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*The publications [[Military periodicals online #New Annual Army List| New Annual Army List]] and [[Military periodicals online #New Army List|New Army List]], some of which are available on [[Military periodicals online]] contain details of the regiments in the British Army for each year of publication. The details of each regiment in each volume will usually include where the regiment is garrisoned at that point of time. This is often located at the very top of the page which gives details of the regiment. As an [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XysdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA276 example], the 2nd Battalion of the [[24th Regiment of Foot]] was stationed at Secunderabad, Madras, page 276 ''The New Annual Army List for 1869'', shown in the top left hand corner.
**[http://www.remthepast.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/location.html Location of British Army Infantry and Cavalry Regiments 1878-1891] Remembering The Past. Transcriptions from Army Lists.
*For those able to visit the National Archives at Kew, there are catalogue entries [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1868016?v=r WO 379/11 Stations of regiments 1859-1900] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C1868020?v=r WO 379/15 Stations of regiments 1901-1920] Examples of the type of records available are [http://maltaramc.com/imgsellstromr/52nd.jpg WO 379/11 details for the 52nd Regiment] and [http://maltaramc.com/imgsellstromr/2northampt.jpg WO 379/15 details for the 48th Regiment] from respective regiments pages from the website [http://maltaramc.com/index.html maltaramc.com]. These records are part of the [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14583?v=r WO 379] series "Disposition and Movement of Regiment, Returns and Papers (Regimental Records)"
===Indians in the British Army===
There were a limited number of Indians who were part of the British Army. Prior to 1924C 1911, there were Indian soldiers serving in the Royal Artillery as drivers, and native gunners in ammunition columns serving as wagon-men. <ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/armiesofindia00macmuoft#page/182/mode/1up Page 182] ''The Armies of India'' described by Major G F MacMunn (Painted by Major Lovett) 1911 Archive.org</ref> During the [[First World War]], there are Medal Index Card references to Lascars in the Royal Artillery, this rank was also known as a [[Gun Lascar]]. In 1924, [[Mountain Artillery|Indian Mountain/Pack Batteries]] became Batteries in the Royal Artillery, which was the situation until 1939 when the Indian Mountain Batteries were transferred from the Royal Artillery to the Indian Regiment of Artillery.
<br> During the [[First World War]] there are also references to Lascars in the Inland Water Transport, Royal Engineers.
<br>There were Indian and Burmese drivers and artificers in 1023 and 1024 Mechanical Transport Companies [[Royal Army Service Corps|ASC]], raised in Burma for service in Mesopotamia.
<br>From c 1921, there were Indian Mechanical Transport Companies, which were part of the [[Royal Army Service Corps]], until subsequently transferred to the Indian Army.
===Army Lists===
''Army List''s are useful if you are researching an officer. There were Monthly, Quarterly and Annual editions published. At least during the [[First World War]], only the Monthly Lists cover the officers in “battalion order”.<ref> rflory [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=228278&p=2267381 Army List - copies at Kew?] ''Great War Forum'' 27 May 20142015. Retrieved 28 May 20142015.</ref> ''Quarterly Army List''s only list regular, career officers and not others such as temporary officers and territorial officers who are to be found in the ''Monthly Army List''s.<ref>rflory. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=236726&p=2369451 Army List lookup], posts 4 and 10. ''Great War Forum'' 26 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> The Monthly Lists are available on the open shelves at the National Archives and major libraries.
For volumes available online, see '''[[Military periodicals online]]'''.
===The [London] Gazette===
=====Online records=====
*Ancestry (pay site with a free search) has a collection [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=60546 UK, British Army Muster Books and Pay Lists, 1812-1817]
*Findmypast has the records , (located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) '''1861 British Army, Worldwide Army Index1861''' extracted from the National Archives April-June quarter Paylists held in WO 10 (Royal Artillery), WO 11 (Royal Engineers) and WO 12 (Cavalry, Guards, Infantry and other units) series War Office records, including men serving overseas. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription). Also on Findmypast is the database '''1871 Worldwide British Army , Worldwide Index - British Army Other Ranks & Locations1871''', with census day 2 April 1871 and generally covering much of the June Quarter 1871, extracted from War Office army pay lists. The latest (2016/1) database released by FMP is '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1841''', created from muster rolls and pay lists between April and June 1841. As advised in the section above, there will be no records for Royal Artillery soldiers in India.
