the ''Army and Navy Gazette ''. The website says "Download the collection's [http://cdm16040.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll11/id/1277 Finding Aid] (pdf format) to assist in navigating the titles available for viewing".
:*[[Stations of British Army troops in India]]
:*[[Stations of the Royal Artillery in India]]
: Note that for some computers/browsers, it may not be possible to search the Finding Aid. "British Regiments Serving in India" 1816 is located on page 167. "Distribution of the British Army" 1836 is located on page 168
*The publications [[Military periodicals online #New Annual Army List| New Annual Army List]] and [[Military periodicals online #New Army List|New Army List]], some of which are available on [[Military periodicals online]] contain details of the regiments in the British Army for each year of publication. The details of each regiment in each volume will usually include where the regiment is garrisoned at that point of time. This is often located at the very top of the page which gives details of the regiment. As an [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XysdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA276 example], the 2nd Battalion of the [[24th Regiment of Foot]] was stationed at Secunderabad, Madras, page 276 ''The New Annual Army List for 1869'', shown in the top left hand corner.
==Enlistment in India==
It was possible for a man born in India to enlist in the British Army in India, a fact to be considered when researching. Enlistment was possible for men with European parents, or [[Anglo Indian|Eurasian]] men of fair complexion―those whose looks allowed them to ‘pass’ as white.<ref> [http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/satoshi.html Loyalty, Parity, and Social Control-The Competing Visions on the Creation of an ‘Eurasian’ Military Regiment in late British India] by Satoshi Mizutani ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 10, No. 1, 2010</ref>
There is one reference to an Anglo Indian Boy Trumpeter in the [[Royal Artillery]] c 1936<ref> Pages 122-123, ''Pick up your Parrots and Monkeys: The Life of a Boy Soldier in India'' by William Pennington 2003</ref> ===Enlistment and birth in other overseas British Empire countries===This When researching, keep in mind that similar to the situation in India, it was also possible for men from other countries to enlist when regiments were stationed in their countries.<ref> Rootsweb Australia Message Board 3004 post [http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/localities.oceania.australia.general/4184/mb.ashx?pnt=1 2004 post] is called “Chelsea Chelsea Pensioners - soldiers with an Australian connection”. connection] It includes details of two men who were born in Australia and served in the Madras Artillery. They probably joined </ref> Men whose fathers were in the British Army regiments could be born anywhere in Australia, subsequently served in India and transferred to the Madras Artillery in India. It is an indication that men in world the British Army may have been born in countries other than Britain and Irelandwas stationed.
==Records==
An 1889 example of data from a Marriage Roll can be seen [http://web.archive.org/web/20040417222802/members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/married.htm here] on Cathy Day’s archived site.
Muster roll records are unfortunately NOT available on [[LDS]] microfilms. If you are are unable to visit Kew, read the National Archives' guide
[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/paid_research.htm Paying for Research]. FIBIS also has a research service for FIBIS members.
'''Pleae Please note that muster roll records may be missing for some Regiments and periods''', in India and generally. For example, there are virtually no muster roll records for the Royal Artillery in India.
Findmypast.co.uk has the online records [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/military/indexes/1861-army-index '''Worldwide Army Index 1861'''] extracted from the National Archives April-June quarter Paylists held in WO 10 (Royal Artillery), WO 11 (Royal Engineers) and WO 12 (Cavalry, Guards, Infantry and other units) series War Office records, including men serving overseas. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription). Note that soldiers of the East India Company Armies in 1861 would not generally appear in these records as most of these soldiers appear to have been transferred to the British Army after June 1861, although some soldiers appear to have transferred earlier and are included in these records.
