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====Muster rolls====
Unlike those of the presidency armies, muster rolls for British Army regiments stationed in India are not at the British Library but are instead at [[The National Archives]] at Kew in London. The majority of the Muster records up to '''1878''' are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14223?v=h '''WO 12'''], including [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C52579?v=h '''Cavalry'''] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C88062?v=h '''Infantry'''], with Royal Artillery muster records in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C14221 '''WO 10''']. The catalogue describes the records as:
[[Image:72nd Married Roll 1877 (close up).JPG |right|thumb|325px| ''Detail from a 1877 Married Roll'']]
<blockquote>"...a comprehensive means of establishing dates of enlistment, movements throughout the world, and of discharge or death. The first entry may show age on enlistment. An entry on the form "Men becoming non-effective", sometimes to be found at the end of each quarter's musters, shows the birthplace, trade, and date of enlistment of any soldier discharged or dead during the quarter. From about 1868, at the end of each muster, may be found a Marriage Roll, which enumerates wives and children for whom married quarters were provided." </blockquote>
An 1877 example of data from a Marriage Roll can be seen in the image on the right.
From '''1878 to 1898''', all muster rolls are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/details?Uri=C14227 '''WO 16''']. The majority of the records for the years 1878 to 1888 contain detailed pay lists with names. From 1888 onwards (WO 16/2917-3049) the series consists of company muster rolls only, and these do not contain pay lists.
Muster roll records are unfortunately NOT available on [[LDS]] microfilms. If you are are unable to visit Kew, the [http://www.fibis.org/research/ FIBIS Research team]should be able to assist
'''Please note that muster roll records may be missing for some Regiments and periods''', in India and generally. For example, there are virtually no muster roll records for the Royal Artillery in India,
=====Online records=====
*Ancestry (pay site with a free search) has a collection [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=60546 UK, British Army Muster Books and Pay Lists, 1812-1817]
*Findmypast has the records, (located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1861''' extracted from the National Archives April-June quarter Paylists held in WO 10 (Royal Artillery), WO 11 (Royal Engineers) and WO 12 (Cavalry, Guards, Infantry and other units) series War Office records, including men serving overseas. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription). Also on Findmypast is the database '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1871''', with census day 2 April 1871 and generally covering much of the June Quarter 1871, extracted from War Office army pay lists. The latest (2016/1) database released by FMP is '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1841''', created from muster rolls and pay lists between April and June 1841. As advised in the section above, there will be no records for Royal Artillery soldiers in India.
====1911 England and Wales Census====
British Army personnel in India, together with their families appeared for the first time in an England and Wales Census in 1911. [http://www.1911census.co.uk Search] the 1911 census data, free to search, but a pay site to view data. Also available on the pay site [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] and perhaps other pay sites. This [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/browser.asp?CATLN=3&CATID=12183&GPE=False&DOWN=TRUE&MARKER=37579000&MARKERSCN National Archives] catalogue entry shows the regiments that were included in the 1911 Census. The items (17 in total) are RG 14/34978-34992, 34995, 34997. However, it is probable there were other regiments in India at this time. The census was taken on the night of Sunday 2 April, 1911. Note however, there are is at least one known instance of a soldier and his family known to be in the British Army in India at the time of the census, whose names do not appeat in the census, another indication that the data may not be complete. The 1911 Census also includes similar information for
other British Army overseas bases, and returns from ships of the Royal Navy at sea and in ports abroad.
*[http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/ Great War Forum]
*[http://www.awin1.com/awclick.php?mid=2114&id=201071 findmypast]
*[http://www.britishmedals.us/kevin/intro.html The Asplin Military History Resources], about British Army history in the Victorian era, includes pages relevant to the British Army in India.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131117052045/http://www.hargreave-mawson.demon.co.uk/46thmen.html 46th Foot.com] includes a detailed account of the 1834 attestation of a private, Frederick Crosland.
*History of the British Army Vol II by J W Fortescue [http://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up First British troops to land in India p 171]
add footnote
===Army Lists===
''Army List''s are useful if you are researching an officer. There were Monthly, Quarterly and Annual editions published. At least during the [[First World War]], only the Monthly Lists cover the officers in “battalion order”.<ref> rflory [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=228278&p=2267381 Army List - copies at Kew?] ''Great War Forum'' 27 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.</ref> ''Quarterly Army List''s only list regular, career officers and not others such as temporary officers and territorial officers who are to be found in the ''Monthly Army List''s.<ref>rflory. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=236726&p=2369451 Army List lookup], posts 4 and 10. ''Great War Forum'' 26 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</ref> The Monthly Lists are available on the open shelves at the National Archives and major libraries, and some have now been digitised.
