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The '''Sutlej Bridge''' was also known as , which on inauguration in 1878 became the '''Empress Bridge''' near Bahawalpur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). The bridge, which opened in 1887, carried was also known as the [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|broad gauge(BG)]] [[North Western Railway]](NWR) over the River Sutlej between [[Ferozepore]] ''(see note)'Adamwahan Bridge''' and [[Kazur]].

The bridge carried the [[Scinde, Punjaub & Delhi Indus Valley State Railway]](SP&DRIVSR) had in 1883 opened the [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|broad gauge(BG)]] branch from and linked [[RaiwindBahawalpur]] on the ‘Lahore via Raiwind to Khanewa Section’ Mainline to and [[KazurAdamwahan]] and on to Hussainiwala (on the northern bank of over the Sutlej River Sutlej). The opening of the bridge was opened in 1887 linked 1878 and completed the link between [[FerozeporeKotri]] to the NWR network and [[Mooltan|Mooltan((SP&DR had marged into NWR in 1886Multan)]].

The bridge over opening of the 'Empress Bridge' completed the rail BG connection from the River Sutlej was built on twenty-seven brick piers, carried a railway line fifteen feet broad and a cart road port of eighteen feet, flanked by footpaths. <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1881.22271 "The Empress Bridge over [Karachi]] to [[Lahore]] ''(With the Sutlej" by James Richard Bell M.Inst.C.E. Paper No 1682; Minutes exception of the Proceedings crossing of the Institution Indus River in Upper Sind between the towns of Civil Engineers Volume 65 ,published 1881, page 242[[Sukkur]; Retrieved on 20 Apr 2016</ref><ref>] and [[http://wwwRohri]].kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_sketches_40.htm "The Kipling Society - The Sutlej This crossing was provided by a steam ferry that transported eight wagons at a time and remained operational until the opening of the [[Lansdowne Bridge"]; Retrieved on 20 Apr 2016</ref>] in 1889.)''

The Engineer-in-Charge of IVSR, which included the construction ‘Empress Bridge’, was [[William St. John Galwey]], assisted merged with other railways in 1873 by [[Hugh Lewin Monk]] from January 1886 to form the [[Public Works DepartmentNorth Western Railway]](PWDNWR) Railway Branch of PWD.

The Engineer‘Empress Bridge’ was the first rail bridge to span the Sutlej River ''(Until the opening of the [[Kaisir-ini-Chief of the Firozpur (Empress) Hind Bridge in 1885-86 ]] some 110 miles upstream which was opened by the [[Robert Trefusis MalletNorth Western Railway]] from the PWD <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA560 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 560 (pdf page 523] Retrieved on 26 May 2016</ref>.NWR) in 1887)''

==Design Specification==[[File:Indus Valley State Railway ‘River Sutlej above and below Empress Bridge’.png|thumb|Indus Valley State Railway Railway ‘Survey of River Sutlej above and below Empress Bridge, March 1877’ showing River Training Works]]The bridge was later re-named to consist of 16 spans of 264 feet between centres, 250 feet in the '''Kaisir-i-Hind Bridge''' (Empress clear. The piers and abutments to be founded each on three cylinders of India brickwork 18 feet 9 inches diameter arrange in Hindi) line, sunk to a depth of 100 feet below the dry weather water level. In 1874 the basic work of clearing and setting up the base from which to work was completed and 6 foundations 3 on each side were laid. These comprised of 18 wells. Each of the subject of piers was designated a report “The Protection-Works letter 17 in all from A to R the length of the Kaisir-i-Hind Bridge over bridge is 4224 feet the River Sutlej, near Ferozepore” delivered to width of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1903. river 2 ½ miles <refname=IOR451722>[http:British Library IOR/V/www.icevirtuallibrary.com24/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1903.18013 Institution of Civil Engineers “The Protection-Works 3590 “Administration Report on the construction of the Kaisir-i-Hind Bridge over the River SutlejIndus Valley Railway” pages 4, 5, near Ferozepore”17, March 1903] Retrieved on 20 Jul 201622 </ref>.