====Service and pension records====
Discharge papers ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14305?v=r'''WO 97''', (to '''1913''')]), usually containing service/attestation information, and pension records ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14231?v=r '''WO 22''']) may also be found at TNA. Records in WO 97 are usually only for men discharged with a pension (i.e. for long service or having been invalided <ref name=Skel > Victorian Wars Forum thread [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 Pension?] quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home ''by AR Skelley</ref>) as these were the papers sent to the Royal Hospital Chelsea and preserved, but from 1883, most causes of discharge, (apart from death (with a few exceptions)<ref>There are WO 97 records for a few men who died in the Anglo- Boer War (and papers in the Ancestry "WWI" series for men who died during the Anglo-Boer War) according to this [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=3511&start=15#p23904 Victorian Wars Forum post] dated 1 October 2011 by Meurig. This further Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=7112#p30127 post] dated 30 May 2012 by Mark A Reid also mentions a few other deaths. </ref>) were included. Note however, '''the survival rate of discharge papers appears to be low for men discharged overseas<ref>''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 63 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009</ref> [ie not in Britain, and therefore low for India]. If a man went on to serve during World War 1 then his records would normally have been removed from WO97 and placed with his WW1 service records<ref> ''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 64 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009 and [http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/DEVON/2010-03/1269096802 Chelsea Pensioners] dated 20 March 2010 from Rootsweb Devon List.</ref>. WO 97 records are also unlikely to include men who immediately went on active service with a Milita unit, (whose discharge papers may have been transferred to the Milita unit)<ref>India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-06/1308580161 post] dated 20 June 2011</ref>'''. The records often contain a wealth of genealogical information, including birth date and location, next of kin, physical description, service locations, medical history and medals. They may include information about marriages, births of children or deaths of family members.
The National Archives has worked with findmypast.co.uk to scan and place online '''WO 97''' (Royal Hospital Chelsea: Soldiers' Service Documents 1760-1913). All WO 97 records, for the years '''1760 to 1913''' are currently available on findmypast.co.uk as part of a group of records called [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/army-service-records/all '''British Army Service Records 1760-1915'''] . This group of records consists of
*Militia service records 1806-1915 (WO96)
*Chelsea Pensioners British Army service records 1760-1913 (WO97)
Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).
For some FindMyPast findmypast blogs about these records, see below<ref>FindMyPast blogs "Behind the scenes":
[http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/09/behind-the-scenes-the-chelsea-pensioners-records-with-paul-nixon-content-licensing-manager/ The Chelsea Pensioners records with Paul Nixon, content licensing manager] 15 Sep 2010 and [http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/10/behind-the-scenes-our-expert-stephen-rigden-on-spelling-variations/ Our expert, Stephen Rigden, on spelling variations] 29 Oct 2010</ref>
This [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 link] <ref name=Skel /> has some general information about pensions, quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home'' by AR Skelley
=====Kilmainham Pensioners=====
The records online at findmypast.co.uk now include those men discharged through the Kilmainham Hospital in Ireland, as [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/army-service-records/kilmainham '''British Army Pensioners - Kilmainham, Ireland 1783-1822''']. These records are held under TNA reference [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14327?v=r WO 119], and are similar to the Chelsea Pensioner records WO 97, above. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).
There are other records for Kilmainham , not digitised, under [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14326?v=r WO 118] “Registers of in- and out- pensioners of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham”. In-pensioners were admitted until 1922.
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14328?v=r '''WO 120'''] "From about 1812 dates of death have been noted and in the last series these dates extend to 1877" The WO 120 records are available on [[LDS]] microfilm with this [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=315468&disp=Regimental+registers+of+pensioners%2C+ar&columns=*,0,0 catalogue entry].
**The book ''British Army Pensioners Abroad, 1772-1899'' by Norman K. Crowder includes all British Army pensioners who retired to any place outside of Great Britain for which records are available (1772-1899). There are 8,934 entries, transcribed from [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1923393?v=r WO 120/35] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1923427?v=r WO 120/69-70]. Each entry has one line, in the form "51st Regiment of Foot; Josh ABBOTT; pension awarded 27 Sept 1842; residence - Hobart Town, Australia; died 22 Apr 1871. Source WO120 Volume 69 page 206". <ref>[http://home.vicnet.net.au/~grthom/cpindex.html Chelsea Pensioners - Out Pensions] by Grahame Thom</ref>
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14329?v=r '''WO 121'''] records. These records are available online on findmypast.co.uk as part of British Army Service Records 1760-1915, refer [[British Army#Chelsea Pensioners|above]]. The records include "Register of men discharged without pension", 1884 to 1887. Although the catalogue does not mention this, there are many records of men leaving the army in India under the heading "Nominal list of men discharged by the Commander-in-Chief in India." As the register provides name, regimental number, rank, corps, date and cause of discharge, attestation date (and a few other administration details) it is an invaluable resource for those not able to find these details elsewhere. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).
These records are included in the National Archives catalogue entry [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C537 Records of the Royal Chelsea and Kilmainham Hospitals]. The latter hospital was in Ireland. This category of records also includes
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14325?v=r'''WO 117'''] Pensions awarded to soldiers for length of service.