For volumes available online, see '''[[Military periodicals online]]'''.
===Military records at the National Archives===
For advice about the National Archives, both about visiting and your options if you can't visit, see the Fibiwiki page [[ The National Archives]]
====Service and pension records====
=====Online records=====
Where a record series appears on both findmypast, and Ancestry there may be differences in transcriptions of names which will affect the Search results. If you cannot initially find a record, it is suggested you try searching on both websites.
======Findmypast======
Findmypast , a pay website, contains a database '''British Army Service Records''', located in Armed forces & conflict/ Regimental & service records, which contains records between1760 between 1760 and 1920, for officers and other ranks, from The National Archives.
This database consists of
*WO 363 - First World War service records 'burnt documents'
*WO 364 - First World War pension claims
*WO 374 - Officers' services, First World War, personal files. Index records only, not actual files.
*WO 400 - The Household Cavalry 1801-1919
Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription).
For some findmypast blogs about these records, see below.<ref>FindMyPast blogs "Behind the scenes":[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925025431/http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/09/behind-the-scenes-the-chelsea-pensioners-records-with-paul-nixon-content-licensing-manager/ The Chelsea Pensioners records with Paul Nixon, content licensing manager] 15 Sep 2010 and [https://web.archive.org/web/20150620082830/http://blog.findmypast.co.uk/2010/10/behind-the-scenes-our-expert-stephen-rigden-on-spelling-variations/ Our expert, Stephen Rigden, on spelling variations] 29 Oct 2010, both pages now archived.</ref>
======Ancestry======
Ancestry is a pay website.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1219 '''British Army WWI Service Records, 1914-1920'''] are WO 363 records.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1114 '''British Army WWI Pension Records 1914-1920'''] are WO 364 records.
Ancestry search tip: if you are unable to locate a record, it is possible to search by spouse name, as the search does look for next of kin.<ref>Chris_Baker. [http://www.1914-1918.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=22#p68 "Of no occupation. An Army Pensioner"] ''Long, Long Trail Forum'' 20 June 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.</ref>
=====Chelsea Pensioners=====
Discharge papers ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14305?v=r'''WO 97''', (to '''1913''')]), usually containing service/attestation information, and pension records ([http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14231?v=r '''WO 22''']) may also be found at TNA. Records in WO 97 are usually only for men discharged with a pension (i.e. for long service or having been invalided <ref name=Skel > ''Victorian Wars Forum '' thread [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=5904#p23104 Pension?] quoting from ''The Victorian Army at Home ''by AR Skelley</ref>) as these were the papers sent to the Royal Hospital Chelsea and preserved, but from 1883, most causes of discharge, (apart from death (with a few exceptions)<ref>There are WO 97 records for a few men who died in the Anglo- Boer War (and papers in the Ancestry "WWI" series for men who died during the Anglo-Boer War) according to this [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=3511&start=15#p23904 Victorian Wars Forum post] dated 1 October 2011 by Meurig. This further Victorian Wars Forum [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=82&t=7112#p30127 post] dated 30 May 2012 by Mark A Reid also mentions a few other deaths. George Francis died in the Tochi Valley in 1897, yet his papers appear in the WO 363 WW1 records on findmypast.</ref>) were included.Note however, '''the survival rate of discharge papers appears to be low for men discharged overseas<ref>''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 63 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009</ref> [ie not in Britain, and therefore low for India]. If a man went on to serve during World War 1 then his records would normally have been removed from WO97 and placed with his WW1 service records<ref> ''My Ancestor was in the British Army'', page 64 by Michael Watts and Christopher Watts 2009 and [http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/DEVON/2010-03/1269096802 Chelsea Pensioners] dated 20 March 2010 from Rootsweb Devon List.</ref>. WO 97 records are also unlikely to include men who immediately went on active service with a Milita unit, (whose discharge papers may have been transferred to the Milita unit)<ref>India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2011-06/1308580161 post] dated 20 June 2011</ref>'''. The records often contain a wealth of genealogical information, including birth date and location, next of kin, physical description, service locations, medical history and medals. They may include information about marriages, births of children or deaths of family members. '''Note''': There are examples of records to 1913, which are located in the WW1 records, rather than in the WO 97
records, even though the man did not serve in WW1.