====Service and pension records====
=====Chelsea Pensioners=====
Discharge papers ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14305?v=r'''WO 97''', (to '''1913''')]), usually containing service/attestation information, and pension records ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14231?v=r '''WO 22''']) may also be found at TNA. Records in WO 97 are usually only for men discharged with a pension (i.e. for long service or having been invalided <ref name=Skel > Victorian Wars Forum thread [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 Pension?] quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home ''by AR Skelley</ref>) as these were the papers sent to the Royal Hospital Chelsea and preserved, but from 1883, most causes of discharge, (apart from death (with a few exceptions)<ref>There are WO 97 records for a few men who died in the Anglo- Boer War (and papers in the Ancestry "WWI" series for men who died during the Anglo-Boer War) according to this [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=3511&start=15#p23904 Victorian Wars Forum post] dated 1 October 2011 by Meurig. This further Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=7112#p30127 post] dated 30 May 2012 by Mark A Reid also mentions a few other deaths. George Francis died in the Tochi Valley in 1897, yet his papers appear in the WO 363 WW1 records on findmypast.</ref>) were included. Note however, '''the survival rate of discharge papers appears to be low for men discharged overseas<ref>''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 63 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009</ref> [ie not in Britain, and therefore low for India]. If a man went on to serve during World War 1 then his records would normally have been removed from WO97 and placed with his WW1 service records<ref> ''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 64 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009 and [http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/DEVON/2010-03/1269096802 Chelsea Pensioners] dated 20 March 2010 from Rootsweb Devon List.</ref>. WO 97 records are also unlikely to include men who immediately went on active service with a Milita unit, (whose discharge papers may have been transferred to the Milita unit)<ref>India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-06/1308580161 post] dated 20 June 2011</ref>'''. The records often contain a wealth of genealogical information, including birth date and location, next of kin, physical description, service locations, medical history and medals. They may include information about marriages, births of children or deaths of family members. '''Note''': There are examples of records to 1913, which are located in the WW1 records, rather than in the WO 97records, even though the man did not serve in WW1.
The National Archives has worked with findmypast to scan and place online '''WO 97''' (Royal Hospital Chelsea: Soldiers' Service Documents 1760-1913). All WO 97 records, for the years '''1760 to 1913''' are currently available on findmypast as part of a group of records called '''British Army Service Records 1760-1915'''. This group of records consists of
*Militia service records 1806-1915 (WO96)
An interesting series of selected records is [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C11584?v=r '''PIN 71''': Selected War Pensions Award Files for Service Prior to 1914]. This series consists of personal case files on disablement pensions arising from service in the Army or Navy before the First World War and case files concerning widows of such servicemen. The files contain medical records and details of place of birth, age, names of parents and siblings, religion, physical attributes, marital and parental status. The series appears to consist of approximately 6,300 individual files which are searchable by name online on the [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/ Discovery catalogue]. The actual files however are not available online.
Service and pension records from '''World War 1''' from the National Archives are available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry .com], and from May 2014 on the pay site findmypast [[British Army#External links| refer below]]. They do '''contain some papers for men who did not serve in WW1.''',<ref>Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=7266&start=15#p31162 post] dated 17 July 2012 by Meurig. Other examples have been seen.</ref>so it is suggested you check these records for men with service prior to the War years.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1219 British Army WWI Service Records, '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14567?v=r '''WO 363'''] records also known as the ‘Burnt Documents.’ These are the records which survived a fire, about one third of the total documents.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1114 British Army WWI Pension Records '''1914-1920'''] are [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14568?v=r '''WO 364'''] records
*The National Archives have the following research guides:
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/looking-for-person/britisharmyofficerbefore1913.htm Looking for records of a British Army officer up to 1913]
***Regarding records mentioned in this link, note that WO 76 records are available to download free as pdf files from [httpthe National Archives' Discovery catalogue. See "Free online records://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp National Archives: Documents Online: Digital Microfilm]" (link follows later in this section). For Army Lists, see [[Military periodicals online#New Annual Army List|Military periodicals online-New Annual Army List]]
***[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/army-officers-1660-1913.htm British Army officers up to 1913: further research] (Military Records Information 4)
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/looking-for-person/officerbritisharmyafter1913.htm Looking for records of a British Army officer after 1913]
***[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/british-army-soldiers-discharge-and-pension-records.htm British Army soldiers up to 1913: further research] (Military Records Information 5)
***[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/army-muster-1730-1898.htm British Army: Muster Rolls and Pay Lists, c1730-1898] (Military Records Information 7)
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/looking-for-person/britisharmysoldierafter1913.htm Looking for records of a British Army soldier after 1913] **[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/free-online-records-digital-microfilm/ Free online records: digital microfilm]. Includes a number of records in the WO series, including WO 25, War Office and predecessors Registers; WO 42 War Office: Officers’ Birth Certificates, Wills and Personal Papers; WO65 War Office: Printed Annual Army Lists; WO 76 War Office: Records of Officers’ Services, etc. Download through the record references in the National Archives' Discovery catalogue. (Note, some of these records may be available online on commercial sites such as Ancestry. For example, a selection of WO 25 records is available on Ancestry, in the dataset "Canada, British Regimental Registers of Service, 1756-1900").