Some of these records, in particular WO 116 (for what appears to be WO 116/1-165 being Cavalry and Infantry Disability October 1715 to '''1882''' and Royal Artillery 1 November 1833 to '''1893''') and WO 117 (October 1823 to '''1913''') are available to '''download free of cost''' from [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp The National Archives Documents Online: Digital Microfilms]. These are stated to be large pdfs, which need a broadband internet connection. This Ancestry.com British Army Message Board [http://boards.ancestry.com/topics.Military.uk.britarmy/2203.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1/mb.ashx post] details some of the information found.
An interesting series of selected records is [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C11584?v=r '''PIN 71''': Selected War Pensions Award Files for Service Prior to 1914]. This series consists of personal case files on disablement pensions arising from service in the Army or Navy before the First World War and case files concerning widows of such servicemen. The files contain medical records and details of place of birth, age, names of parents and siblings, religion, physical attributes, marital and parental status. The series appears to consist of approximately 6,300 individual files which are searchable by name online on the [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/ Discovery catalogue]. The actual files however are not available online.
Service and pension records from '''World War 1''' from the National Archives are available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry .com], and from May 2014 on the pay site findmypast [[British Army#External links| refer below]]. They do contain some papers for men who did not serve in WW1.<ref>Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=7266&start=15#p31162 post] dated 17 July 2012 by Meurig</ref>
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1219 British Army WWI Service Records, '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14567?v=r '''WO 363'''] records also known as the ‘Burnt Documents.’ These are the records which survived a fire, about one third of the total documents.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1114 British Army WWI Pension Records '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14568?v=r '''WO 364'''] records
====Courts martial and desertion====
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-tracing-soldiers.htm British Army: Useful Sources for Tracing Soldiers (Military Records Information 14)]
*The National Archives has published the book ''Army Records: A Guide for Family Historians '' by William Spencer 2008. 160 pages. It is mainly about records in the National Archives and the India Office at the British Library. It contains a chapter "The British Army in India and the Indian Army", in addition to over twenty chapters about British Army records. Available at the [[British Library]].
=====British Library Guides=====
Online search [https://www.gov.uk/probate-search#before-you-start Find a soldier's will] Search for the will of a soldier who died while serving in the British armed forces between 1850 and 1986. UK Government Probate Service. Free to search, (but first you must register) and then pay for a record.
No further details are given, but previously this [http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon link]<ref>[http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon Probate Calendars to be Online Soon] from Geoff Swinfield’s researchlondon.info and [http://www.ffhs.org.uk/news/news120510.php News from FFHS]. </ref> advised that 300,000 wills of soldiers killed in action were to become available online. They do not include officers. These wills date from the Crimea period onwards, and appear to be wills completed by soldiers in their paybooks. It appears the majority are from WW1. The article [http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-people/research-family-story/3306-wills-of-english-soldiers-killed-in-the-great-war.html "Wills of English soldiers killed in the Great War"] by David Tattersfield 25 September 2013 (“The Western Front Association”) has more details.
The index to some soldiers’ wills are also available in the [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1904 England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1861-1941 from Ancestry.com]
*[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/oldResearch/files/tscInfo4.pdf Information Sheet No 4: Soldiers’ Records 1920–present]
*[http://www.nam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research-information-5.pdf Information Sheet No 5: Researching Family History at the National Army Museum]
====Post 1920 Attestation books====
Following the restructure of the Army in 1920, new Attestation books were introduced, the originals of which were sent to various Regimental Museums in the early 2000s <ref>
Great War Forum thread [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=214248&hl= Attestation books - where they were sent by the MOD/Nat Archives] started by Justin 11 July 2014</ref>
====Regimental Journals====
:Email disc4@apc.army.mod.uk
See the web page [https://www.gov.uk/requests-for-personal-data-and-service-records Requests for personal data and Service records] (gov.uk) for forms to download. [http://www.veterans-uk.info/service_records/service_records.html Veterans:UK] and and their fact sheet [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veterans-uk.info%2Fpdfs%2Fservice_records%2Farmy_pack.pdf Army Personnel Records And Family Interest Enquiries] (docs.google version), [http://www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf original pdf] ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Syq6wj5H2d0J:www.veterans-uk.info/pdfs/service_records/army_pack.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
This WW2Talk Forum [http://ww2talk.com/forums/topic/47075-grandfather-ww2-rasc-burma-help-and-suggestions/?p=555463 post] advises "you want to get next of kin FULL records (make a note on the application for '''FULL''' records)".