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14568?v=r '''WO 364'''] records
====Courts martial Muster rolls====Unlike those of the presidency armies, muster rolls for British Army regiments stationed in India are not at the British Library but are instead at [[The National Archives]] at Kew in London. The majority of the Muster records up to '''1878''' are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C14223?v=h '''WO 12'''], including [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C52579?v=h '''Cavalry'''] and [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/browse/C88062?v=h '''Infantry'''], with Royal Artillery muster records in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C14221 '''WO 10''']. The catalogue describes the records as:[[Image:72nd Married Roll 1877 (close up).JPG |right|thumb|325px| ''Detail from a 1877 Married Roll'']] <blockquote>"...a comprehensive means of establishing dates of enlistment, movements throughout the world, and of discharge or death. The first entry may show age on enlistment. An entry on the form "Men becoming non-effective", sometimes to be found at the end of each quarter's musters, shows the birthplace, trade, and date of enlistment of any soldier discharged or dead during the quarter. From about 1868, at the end of each muster, may be found a Marriage Roll, which enumerates wives and children for whom married quarters were provided." </blockquote> An 1877 example of data from a Marriage Roll can be seen in the image on the right. From '''1878 to 1898''', all muster rolls are in [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/details?Uri=C14227 '''WO 16''']. The majority of the records for the years 1878 to 1888 contain detailed pay lists with names. From 1888 onwards (WO 16/2917-3049) the series consists of company muster rolls only, and these do not contain pay lists. Muster roll records are unfortunately NOT available on [[LDS]] microfilms. If you are a FIBIS member and desertionare unable to visit Kew, the [http://www.fibis.org/research/ FIBIS Research team] should be able to assist. '''Please note that muster roll records may be missing for some Regiments and periods''', in India and generally. For example, there are virtually no muster roll records for the Royal Artillery in India, =====Online records=====*Ancestry (pay site with a free search) has a collection [http://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=60546 UK, British Army Muster Books and Pay Lists, 1812-1817]*Findmypast has the records, (located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1861''' extracted from the National Archives April-June quarter Paylists held in WO 10 (Royal Artillery), WO 11 (Royal Engineers) and WO 12 (Cavalry, Guards, Infantry and other units) series War Office records, including men serving overseas. Searching the records is free, but charges apply to view the records, although they can be viewed for free at TNA (and other institutions with a FMP subscription). Also on Findmypast is the database '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1871''', with census day 2 April 1871 and generally covering much of the June Quarter 1871, extracted from War Office army pay lists. The latest (2016/1) database released by FMP is '''British Army, Worldwide Index 1841''', created from muster rolls and pay lists between April and June 1841. As advised in the section above, there will be no records for Royal Artillery soldiers in India. ====Medal Rolls====See [[Courts-martialMedal Rolls]]. Includes information about those medal rolls available online.
====Research guides====
Note that if a record is available both in the [[Church records]] and in the [[General Register Office]] records, the latter may contain more information, at least for some time periods. By way of example, in 1903 the additional information available for a marriage record was the nationalities of the groom and bride, and the occupations of the fathers of the groom and bride.
===Courts martial and desertion===
*See [[Courts-martial]]
===Other sources===
The index to some soldiers’ wills, perhaps more likely to be officers' wills, are also available in the Probate Calendars Of England & Wales 1858-1996, in an additional section on the UK Government website, mentioned above. Also see [[Wills, Administrations, Probate and Inventories]].
For soldiers with a Scottish domicile, [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?r=554&2281 Soldiers’ Wills] are available on ScotlandsPeople. scotlandspeople.gov.uk. Free to search, but pay to view. Most are from WW1, then WW2, with very limited data for other dates.
[http://soldierswills.nationalarchives.ie/search/sw/home.jsp Soldiers Wills 1914-1918] National Archives of Ireland. Search online. The National Archives of Ireland holds over 9,000 wills of enlisted and non-commissioned soldiers domiciled in Ireland, from the thirty-two counties of Ireland, who fought in the British Army in the World War I and in the South African war of 1899-1902. The collection does not include wills of commissioned officers.