*The National Archives has published the book ''Army Records: A Guide for Family Historians '' by William Spencer 2008. 160 pages. It is mainly about records in the National Archives and the India Office at the British Library. It contains a chapter "The British Army in India and the Indian Army", in addition to over twenty chapters about British Army records.
=====British Library Guides=====
No further details are given, but previously this [http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon link]<ref>[http://researchlondon.info/probate/probate-calendars-to-be-online-soon Probate Calendars to be Online Soon] from Geoff Swinfield’s researchlondon.info and [http://www.ffhs.org.uk/news/news120510.php News from FFHS]. </ref> advised that 300,000 wills of soldiers killed in action were to become available online. They do not include officers. These wills date from the Crimea period onwards, and appear to be wills completed by soldiers in their paybooks. It appears the majority are from WW1. The article [http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-people/research-family-story/3306-wills-of-english-soldiers-killed-in-the-great-war.html "Wills of English soldiers killed in the Great War"] by David Tattersfield 25 September 2013 (“The Western Front Association”) has more details.
The index to some soldiers’ wills , perhaps more likely to be officers' wills, are also available in the [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=1904 Probate Calendars Of England & Wales1858-1996, in an additional section on the UK Government website, National Probate Calendar (Index of mentioned above. Also see [[Wills and , Administrations), 1861-1941 from AncestryProbate and Inventories]].com]
=====Soldiers’ effects records at the National Army Museum=====
**[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/about-the-wfa/175-pension-records/2960-great-war-pension-record-cards-and-ledgers-deeper-understanding.html "Great War Pension Record Cards and Ledgers: deeper understanding"] 31 March 2013
**[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/about-the-wfa/175-pension-records/2961-pension-record-cards-manual-lookup-request.html Pension Record Cards: Manual Lookup Request] 31 March 2013. A fee applies. It is intended that these records be digitised in time.
 
====WW1 Casualty Lists====
WW1 Casualty Lists were initially published on a daily basis in newspapers, but WO original lists no longer appear to exist. They were then published weekly by HMSO, as ''War Office Weekly Casualty List'' no.1-48 (7 Aug.1917 - 2 July 1918), and later as ''Weekly Casualty List (War Office & Air Ministry)'' no.49-83 (9 July 1918 - 4 March 1919), available at some libraries. Daily lists may be found in online newspaper databases such as ''The [London] Times Digital Archive'', for access see [[Miscellaneous tips#Access some subscription websites with a Library Card|Miscellaneous tips]], and ''The Scotsman'' in Scotland, the latter initially all casualties but later limited to Scots related. TheGenealogist, a pay website, as part of its Diamond premium subscription, includes a database "Military and Casualty Lists"<ref>[https://www.thegenealogist.com/featuredarticles/2014/was-your-ancestor-wounded-in-the-First-World-War-155/ Was your ancestor wounded in the First World War?] thegenealogist.com</ref>, which appears to consist of Daily Lists transcribed from newspapers, together with Weekly Lists transcribed and with images, from British Library held original publications,<ref> callowbrack et al. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=225762 daily casualty lists] ''Great War Forum'' 17 March 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref> with data to April 1918. <ref>Drew1918. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=237835&p=2383526 The Genealogist] ''Great War Forum'' 1 April 1916. Retrieved 1 April 1916.</ref>
====Prisoners of War====
===== ICRC Archives=====
*[http://grandeguerre.icrc.org Prisoners of the First World War - ICRC Archives]. Free online records of the International Committee of the Red Cross. These records may be quite complex to search, and there are many helpful hints about searching on the Great War Forum.<ref>Evers, Maureen [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2015-01/1421673008 Online WW1 Red Cross records (two free datasets)] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 19 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015</ref> Include soldiers of the Indian Army taken as POWs on the Western Front and sent to Germany.
*[https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/icrc-archives/ ICRC Archives] in Geneva has records for the [[Second World War]].
=====Other=====
*[[Findmypast|findmypast]] includes a database "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945" (located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) which appears to contain some records from FO 383, including some for Indian Army soldiers.
====1911 England and Wales Census====
British Army personnel in India, together with their families appeared for the first time in an England and Wales Census in 1911. [http://www.1911census.co.uk Search] the 1911 census data, free to search, but a pay site to view data. Also available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] and perhaps other pay sites. This [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/browser.asp?CATLN=3&CATID=12183&GPE=False&DOWN=TRUE&MARKER=37579000&MARKERSCN National Archives] catalogue entry shows the regiments that were included in the 1911 Census. The items (17 in total) are RG 14/34978-34992, 34995, 34997. However, it is probable there were other regiments in India at this time. The census was taken on the night of Sunday 2 April, 1911. Note however, there are is at least one known instance of a soldier and his family known to be in the British Army in India at the time of the census, whose names do not appeat in the census, another indication that the data may not be complete.The 1911 Census also includes similar information for other British Army overseas bases, and returns from ships of the Royal Navy at sea and in ports abroad.