==External links==
*[http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/ Great War Forum]
*[http://www.awin1.com/awclick.php?mid=2114&id=201071 findmypast]
===Encyclopedia articles===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army History of the British Army] ''Wikipedia''
===Other===
*[http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm Stephen Lewis' Soldiers Memorials] lists NCO and other ranks graves in India by surname, amongst other memorials. [http://www.redcoat.info/memindex3.htm Officers Died] is the equivalent commissioned ranks site.
*[http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080116091340/www.regiments.org/nations/europe/uk.htm Regiments.org (Archived Site)], see archived versions of a [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080118041521/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/bargxrefn.htm Numeric list of British Army Regiments] and [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20071218044939/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/ba1881.htm 1881 Regiments].
*[http://www.britisharmedforces.org/pages/nat_regiments.htm Army Regiments] from [http://www.britisharmedforces.org/index.htm British Armed Forces & National Service]. Includes details of deployments
*[http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units Famous Units] National Army Museum. "The list is continually being updated and eventually we hope to cover every unit that has contributed to the British Army's history".
*[http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/index.htm Army Museums Ogilby Trust] provides information about regimental museums. There is also a “book search” which lists books about the various regiments. Also includes
**[http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/ancestor.htm Ancestor Research & Military Genealogy]
*[http://www.britishmedals.us/kevin/intro.html The Asplin Military History Resources], about British Army history in the Victorian era, includes pages relevant to the British Army in India.
*Victorian Wars Forum [httphttps://wwwweb.victorianwarsarchive.comorg/web/20131117052045/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=7266#p31139 post] on "Terms of Engagement" by grumpy dated 16 July 2012*[http://www.hargreave-mawson.demon.co.uk/46thmen.html 46th Foot.com] includes a detailed account of the 1834 attestation of a private, Frederick Crosland.
*[http://armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com/2009/07/army-service-numbers-1881-1918-index.html Army Service Numbers 1881-1918: Index] armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com
*[http://www.1914-1918.net/renumbering20.htm Renumbering of the army in 1920] 1914-1918.net. A seven-digit number was issued in 1920 to all men then serving in regular or Territorial units. Once issued, the man retained the same number irrespective of his transfers and postings within the army. Generally the new numbers did not have prefixes but the Royal Army Service Corps was an exception. RASC numbers were prefixed S (Supplies), T (Transport), M (Mechanical Transport) or R (Remounts).
*[http://www.ceylondatabase.net/military.html International Ceylon Database: Military] from Kyle Joustra’s [http://www.ceylondatabase.net/Genealogy.html website]. Includes lists of names by regiment.
*[http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4-India.html Soldiers of the Queen: The Jewel in the Crown]. Photographs of soldiers in India, Ceylon,The North-West Frontier Afghanistan. Includes [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4cIndia-TwoPrivatesaServantaDogandaMonkey.html Two Privates with a servant and pets], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4vindia-SergeantEvansandWifeSergeantEdgarJobEvansandWife.html Sergeant E. J. Evans in the tropical version of his regimental "Mess Dress" uniform, with wife], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/page4hhIndia-FusilierSergeantandFamilyArtillerySergeantandFamily.html Fusilier Artillery Sergeant and family c 1900]*[http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=165361 British uniforms India 1914] Thread from the Great War Forum, with many pages, showing both British Army and Indian Army uniforms with many photographs. Note, to view the photographs attached to posts you must be a logged in member of the Forum, refer [[Mailing lists#Military|Military message boards]].
*[http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2012/british-army-spine-pads British Army Spine Pads] [Part of the uniform] by Stuart Bates , April 27, 2012 militarysunhelmets.com
*[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1858/08/13.htm "Transport of Troops to India"] by Frederick Engels from ''New York Daily Tribune'', 13 August, 1858 states that some troops were sent from England by the overland route from 1857. Marxists.org. This route became permanent some years later, see [[British Army#Historical books online|below]].
*[http://adenairways.com/Armed_Forces/page186/page262/page262.html The trooping season between India and the United Kingdom] lasted for about seven months each year, with the full programme being published some months in advance. The gap, April-October/November in India was the same each year – to avoid the worst of the heat in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. adenairways.com. Also see See [[Trooping season]] and [[Deolali]].
*[http://www.movcon.org.uk/History/Documents/DID/D-MCHS%200290.10.htm Troopships and Trooping] by R G Robertson movcon.org.uk
*Bad conditions on troop ships coming to India in the late 1700s are mentioned in [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081841/?page=14 "The soldier's friend—Sir Jeremiah Fitzpatrick"] by Richard L. Blanco ''Med Hist. 1976 October; 20(4): 402–421'', particularly 415-417
*Terrible conditions are described in a [http://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/infantmortality.html Letter home from a soldier’s wife on a voyage to India] 1859 As a result, the Captain was murdered! [http://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/EasternMonarch.html Eastern Monarch 1859] Fire broke out in English waters on this ship, whose passengers included 352 invalid soldiers from North West India. Old-merseytimes.co.uk.