=====Soldiers’ effects records at the National Army Museum=====
====WFA WW1 pension record cards====
*[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/greatall-warabout-currentthe-wfa/wfa-news-events/pension-records/the-wfa-preserves-a-major-great-war-archive-of-6-5-million-records.html "The Western Front Association preserves a major Great War archive of 6.5 million records"] by David G Henderson 08 November 2012 **[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/all-about-the-wfa/175wfa-news-events/pension-records/2960-great-war-pension-record-cards-and-ledgers-deeper-understanding.html "Great War Pension Record Cards and Ledgers: deeper understanding"] 31 March 2013 **[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/about-the-wfaattachments/175-pension-recordsarticle/2961-pension-record-cards-manual-lookup-request/WFA%20Pension%20Records%20Cards%20Manual%20Lookup%20Request%20April%202013.html pdf Pension Record Cards: Manual Lookup Request] 31 March 2013. A fee applies. It is intended that these records be digitised in time.**[http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/all-about-the-wfa/wfa-news-events/pension-records.html More details from WFA]
====WW1 Casualty Lists====
====Prisoners of War====
===== ICRC Archives=====
*[http://grandeguerre.icrc.org Prisoners of the First World War - ICRC Archives]. Free online records of the International Committee of the Red Cross. These records may be quite complex to search, and there are many helpful hints about searching on the Great War Forum.<ref>Evers, Maureen David_Underdown et al. [http://archiver1914-1918.rootsweb.ancestryinvisionzone.com/thforums/readindex.php?/INDIAtopic/2015215376-01red-cross-records-to-go-online-4-august/1421673008 Online WW1 Red Cross records (two free datasets)to go online 4 August] ''Great War Forum'' 2 August 2014. BillyH et al. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022945/http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?/topic/242522-icrc-records-help-please/ ICRC Records - Help please] ''Rootsweb India Mailing ListGreat War Forum'' 19 January 201527 August 2016. Retrieved 20 January 201528 August 2016.</ref> There is also some information on the Long, Long Trail Forum "Researching prisoners of war".<ref> [http://www.1914-1918.org/forum/index.php Long, Long, Trail Forum]</ref> Include The records include soldiers of the Indian Army taken as POWs on the Western Front and sent to Germany.*[https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/icrc-archives/ ICRC Archives] in Geneva has records for the [[Second World War]]. However, due to other priorities, research requests were suspended from May 2016, except for requests of a humanitarian nature.
=====Other=====
*[[Findmypast|findmypast]] includes a database "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945" and also a similar "Browse" database (both located in Armed forces & conflict/Regimental & service records) which appears to contain some contains records from The National Archives , including selected FO 383records, including some for Indian Army soldiers.The records included are detailed in this [http://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/prisoners-of-war-1715-1945 findmypast link].====Medal Rolls1911 England and Wales Census====See British Army personnel in India, together with their families appeared for the first time in an England and Wales Census in 1911. The 1911 Census is available on the pay websites [[Medal Rollsfindmypast]], Ancestry and perhaps other pay sites. This [http://discovery.nationalarchives. Includes gov.uk/browse/r/h/C90811 National Archives] catalogue entry shows the regiments that were included in the 1911 Census. The items (17 in total) are RG 14/34978-34992, 34995, 34997. However, it is probable there were other regiments in India at this time. The census was taken on the night of Sunday 2 April, 1911. Note however, there are is at least one known instance of a soldier and his family known to be in the British Army in India at the time of the census, whose names do not appeat in the census, another indication that the data may not be complete. The 1911 Census also includes similar information about those medal rolls for other British Army overseas bases, and returns from ships of the Royal Navy at sea and in ports abroad.=====1911 Scotland Census=====*In Scotland, the Census was also taken on the night of Sunday 2 April 1911 and records are available online on the pay website [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?r=554&2064 ScotlandsPeople]. Records for previous censuses in Scotland are available on [[findmypast]], Ancestry, etc.=====1911 and 1901 Ireland Census=====*[http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie Census of Ireland 1901/1911] The National Archives of Ireland. Free onlinerecords. The 1901 census was taken on 31st March 1901and the 1911 census was taken on 2 April 1911.