====[[National Army Museum]]====
The National Army Museum's website includes the following Information Sheets which also refer to sources at other institutions
====Absent Voters Lists: 1918- c 1923 (UK)====
Generally arranged by Electoral District. Mainly contain military personnel, but also men and women who were engaged in war-related work who were still living away from home. Sources are major libraries and record offices nearest to the place in question. Some of these records are available online. The [[London Metropolitan Archives]] holds some AVLs to 1939.<ref>[https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/london-metropolitan-archives/visitor-information/Documents/10-electoral-registers-at-london-metropolitan-archives.pdf Electoral registers at London Metropolitan Archives: Information Leaflet Number 10]</ref>, however it appears that information such as a serviceman’s rank, unit and number, only appeared initially for a few years.<ref>[http://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/britain-absent-voters-lists-1918-1921 Scroll to Discover more about these records] findmypast</ref> Note however these lists appear to have contained some errors when first compiled.<ref>Reeves, Terry. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=234798&p=2362732 Compilation of Absent Voters Lists] ''Great War Forum'' 6 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.</ref>
*[http://mlfhs.org.uk/guides/researching_absent_voters.pdf Absent Voter Lists]. Guide by Manchester & Lancashire Family History Society. May 2015
*[http://www.1914-1918.net/soldiers/avl.html Finding soldiers through the 1918 Absent Voters Lists] 1914-1918.net
Great War Forum thread [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=214248&hl= Attestation books - where they were sent by the MOD/Nat Archives] started by Justin 11 July 2014</ref> Some of these records are now in regional Record Offices and Archives. The [[National Army Museum]] holds these records for some regiments, including the five Irish Regiments disbanded in 1922.
The attestation records for the Royal Artillery and the Tank Corps are available online on the pay website [[Findmypast|findmypast]], located in the category Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records.
Enlistment book records for the Royal Army Service Corps and Royal Army Ordnance Corps are available on the pay website RLC Digital Library, see [[Royal Army Service Corps#External links|Royal Army Service Corps]]
====Regimental Journals====
Some regiments published a regular regimental journal which can be a valuable source of information. Examples are ''St George’s Gazette'', journal of the Northumberland Fusiliers,(previously [[5th Regiment of Foot]]) published from 1883 to 1968, and ''The Highland Light Infantry Chronicle'', journal of the Highland Light Infantry (previously [[71st Regiment of Foot]]), published quarterly from 1893 to 1958. Whether a journal existed may be included in the regimental information available on the website Regiments.org (refer below). This [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sNO72EFncc8C&pg=PA365 link] also lists the titles of some regimental journals.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sNO72EFncc8C&pg=PA365 ''Military Identities: the Regimental System, the British Army, and the British People, c.1870-2000''], page 365 by David French 2005 Google Books</ref> The [[British Library]] and [[National Army Museum]] are possible sources of these journals, together with Regimental Museums and regional libraries, if the regiment had a strong regional connection. A broken range of editions of [[The Rifle Brigade| ''The Rifle Brigade Chronicle'']] for the years 1890 to 1905 is available online. A few editions of the ''Highland Light Infantry Chronicle'' are also available online, however these are accessible in limited countries only.
 
====Newspapers====
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk ''The London Gazette'' online] is a useful source of information about officers’ appointments and promotions. For more information about this resource, see [[Newspapers & magazines reading list]]
**[[Newspapers]]
**[[Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories]]
:A number of newspapers in the United Kingdom from 1824 into the 1860s contained a Monthly Military Obituary, being a list of names of officers. Includes deaths overseas or in transit (for example on board ship). Available in online newspaper collections including [[findmypast]].<ref>Clark, Noel. [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2016-03/1458986087 The "Monthly Military Obituary"] Rootsweb India Mailing List 26 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.</ref>
 
====Miscellaneous online sources====
Many online sources are mentioned in other sections. Other miscellaneous sources may be found by searching the database information of websites such as findmypast and Ancestry.