*[http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/home.html The Army Children Archive (TACA)] contains information about children and wives, with themes such as [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accomm.html Accommodation] and [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/move.html On the Move]. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/history.html History Matters] (scroll down) gives details of the enlistment of an orphan boy age five,the son of a soldier, as a drummer in 1786. There are references to India in a number of the themes. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accompicsind.html Accommodation Album: India]
*[http://www.royalengineers.ca/femnkid.html On the Strength: Wives and Children of the British Army], a Canadian website. Some of the information, particularly in respect of physical work performed, may not be applicable to India.
*[http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/tommyatkins.htm Tommy Atkins]. A series of five articles including [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsdomestic/atkinsdomestic.html "The Domestic Life of Tommy Atkins"], [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsmarried/atkinsmarried.html "Tommy Atkins Married"], about aspects of life in the Army in the late Victorian period.<ref> Originally published in ''The Redan'', journal of The Palmerston Forts Society, three articles by Duncan Williams , (originally published in 1999-2001 (issues 46, 50, 53)) and two articles by David Moore (issues 72,74). From the website [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/index.htm Victorian Forts and Artillery].</ref> These articles in turn include quotes from a series of articles which appeared in ''Navy and Army Illustrated'' commencing in June 1898 which gave insight into the life of an ordinary soldier. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:OCl-4IMEZ3IJ:www.victorianforts.co.uk/tommyatkins.htm+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://royalartillery1815.co.uk/index.php?page=british-soldiers-wives British Soldiers' Wives in the Napoleonic Era] Royalartillery1815.co.uk
*History of the British Army Vol II by J W Fortescue [http://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up First British troops to land in India p 171]
*The National Archives [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts podcasts] have a [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/military-history.htm military history] category including
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/sahib.htm Sahib, the British soldier in India, 1750 – 1914] by Professor Richard Holmes
*Recruiting regions of Irish infantry regiments in the British Army from 1881 until 1922. A list of regiments, depots, counties together with a map. Select page 5 of this [http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuigalway.ie%2Fgeography%2Fdocuments%2FHeritage-Chapter.pdf docs.google version] or [http://www.nuigalway.ie/geography/documents/Heritage-Chapter.pdf pdf]<ref>[[http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuigalway.ie%2Fgeography%2Fdocuments%2FHeritage-Chapter.pdf "A Lost Heritage: The Connaught Rangers and Multivocal Irishness"] (docs.google version) by John Morrissey, 2005 , Chapter 3 of ''Ireland’s Heritages: Critical Perspectives on Memory and Identity'' edited by M Mc Carthy 2005. Website: Geography Dept, National University of Ireland, Galway. [http://www.nuigalway.ie/geography/documents/Heritage-Chapter.pdf original pdf]</ref>
*"Information Document on the Irish Regiments of the British Army up to 31st July 1922". Irish Military Archives Dublin [httpshttp://docs.google.com/viewer?aurl=v&q=cache:gru7mwoB39wJ:wwwhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryarchives.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Information_Document_on_the_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_Army%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fdocuments%2FInformation_Document_on_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_Army.pdf+East+India+Company+Army+Officer+transferred+to+British+Army&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgCmZns12hkE99NCTwYnZKxBIa4CjLHDnw00dDl-G-8dtP1fL8-uTOAW7hmuWptxLNBj6KyIKcTQks7CUK3bSgfr0dHI1OD9SJBPt_WF5uJfUQv6u4xXrgLdcVyfwHGhwNS1tiQ&sig=AHIEtbQcITGpWlwjYSS1F9kR0LlOKkmu4A docs.google version], [http://www.militaryarchives.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Information_Document_on_the_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_ArmyInformation_Document_on_Irish_Regiments_of_the_British_Army.pdf original pdf] *"Irish Soldiers in the British Army 1792-1922: Suborned or Subordinate?" by Peter Karsten ''Journal of Social History Volume 17 No. 1 (Autumn 1983)'' pages 31-64 [http://webcachedocs.googleusercontentgoogle.com/searchviewer?qurl=cache:LjXeAT9eDP0Jhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.reenactor.ru%2FARH%2FPDF%2FKarsten.pdf docs.google version] [http://www.militaryreenactor.ieru/fileadmin/user_uploadARH/imagesPDF/Info_Centre/Docs2/archives_docs/summary_information_document_on_the_irish_regiments_of_the_british_armyKarsten.