====[[National Army Museum]]====
The National Army Museum's website includes the following Information Sheets which also refer to sources at other institutions
Generally arranged by Electoral District. Mainly contain military personnel, but also men and women who were engaged in war-related work who were still living away from home. Sources are major libraries and record offices nearest to the place in question. Some of these records are available online. The [[London Metropolitan Archives]] holds some AVLs to 1939.<ref>[https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/london-metropolitan-archives/visitor-information/Documents/10-electoral-registers-at-london-metropolitan-archives.pdf Electoral registers at London Metropolitan Archives: Information Leaflet Number 10]</ref>, however it appears that information such as a serviceman’s rank, unit and number, only appeared initially for a few years.<ref>[http://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/britain-absent-voters-lists-1918-1921 Scroll to Discover more about these records] findmypast</ref> Note however these lists appear to have contained some errors when first compiled.<ref>Reeves, Terry. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=234798&p=2362732 Compilation of Absent Voters Lists] ''Great War Forum'' 6 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.</ref>
*[http://mlfhs.org.uk/guides/researching_absent_voters.pdf Absent Voter Lists]. Guide by Manchester & Lancashire Family History Society. May 2015
*[http://www.1914longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/how-to-research-1918.neta-soldier/finding-soldiers-through-the-1918-absent-voters-lists/avl.html Finding soldiers through the 1918 Absent Voters Lists] 1914-1918longlongtrail.co.netuk
In October 2015, [[Findmypast|findmypast]] introduced a database "Britain, Absent Voters Lists 1918-1921" (located in Census, Land & Surveys/Electoral Rolls), based on records from the British Library. The coverage is set out in [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/articles/britain-absent-voters-constituency-list?_ga=1.75209553.2135388719.1444195952 Britain, Absent Voters Constituency List]. Data additional to the initial release is expected to be added. There is also a stand alone "Kent, Bromley Absent Voters List 1918". In July 2016 an associated dataset"Britain, Absent Voters Lists 1918-1921 Browse" was introduced to enable browsing through the records.
Ancestry currently (December 2015) contains one database, Birmingham, [[British Army#Miscellaneous online sources|see below]].
***"Royal Naval Division Records 1914-1919" and "Royal Naval Division Service Records 1914-1920". The Royal Naval Division transferred from the authority of the Admiralty to the War Office on 29 April 1916.
***Databases based on the publications ''The Bond of Sacrifice; a Biographical Record of all British officers who fell in the Great War'' (2 Volumes), ''Soldiers Died in the Great War 1914-19'' (80 Volumes, HMSO) and "Officers Died in the Great War 1914-19" (the latter two, one database), and ''The Roll of Honour. A biographical record of all members of His Majesty's naval and military forces who have fallen in the war'' by the Marquis De Ruvigny (5 Volumes). Databases 2 and 3 are also available on Ancestry.
***Database based on the publication ''Ireland's Memorial Records, 1914-1918: being the names of Irishmen who fell in the Great European War'' ( 8 Volumes). The findmypast database is "Ireland's Memorial Record: World War 1: 1914-1918 ", and there is similar database on Ancestry "Ireland, Casualties of World War I, 1914-1922 ".
***"British Jewry Book Of Honour, 1914-1920"
***"British Army, Deserters and Absentees In Police Gazette 1914-1919". Selected dates only, not a complete range.<ref>Stewart, Graham. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=230741&p=2296337 New on Findmypast - Deserters and Absentees, Police Gazette, 1914-1919] ''Great War Forum'' 15 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015</ref>
== Conditions and activities==
=== Enlistment term===
From the end of the Napoleonic Wars until 1847, men were enlisted for twenty-one years, practically for life. From 1847 enlistment was for ten years, later increased to twelve; with a pension after twenty one years for extended service. From 1870, as part of the Caldwell Reforms, “short service” was introduced, where men enlisted for a period of time in the Army, the balance of time in the reserves (total twelve years). The standard term varied over time, including six and six, seven and five, three and nine, nine and three years, <ref> grumpy. [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=6122 1870: Short Service] ''Victorian Wars Forum'' 17 October 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2016. <br> QGE. [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?/topic/243429-cavalry-terms-of-engagement-1902-1914/&do=findComment&comment=2448106 Cavalry: Terms of Engagement 1902-1914] ''Great War Forum'' 27 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.</ref> but terms may have been modified for regiments going to India.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=TS19000303.2.59 The British Army. (By The Right Hon Sir Charles W. Dilke)] ''The Star'' , Issue 6734, 3 March 1900, Page 7 Papers Past, National Library of New Zealand.</ref>
===Wives and families travelling to India===
For soldiers deployed from Britain to overseas garrisons only a proportion of men were allowed to be accompanied by their wives. For most countries the proportion was six wives per one hundred soldiers. However for India, and Australia, the ratio was twelve wives per one hundred men, including NCOs. The number of children was unlimited.<ref>Fuller, Tony [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/india/2000-08/0966007649 Women on ships – again] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'' 11 August 2000. (The author was researching at the Tower Hamlets Library). Retrieved 17 February 2015</ref>
==External links==
===Encyclopedia articles===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army History of the British Army] ''Wikipedia''
===Other===
*[http://archivewww.sandhurstcollectionawin1.cocom/awclick.uk/ The Cadet and Staff Registers of the Sandhurst Collectionphp?mid=2114&id=201071 findmypast]. The registers show the details for almost every officer cadet that attended the Royal Military Academy Woolwich and Royal Military College Sandhurst, England*[http://www.angelfirevictorianwars.comVictorian Wars Forum]*[http:/mp/memorials1914-1918.invisionzone.com/memindz1.htm Stephen Lewis' Soldiers MemorialsGreat War Forum] lists NCO and other ranks graves in India by surname, amongst other memorials. *[http://wwwww2talk.redcoat.infocom/memindex3index.htm Officers Diedphp WW2Talk Forum] is the equivalent commissioned ranks site.