***"British Army, Deserters and Absentees In Police Gazette 1914-1919" . Selected dates only, not a complete range.<ref>Stewart, Graham. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=230741&p=2296337 New on Findmypast - Deserters and Absentees, Police Gazette, 1914-1919] ''Great War Forum'' 15 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015</ref>
**Includes a database "British Army Schoolchildren and Schoolmasters 1803-1932" (located in Education & work/Schools & education)
*[http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/CardCatalog.aspx Ancestry Card Catalogue of all Record Databases](located as an option under the Search tab). Select the Military filter on the left hand side of the page. Some datasets may unexpectedly provide information relating to India. A researcher, who found some relevant records, found the title of "Canada, British Regimental Registers of Service, 1756-1900", to be misleading, as they are actually records of enlistment and any subsequent notable events, based on WO 25 records for a selection of regiments. <ref> Email to User:Maureene 15-16 April 2016.</ref>:Also includes a database for Birmingham, and some of north Warwickshire, Absent Voters Lists (located in Census & Electoral Rolls/Midlands, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1955).*Forces War Records, a pay website, includes the database "Military Hospitals Admissions and Discharge Registers WW1 Collection",<ref> [https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/military-hospital-records Search the Military Hospitals Admissions and Discharge Registers WW1 Collection] and [http://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/blog/2014/11/12/mh106-the-challenges-of-making-these-wwi-medical-records-available-online? Article about the digitisation] forces-war-records.co.uk</ref> taken from TNA records [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10949 MH 106: War Office: First World War Representative Medical Records of Servicemen]. It is possible that the FWR database is only a selection of records from MH 106, which in turn is only a sample.<ref>TEW [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=234729&p=2345354 Military Hospitals Admission and Discharge Register: Forces War Record] ''Great War Forum'' 25 December 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref>
===Army personnel serving after January 1921===
 
The Army Personnel Centre Historical Disclosures Section holds Army Service records for officers whose service ended after April 1922 and soldiers whose service ended after January 1921.
Note however that some records may not have survived, such as some records for those who were awarded a disability pension,<ref>
JeffH01 [http://boards.ancestry.com.au/topics.Military.uk.britarmy/2537.2.3/mb.ashxJohn ashx John Henry James Fairbrother (Harry)] ''Rootsweb British Army Message Board'' 21 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015</ref> or due to 'weeding'.
The service records of Army personnel serving after these dates remain closed to the public. To obtain details from such records you will often have to prove kinship. Charges may apply. Application forms should be sent to
:He resigned in 1853 having spent 20 years in the British Army, all in India. However, his years as a Boy were not counted as years of service, so he was not entitled to any pension.
==Social conditions Conditions and activities===== Enlistment term===From the end of the Napoleonic Wars until 1847, men were enlisted for twenty-one years, practically for life. From 1847 enlistment was for ten years, later increased to twelve; with a pension after twenty one years for extended service. From 1870, as part of the Caldwell Reforms, “short service” was introduced, where men enlisted for a period of time in the Army, the balance of time in the reserves (total twelve years). The standard term varied over time, including six and six, seven and five, three and nine, nine and three years, <ref> grumpy. [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=6122 1870: Short Service] ''Victorian Wars Forum'' 17 October 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2016</ref> but terms may have been modified for regiments going to India.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS19000303.2.59 The British Army. (By The Right Hon Sir Charles W. Dilke)] ''The Star'' , Issue 6734, 3 March 1900, Page 7 Papers Past, National Library of New Zealand.</ref>
===Wives and families travelling to India===
For soldiers deployed from Britain to overseas garrisons only a proportion of men were allowed to be accompanied by their wives. For most countries the proportion was six wives per one hundred soldiers. However for India, and Australia, the ratio was twelve wives per one hundred men, including NCOs. The number of children was unlimited.<ref>Fuller, Tony [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966007649 Women on ships – again] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 11 August 2000. (The author was researching at the Tower Hamlets Library). Retrieved 17 February 2015</ref>
*[http://www.ceylondatabase.net/military.html International Ceylon Database: Military] from Kyle Joustra’s [http://www.ceylondatabase.net/Genealogy.html website]. Includes lists of names by regiment.
*[http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India.html Soldiers of the Queen: The Jewel in the Crown]. Photographs of soldiers in India, Ceylon,The North-West Frontier Afghanistan. Includes [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India-TwoPrivatesaServantaDogandaMonkey.html Two Privates with a servant and pets], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/india-SergeantEdgarJobEvansandWife.html Sergeant E. J. Evans in the tropical version of his regimental "Mess Dress" uniform, with wife], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India-ArtillerySergeantandFamily.html Artillery Sergeant and family c 1900]
*Uniform items: [http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2012/british-puggarees-2-3-4-and-6-folds "British Puggarees 2, 3, 4 and 6 Folds"] by Stuart Bates. May 22, 2012. [http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2012/helmet-flashes-in-the-british-army "Helmet Flashes in the British Army"] by Benny Bough July 30, 2012. Includes details of two series of reference articles by John Mollo, and by Ron Kidd in ''The Formation Sign'', ''Journal of [http://www.militaryheraldrysociety.com/journal.html The Military Heraldry Society]''. Alternative terminology is tactical recognition flash, pagri (puggaree) badge, Foreign Service Helmet (F S H) badge, or formation badge. [http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2012/british-army-spine-pads "British Army Spine Pads"] [Part of the uniform] by Stuart Bates , April 27, 2012 militarysunhelmets.com. [http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1965-07-45-4 Photograph: Wolseley helmet. Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians)], 1916 (c). National Army Museum:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puttee Puttee] Wikipedia. [http://smnmcshannon.hubpages.com/hub/World-One-War-Puttees-and-How-to-Wrap-Them "Puttees and How to Wrap Them"] May 31, 2011. The alternative herringbone style for putting on putties, using the principles of reverse spiral or looped bandaging<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/practicalmanualo00fitzuoft#page/42/mode/2up/search/puttees Page 42] ''A Practical Manual of Bandaging'' by Duncan C L Fitzwilliams Capt. RAMCT 1915 Archive.org.</ref> may be seen [http://www.medalofkar.com/medalofhonour/index.php/component/k2/item/24-uniforms-equipment-kar here] (scroll to first puttees image and click to enlarge) medalofkar.com. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur3seXl8-14&ebc=ANyPxKoYqIFsW3HfcmuX9Nij_I3LA3LJTGaeGaGaEwS8sYJqj1SGgRg6Q5WDq0NRl-F3uu_DpTn_Q_CkHNSPqjYT8yA1mY-29w How to wrap puttees, with crossing turns] by James Heath. YouTube video.