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cachedoriginal pdf] URL)*[http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/index.html James Henry Miller], born 1910. He was in India October 1932-1935 with the [[2nd Bombay (European) Fusiliers|2nd Battalion, Durham Light Infantry]]. His memories of daily life in a regiment performing garrison duties. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114013901/http://jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/16.html His Story, His Words Part Four] (scroll down), [httphttps://jameshenrymillerweb.petermillerphotoworldarchive.co.ukorg/17.html Part Five], [http:web/20131114014056/jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/18.html Part Six] Includes photographs. Family website. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ndr41UqPklwJ:www.jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/1617.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached 4Part Five], [httphttps://webcacheweb.googleusercontentarchive.comorg/web/search?q=cache:VUV_Dr2_RuQJ:jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk20131114014327/17.html+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au cached 5], [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LMQDwmoU1JYJ:jameshenrymiller.petermillerphotoworld.co.uk/18.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au cached 6Part Six] URLsIncludes photographs. Family website. (archived links)*[http://www.davidhorsfield.org.uk/index.asp ''From Semaphore to Satellite The memoirs of Major General David Horsfield, Royal Signals''] may be read online. He served in Burma during World War 2 and was then in India 1942-1946. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:9BDKXd8louQJ:www.davidhorsfield.org.uk/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmvf.co.uk%2Fpdf%2FHORSE_TRANSPORT.pdf "British Army Horse Transport"] (docs.google version) by Clive Elliott 2008 hmvf.co.uk [http://www.hmvf.co.uk/pdf/HORSE_TRANSPORT.pdf original pdf]
*Military reasons for the expansion of the railways are explained in [http://www.essaysinhistory.com/articles/2011/5 "“Fire-Carriages” of the Raj: The Indian Railway and its Rapid Development in British India"] by Amit K. Sharma 2010<ref>[http://www.essaysinhistory.com/articles/2011/5 “Fire-Carriages” of the Raj: The Indian Railway and its Rapid Development in British India”] by Amit K. Sharma 2010 ''Essays In History. Annual Journal of the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia''
</ref>
*[http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol046cs.html "The Problem of Purchase Abolition in the British Army 1856-1862"] by Carl G. Slater ''The South African
Military History Society: Military History Journal
Vol 4 No 6'' December 1979
*[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8dPEQktOJAidUZpMmRvaG11aHc/edit?pli=1 ''The system of purchase and sale of commissions in the British Army and the campaign for its abolition 1660 - 1871''] by Anthony Peter Charles Bruce. PhD Thesis Manchester University, 1949. This link leads to a large pdf which may be opened or downloaded. The thesis may also may be accessed from this [http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.488928 British Library Ethos] link. If this is not a permanent link type uk.bl.ethos.488928 (or the title) in the search in this [http://ethos.bl.uk/Home.do British Library Ethos Home] link. Most of the British Library Ethos downloads are [http://ethos.bl.uk/About.do free]
*Schola Forum’s [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=25 Online Fencing and Martial Treatises] includes some links on shooting manuals etc, particularly [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=22&start=50 19thC Treatises], which includes [http://www.fioredeiliberi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=17479 this post] which links to [http://archive.org/stream/soldierspocketg00undegoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Soldier's Pocket Guide to Shooting''] by W G Underhill 1878 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GgUHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Revised Army Regulations Volume 1: Royal Warrant for the Pay and Promotion, Non-effective Pay, and Allowances of Her Majesty's British Forces serving elsewhere than in India''] dated 27 December 1870 HMSO Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogueofbooks00cockrich#page/n1/mode/2up ''A catalogue of books relating to the military history of India''] drawn up by Maurice J.D. Cockle 1901 Archive.org
*''In Search of the "Forlorn Hope" : a comprehensive guide to locating British regiments and their records (1640-WWI)'' by John M. Kitzmiller, II, Volumes 1 and 2, may be [[Online books#Family History Books| read online]] at a [[FamilySearch Centres|FamilySearch Centre]] on a Family History Library computer
*[http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/pageturner.cfm?id=74905433&mode=transcription "List of Stations at which Military Family Hospitals are Authorized"] An Appendix from ''Regulations for the Medical Services of the Army of India 1930'' National Library of Scotland 'Medical History of British India' digital books.
== References ==