*[http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080116091340/www.regiments.org/nations/europe/uk.htm Regiments.org (Archived Site)], see archived versions of a [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080118041521/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/bargxrefn.htm Numeric list of British Army Regiments] and [http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20071218044939/www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/ba1881.htm 1881 Regiments].
*[http://www.britisharmedforces.org/pages/nat_regiments.htm Army Regiments] from [http://www.britisharmedforces.org/index.htm British Armed Forces & National Service]. Includes details of deployments
**[http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/ancestor.htm Ancestor Research & Military Genealogy]
:[https://www.gov.uk/search-local-archives Locate a local archives] England and Wales only. gov.uk. Some regimental archives are located in local archives, not at the regimental museum.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111130053326/http://orbat.com/site/history/1900-38/index.html Historical Orders of Battle and TOEs 1900-1938]. Includes British Army and Indian Army. orbat.com, now archived.
:[https://web.archive.org/web/20080831052956/http://orbat.com/site/history/1939-45/index.html Historical Orders of Battle and TOEs 1939-1945], Includes British Army and Indian Army. orbat.com, now archived.
**[http://armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com/2009/07/army-service-numbers-1881-1918-index.html Army Service Numbers 1881-1918: Index] armyservicenumbers.blogspot.com
**[http://www.1914-1918.net/renumbering20.htm Renumbering of the army in 1920] 1914-1918.net. Introduced by Army Order 338 of August 1920. A seven-digit number was issued in 1920 to all men then serving in regular or Territorial units. Once issued, the man retained the same number irrespective of his transfers and postings within the army. Generally the new numbers did not have prefixes but the Royal Army Service Corps was an exception. RASC numbers were prefixed S (Supplies), T (Transport), M (Mechanical Transport) or R (Remounts).
*[http://archive.sandhurstcollection.co.uk/ The Cadet and Staff Registers of the Sandhurst Collection]. The registers show the details for almost every officer cadet that attended the Royal Military Academy Woolwich and Royal Military College Sandhurst, England
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131117052045/http://www.hargreave-mawson.demon.co.uk/46thmen.html 46th Foot.com] includes a detailed account of the 1834 attestation of a private, Frederick Crosland.
*[http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm Stephen Lewis' Soldiers Memorials] lists NCO and other ranks graves in India by surname, amongst other memorials. [http://www.redcoat.info/memindex3.htm Officers Died] is the equivalent commissioned ranks site.
*[http://www.britishmedals.us/kevin/intro.html The Asplin Military History Resources], about British Army history in the Victorian era, includes pages relevant to the British Army in India.
*[http://www.ceylondatabase.net/military.html International Ceylon Database: Military] from Kyle Joustra’s [http://www.ceylondatabase.net/Genealogy.html website]. Includes lists of names by regiment.
*[http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India.html Soldiers of the Queen: The Jewel in the Crown]. Photographs of soldiers in India, Ceylon,The North-West Frontier Afghanistan. Includes [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India-TwoPrivatesaServantaDogandaMonkey.html Two Privates with a servant and pets], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/india-SergeantEdgarJobEvansandWife.html Sergeant E. J. Evans in the tropical version of his regimental "Mess Dress" uniform, with wife], [http://www.soldiersofthequeen.com/India-ArtillerySergeantandFamily.html Artillery Sergeant and family c 1900]
*[http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/tommyatkins.htm Tommy Atkins]. A series of five articles including [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsdomestic/atkinsdomestic.html "The Domestic Life of Tommy Atkins"], [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/flipbook/atkinsmarried/atkinsmarried.html "Tommy Atkins Married"], about aspects of life in the Army in the late Victorian period.<ref> Originally published in ''The Redan'', journal of The Palmerston Forts Society, three articles by Duncan Williams , (originally published in 1999-2001 (issues 46, 50, 53)) and two articles by David Moore (issues 72,74). From the website [http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/index.htm Victorian Forts and Artillery].</ref> These articles in turn include quotes from a series of articles which appeared in ''Navy and Army Illustrated'' commencing in June 1898 which gave insight into the life of an ordinary soldier.