*[http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/home.html The Army Children Archive (TACA)] contains information about children and wives, with themes such as [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accomm.html Accommodation] and [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/move.html On the Move]. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/history.html History Matters] (scroll down) gives details of the enlistment of an orphan boy age five,the son of a soldier, as a drummer in 1786. There are references to India in a number of the themes. [http://www.archhistory.co.uk/taca/accompicsind.html Accommodation Album: India]
*[http://www.royalengineers.ca/femnkid.html On the Strength: Wives and Children of the British Army], a Canadian website. Some of the information, particularly in respect of physical work performed, may not be applicable to India.
===Historical books online===
*Also see '''[[Military periodicals online]]*[http://books.google.com/books?id=j0MIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Lists of the officers of His Majesty's, and the Hon. Company's troops, serving under the presidency of Bombay. Adjutant General's Office. January 1st. 1798'including '] Google Books*[http://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Google Books] has editions of ''A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines'Lists' 1778-1855 (incomplete series) and [http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:p&tbo=p&q=intitle:New+intitle:Annual+intitle:Army+intitle:List&num=10 ''New Annual Army List''] and [http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:p&tbo=p&q=intitle:New+intitle:Army+intitle:List&num=10 ' 'New Army List''] 1840-1869 (incomplete series). Some additional volumes may be found if they are searched for individually. Also see [[Military periodicals online#Army Regulations, including Equipment|Army Regulations, including Equipment]] for editions mainly from 1863.*Annual ''Army List''s from 1754 to 1879 are available to download (free of cost) as pdf files from the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/digital-microfilm.asp The National Archives Documents Online: Digital Microfilm],under WO 65 records.
*''The Royal Military Calendar, Or Army Service and Commission Book: Containing the Services and Progress of Promotion of the Generals, Lieutenant-generals, Major-generals, Colonels, Lieutenant-colonels, and Majors of the Army, According to Seniority: with Details of the Principal Military Events of the Last Century Third Edition'' by John Philippart 1820 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ETmnfShFw-8C&pg=PR1 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vg6zfusHsSAC&pg=RA1-PR3 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uQt4PleGb8QC&pg=PP11 Volume 3], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bNbre3lCAawC&pg=PP11 Volume 4], [http://books.google.com/books?id=e_BhWkIKNUoC&pg=PP15 Volume 5]
*''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue. Archive.org. This [http://www.naval-military-press.com/fortescue-s-history-of-the-british-army-complete-set-20-volumes-including-six-separate-map-volumes..html link]<ref>Naval and Military Press</ref> describes the contents of the volumes.
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 2, 1713 to 1763] (1899), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 3, 1763-1793] (1911), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 4, 1789-1801] (1906), [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II 1789-1801] (1906), [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritis05fort Volume 5, 1803-1807] (1910) with [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis05fort#page/n465/mode/1up Maps], [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritis06fort Volume 6, 1807-1809] (1910), with [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis06fort#page/n480/mode/1up Maps], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7, 1809-1810] (1912), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish08fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 8, 1811-1812] (1917), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish09fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 9, 1813-1814] (1920), [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/209324 Maps And Plans Vol. 9] (1920) Pdf download, Digital Library of India.[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish10fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 10, 1814-1815] (1920), [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish11fort Volume 11, 1815-1838] ( 1923) With [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish11fort#page/n566/mode/1up Maps]. [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish12fort Volume 12, 1839-1852] ( 1927) (Maps were in a separate volume) . [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/236131 Volume 13, 1852-1870] (1930) Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritishmap13fort Maps and Plans for Volume 13)] (Two maps of India appear to be missing).**Relating to India: [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up Volume 2, page 167], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/48/mode/2up Volume 3 page 49], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/402/mode/2up Volume 4 page 402], [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n137/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II, page 711], Volume 5, 1803 to 1807, includes detailed treatment of the situation and operations in the East Indies and Ceylon, [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis06fort#page/40/mode/2up Volume 6 page 40], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7 page 563], Volume 11, 1815-1838, includes the War with Nepal, the Pindari War, the War in Ceylon and the War with Burma. Volume 12, 1839-52. This volume is mainly concerned with India, and covers operations in Afghanistan and on the Khyber Pass, together with internal security operations in India itself.::Volume 13, 1852-1870, includes the Indian Mutiny, is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.