*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09612020000200233 "‘Delicate duties’: issues of class and respectability in government policy towards the wives and widows of British soldiers in the era of the great war"] by Janis Lomas ''Women's History Review'', 9:1, 2000 pages 123-147. For rank and file soldiers, “on the strength” widows pensions applied from 1901, and “off the strength” widows pensions applied from the beginning of the First World War.
*The National Archives [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts podcasts] have a [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/military-history.htm military history] category including
**[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/podcasts/sahib.htm Sahib, the British soldier in India, 1750 – 1914] by Professor Richard Holmes
*''The Royal Military Calendar, Or Army Service and Commission Book: Containing the Services and Progress of Promotion of the Generals, Lieutenant-generals, Major-generals, Colonels, Lieutenant-colonels, and Majors of the Army, According to Seniority: with Details of the Principal Military Events of the Last Century Third Edition'' by John Philippart 1820 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ETmnfShFw-8C&pg=PR1 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vg6zfusHsSAC&pg=RA1-PR3 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uQt4PleGb8QC&pg=PP11 Volume 3], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bNbre3lCAawC&pg=PP11 Volume 4], [http://books.google.com/books?id=e_BhWkIKNUoC&pg=PP15 Volume 5]
*''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue. Archive.org. This [http://www.naval-military-press.com/fortescue-s-history-of-the-british-army-complete-set-20-volumes-including-six-separate-map-volumes..html link]<ref>Naval and Military Press</ref> describes the contents of the volumes.
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 2, 1713 to 1763] (1899), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 3, 1763-1793] (1911), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 4, 1789-1801] (1906), [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II 1789-1801] (1906), [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritis05fort Volume 5, 1803-1807] (1910) with [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis05fort#page/n465/mode/1up Maps], [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritis06fort Volume 6, 1807-1809] (1910), with [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis06fort#page/n480/mode/1up Maps], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7, 1809-1810] (1912), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish08fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 8, 1811-1812] (1917), [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish09fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 9, 1813-1814] (1920), [http://dliwww.sercnew.iiscdli.ernet.in/handle/2015/209324 Maps And Plans Vol. 9] (1920) Pdf download, Digital Library of India.[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish10fortuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 10, 1814-1815] (1920), [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish11fort Volume 11, 1815-1838] ( 1923) With [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish11fort#page/n566/mode/1up Maps]. [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish12fort Volume 12, 1839-1852] ( 1927) (Maps were in a separate volume). [http://dliwww.sercnew.iiscdli.ernet.in/handle/2015/236131 Volume 13, 1852-1870] (1930) Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/historyofbritishmap13fort Maps and Plans for Volume 13)] (Two maps of India appear to be missing).**Relating to India: [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up Volume 2, page 167], [http://archive.org/stream/historyofbritish02fortuoft#page/170/mode/2up First British troops to land in India p 171]; [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish03fortuoft#page/48/mode/2up Volume 3 page 49], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritish04fortuoft#page/402/mode/2up Volume 4 page 402], [http://www.archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish00fortgoog#page/n137/mode/2up Volume 4, Part II, page 711], Volume 5, 1803 to 1807, includes detailed treatment of the situation and operations in the East Indies and Ceylon, [https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritis06fort#page/40/mode/2up Volume 6 page 40], [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofbritis07fortuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 7 page 563], Volume 11, 1815-1838, includes the War with Nepal, the Pindari War, the War in Ceylon and the War with Burma. Volume 12, 1839-52. This volume is mainly concerned with India, and covers operations in Afghanistan and on the Khyber Pass, together with internal security operations in India itself. Volume 13, 1852-1870, includes the Indian Mutiny.
*''British Battles on Land and Sea'' by James Grant. First published c 1873 [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091765655 Volume I: to 1743] [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091765663 Volume II: 1745-1826]. [https://archive.org/details/recentbritishba00grangoog ''Recent British Battles on Land and Sea''] [1875-1884] by James Grant 1884. Later called Volume IV. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/afamiliarhistor00stocgoog ''A Familiar History of the British Army, from the Restoration in 1660 to the Present Time''] by J H Stocqueler 1871 Archive.org
*''Her Majesty's Army; a descriptive account of the various regiments now comprising the Queen's forces, from their first establishment to the present time'', by Walter Richards. First published 1887. Stated on the title page to be “In Four Divisions”, this appears to consist of Volumes I and II, each in two Parts. Although there are references to coloured illustrations, these appear to be missing in most of the digital files. [https://archive.org/details/hermajestysarmyd01richuoft Volume I: [Division I<nowiki>]</nowiki>] to page 176. [https://archive.org/details/hermajestysarmyd02richuoft Division II] pages 177-352. [https://archive.org/details/hermajestysarmyd03richuoft Division III] to page 176, Volume II. [https://archive.org/details/hermajestysarmyd04richuoft Division IV] pages 177-348. The last volume includes [https://archive.org/stream/hermajestysarmyd04richuoft#page/349/mode/1up Index], [https://archive.org/stream/hermajestysarmyd04richuoft#page/n186/mode/1up Contents Volume I], [https://archive.org/stream/hermajestysarmyd04richuoft#page/n193/mode/2up Contents: Volume II]. Alternative file: [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3113623?urlappend=%3Bseq=15 Volume II] (complete). Does contain Illustrations. Hathi Trust Digital Library. There is also another digital file available, titled [https://archive.org/details/hermajestysarmyd02rich Volume II] which appears to consist pages 241-352 of Volume I, together with [https://archive.org/stream/hermajestysarmyd02rich#page/n122/mode/1up Volume II page 1-128] This volume includes [https://archive.org/stream/hermajestysarmyd02rich#page/n57/mode/1up Illustration: The 68th – Durham Light Infantry]
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/284894 ''The British Army : its regimental records, badges, devices, etc.''] by Major J.H. Lawrence-Archer 1888. Pdf download. Digital Library of India.
*''The British Army and Auxiliary Forces'' by Colonel C. Cooper-King, late Professor of Tactics, Royal Military College 1893. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84273974/f11.image Volume I], [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84274057/f13.image Volume II] With 132 Illustrations. Gallica gallica.bnf.fr. Catalogued with the subject category "costume militaire", military uniforms.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofscottis00murrrich#page/n5/mode/2up ''History of the Scottish regiments in the British Army''] by Arch. K. Murray 1862 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/lecturesontactic00dykerich ''Lectures on Tactics for Officers of the Army, Militia and Volunteers''] by Lieut.-Colonel F H Dyke. Fifth edition (updated) 1891 Archive.org. Also includes a section on Organisation.
*[https://archive.org/details/manualofmilitary00greauoft ''Manual of Military Law. War Office 1907''], published by HMSO. Archive.org. [https://archive.org/stream/manualofmilitary00greauoft#page/n11/mode/2up Contents], [https://archive.org/stream/manualofmilitary00greauoft#page/712/mode/2up Index]. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112105403002?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 ''Manual of Military Law. War Office, 1914. Reprinted 1917''], HMSO. Hathi Trust Digital Library. [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112105403002?urlappend=%3Bseq=17 Contents], [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112105403002?urlappend=%3Bseq=849 Index].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150320013811/http://historyoffashiondesign.com/part-13-date-unknown-the-cutters-practical-guide-to-cutting-making-all-kinds-of-british-military-uniforms ''Part 13 The Cutter’s Practical Guide to Cutting & Making all kinds of British Military Uniforms'']. Pages from an undated publication, but known to be close to 1902.<ref>Frogsmile [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=225848&p=2241295 Where can I buy a sewing pattern for officer's tunic?] ''Great War Forum'' 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015</ref> Pages 2-4 are about rank badges, including those for NCOs, with illustrations. historyoffashiondesign.com, now an archived page. Pages may be slow to appear. Click on pages to enlarge.
*[https://archive.org/details/trumpetbuglesoun00ingl ''Trumpet and bugle sounds for the army: with instructions for the training of trumpeters and buglers''] HMSO 1914 Archive.org
**[http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks13/1306081h.html#ch20 "The Buglers"] from ''Smithy Abroad: Barrack-Room Sketches'' by Edgar Wallace 1909 Project Gutenberg Australia