*''British Battles on Land and Sea'' by James Grant. First published c 1873 [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091765655 Volume I: to 1743] [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091765663 Volume II: 1745-1826]. [https://archive.org/details/recentbritishba00grangoog ''Recent British Battles on Land and Sea''] [1875-1884] by James Grant 1884. Later called Volume IV. Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofscottis00murrrich#page/n5/mode/2up ''History of the Scottish regiments in the British Army''] by Arch. K. Murray 1862 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/armybookforbrit00daltgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Army Book for the British Empire: A Record of the Development and Present Composition of the Military Forces and their Duties in Peace and War''] by William Howley Goodenough and James Cecil Dalton. HMSO 1893 Archive.org. Includes [http://archive.org/stream/armybookforbrit00daltgoog#page/n472/mode/2up "The Army in India"] page 442
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=6OcKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR6 ''Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as It Is''] by John Mercier McMullen, a late Staff Sergeant of the 13th Light Infantry (1846) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR1 ''The British Soldier: An Anecdotal History of the British Army from Its Earliest Formation to the Present Time''] by J.H Stocqueler 1857 Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PA283 Appendix: "The Soldier’s condition from “Enlistment” to “Pension”"] pages 283-315 with the [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR8 Contents of the Appendix]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=3nkQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The British Army in India: its preservation by an appropriate clothing, housing etc''] by Julius Jeffreys, formerly Staff-Surgeon of Cawnpore 1858 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sioAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9 ''‪Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire Into the Sanitary State of the Army in India‬: ‪With Précis of Evidence‬''] ‪Presented to both Houses of Parliament 1863 Google Books. Contains information on many topics including
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/worldsstoryhisto02tapp#page/216/mode/2up "Sunday in the British Army in India"] by Rev. Arthur Male, (written sometime after the defence of the Residency of Kabul, on the 3rd September 1879) from ''The world's story; a history of the world in story, song and art, Volume II India, Persia, Mesopotamia and Palestine''] ed. by Eva March Tappan (1914) Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n11/mode/2up "A Penny A Day"] page 9; [http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n33/mode/2up "Soldiers’ Wives"] Page 30 from [http://archive.org/stream/soldieringandsc00forbgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Soldiering and Scribbling: A Series of Sketches''] by Archibald Forbes 1872 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/sixmonthsinrank00murrgoog ''Six Months in the Ranks; or, The Gentleman Private''] [by E.C.G. Murray] 1881 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b21355885 ''The Prevention of Disease in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Campaigns''] by Andrew Duncan Surgeon, Bengal Army 1888 Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/stream/b21355885#page/22/mode/2up Page 22 onwards]. The age of 25 is most suitable for campaigning in the tropics, and no man should be sent to India under age 20.
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n7/mode/2up ''Social Life in the British Army''] by "A British Officer" Illustrated by R. Caton Woodville. 1899 Archive.org
**[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n83/mode/2up The officer in India, page 55],[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n137/mode/2up The soldier in India, page 94], [http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012890970#page/n119/mode/2up The soldier’s wife’s view of India, page 81]
*[https://archive.org/details/britisharmyfromw00vivirich ''The British Army from Within''] by E Charles Vivian 1914 Archive.org. Includes
**[https://archive.org/stream/britisharmyfromw00vivirich#page/24/mode/2up "The Way of the Recruit"] Chapter II, page 25.
*[https://archive.org/details/queensdaughters00butlgoog ''The Queen's Daughters in India''] by Elizabeth W. Andrew and Katharine C. Bushnell 1899 Archive.org. Investigation and Report by two American missionaries into the government sanctioned brothels in British Army cantonments
**[https://archive.org/stream/queensdaughters00butlgoog#page/n19/mode/1up Regimental brothels] page 15. These were set up under the Cantonment Act 1864. Also see [[Public health]]
*''Army Equipment'' by various Topographical Staff, War Office Google Books**[httphttps://booksarchive.google.com.auorg/books?id=TSoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 ''Part I: Equipment of Cavalry''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards 1864**[http://books.google.com.audetails/books?id=dDIBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 lecturesontactic00dykerich ''Part II: Equipment Lectures on Tactics for Officers of Artillerythe Army, Militia and Volunteers''] by Major Miller RA c 1864**[http://books.google.comLieut.au/books?id=cioBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Part III-Section 1 Engineers : Equipment of a Company of Engineers''] by Lieut-Colonel AF H Dyke. CFifth edition (updated) 1891 Archive. Cooke RE 1866**[http://booksorg.google.comAlso includes a section on Organisation.au/books?id=lCoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part IV: Equipment of Military Train''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards c 1865**[httphttps://booksarchive.google.com/books?id=lSoBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Part V: Equipment of Infantry''] by Captain Martin Petrie 1864 **[http:/org/books.google.com.audetails/books?id=lioBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 manualofmilitary00greauoft ''Part VI: Equipment Manual of Commissariat Staff Corps''] by Lieutenant HM Hozier 2nd Life Guards c 1864**[http://booksMilitary Law.google.com.au/books?id=byoAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP15 ''Part VII :Hospital Equipment for a Battalion of Infantry, Regiment of Cavalry, Battery of Artillery, and a Company of EngineersWar Office 1907''] by Captain Martin Petrie, c 1866 *[http://books.google.com/books?id=vVMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3 ''Regulations for the Dress of General, Staff and Regimental Officers of the Army''] 1864 Google Books*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR1 ''The British Soldier: An Anecdotal History of the British Army from Its Earliest Formation to the Present Time''] published by JHMSO.H Stocqueler 1857 Google Books**[http://booksArchive.google.comorg.au/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PA283 Appendix: "The Soldier’s condition from “Enlistment” to “Pension”"] pages 283-315 with the [httphttps://booksarchive.google.com.auorg/books?id=HS0zN8ZFqUcC&pg=PR8 Contents of the Appendix]*[http:stream/manualofmilitary00greauoft#page/books.google.com.au/books?id=txQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Royal warrant and regulations regarding army services: and Explanatory directions for the information and guidance of paymasters and others 1st July 1848''] Google Books**[http:n11/mode/books.google.com.au/books?id=txQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA211 "Pensions for Discharged Soldiers"2up Contents], page 211*''The Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Army'' [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=G9mgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 1 July 1844 3rd edition] Google Books; [httphttps://archive.org/stream/queensregulation00greamanualofmilitary00greauoft#page/n3712/mode/2up 1 December 1859Index] Archive.org; [http://bookshdl.googlehandle.com.au/books?id=RCsAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR2 1 January 1868] including [http:net/2027/books.google.commdp.au/books35112105403002?idurlappend=RCsAAAAAQAAJ&pg%3Bseq=PA287 "Discharge 7 ''Manual of Soldiers"Military Law. War Office, page 2871914. Reprinted 1917''] Google Books; , HMSO. Hathi Trust Digital Library. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1mdp.c09500045235112105403002?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 Part I 188917 Contents] Hathi Trust; , [http://archivehdl.handle.orgnet/stream2027/queensregulatio00armygoog#page/n9/mode/2up 1 July 1899mdp.35112105403002?urlappend=%3Bseq=849 Index] Archive.org*[httphttps://booksweb.googlearchive.com.auorg/web/20150320013811/books?id=GgUHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Revised Army Regulations Volume 1: Royal Warrant for the Pay and Promotion, Non-effective Pay, and Allowances of Her Majesty's British Forces serving elsewhere than in India''] dated 27 December 1870 HMSO Google Books*[http://historyoffashiondesign.com/part-13-date-unknown-the-cutters-practical-guide-to-cutting-making-all-kinds-of-british-military-uniforms ''Part 13 The Cutter’s Practical Guide to Cutting & Making all kinds of British Military Uniforms'']. Pages from an undated publication, but known to be close to 1902.<ref>Frogsmile [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=225848&p=2241295 Where can I buy a sewing pattern for officer's tunic?] ''Great War Forum'' 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015</ref> Pages 2-4 are about rank badges, including those for NCOs, with illustrations. historyoffashiondesign.com, now an archived page.
*[https://archive.org/details/trumpetbuglesoun00ingl ''Trumpet and bugle sounds for the army: with instructions for the training of trumpeters and buglers''] HMSO 1914 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogueofbooks00cockrich#page/n1/mode/2up ''A catalogue of books relating to the military history of India''] drawn up by Maurice J.D. Cockle 1901 Archive.org
*''In Search of the "Forlorn Hope" : a comprehensive guide to locating British regiments and their records (1640-WWI)'' by John M. Kitzmiller, II, Volumes 1 and 2, may be [[Online books#Family History Books| read online]] at a [[FamilySearch Centres|FamilySearch Centre]] on a Family History Library computer.
*[https://archive.org/stream/entericfeverinin00roberich#page/273/mode/1up List of Military Prisons in India 1900-1904] page 273 ''Enteric fever in India …etc'' by Ernest Roberts, Major Indian Medical Service 1906 Archive.org
*[http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/pageturner.cfm?id=74905433&mode=transcription "List of Stations at which Military Family Hospitals are Authorized"] An Appendix from ''Regulations for the Medical Services of the Army of India 1930'' National Library of Scotland 'Medical History of British India' digital books.
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