==Empress Bridge Training Works TramwayConstruction==In 1913 emergency river training works The initial designs were carried out by based on using the 'Punjab irrigation Department'be metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) and trial walls were made in 1872., Bahawalpur District. A 2ft 6in/762mm narrow Construction commenced in 1873 but in 1874 it was decided to change the entire IVSR line to 5-foot 6inches broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_GaugeBroad_Gauge|NGBG]]) temporary tramway was used . After a small hiatus to redesign for BG the work continued and 7 more foundations were built. A contract for the Girder work had been entered into with two firms in England, who shipped the girders out to transport stone India. The violent oscillations from a stone store which the River Sutlej at Adamwahan had been comparatively free for two seasons this year the violent floods the main stream moved from the P-Q span to Q-R and scoured along the riverwest bank. The girder work started to arrive from England to Adamwahan in December 1876. It is unknown if locomotives Problems with the Flotilla meant that some of the spans were used <ref name =PP01>“Industrial Railways re-routed via Bombay and Locomotives of India Calcutta and South Asia” compiled transferred by Simon Darvillrail. Published by ‘The Industrial Railway Society’ 2013. ISBN 978 1 901556 82-7. Available at http://irsshop.co.uk/IndiaBy March 13 spans had arrived and put into place. Reference: Entry PP01 page ....</ref>.. ''Note the records for 1913 still describe this The bridge was completed by March 1878 and tested where there was hardly any movement as the 'Empress Bridge' '' a train passed back and forward.

''Spelling note'' ==Sutlej Bridge Construction Tramway==*Supplies were carried for the [[FerozeporeSutlej Bridge]] is the spelling given in the by a metre gauge([[Imperial Gazetteer of IndiaRail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]] <ref>)and was operated by 3 MG tank locomotives and initially 10 wagons with 150 more wagons manufactured at [[http://dsalAdamwahan]].uchicagoA large timber depot with steam swing machinery was also set up at Hamdi.edu/reference/gazetteer/pagerIn 1875 this was extended to 63 miles(100km) of MG tramway to the ‘Sutlej Bridge’.html?objectid=DS405The line was now being operated by 5 tank engines with 70 wagons and more added as the 150 became available.1.I34_V12_101.gif Imperial Gazetteer When in 1876 the tramway was finished it had carried 50,000 tons of stone for the bridge, 4,600 tons of iron permanent way material, 6,000 tons of sleepers, 15,000 tons of Indiamiscellaneous material, v. 12and 20, p000 tons of ballast. 95]; Retrieved 4 Sept 2016</ref> which we take The equipment was dismantled and transferred to be construct the definitive form.*Ferozpore is used in some references*Ferozepur is used in some documents*Firozpur is the modern spelling used on maps [[Indus Valley State Railway - Survey and in Wikipedia Construction# IVSR Construction Tramways|IVSR ’ Ghotki Tramway’]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firozpur Wikipedia "Firozpur"]; Retrieved 4 Sept 2016<name=IOR451722/ref>.

==RemarkSutlej Bridge Temporary Construction Bridge==The [[Ferozepore Steam Tramway]] At the Sutlej Bridge ''(as it was prior to inauguration) '' a temporary steam tramway wooden bridge was constructed so that opened loaded trains could be run out to the works in 1885 and crossed the River Sutlej by using a river. His bridge of boats connecting was to be taken down each flood season and put back when the work started again. The [[FerozeporePunjab Northern Railway]] station of supplied steam lifting equipment, but it was worn out and caused much trouble, it had insufficient power to lift the heavy tools to cut through the heavy clay especially the [[North Western Railway]](NWR) newly designed cutting tool invented on site to do this work. The temporary bridge took 30 days to build at the village beginning of Ganda Singh Bandar to connect the construction year, but on the 12th February 1877 an unexpected flood swept it away in took 10 days to restore it. During the NWR line from [[Lahore]] season over200,000 tons of stone were hauled across it <ref>[http://www.irfca.org/docs/locolists/industrial/display.php?filename=TramwayLightRail.txt&title=Tramways%20and%20Light%20Rail Tramways and Light Rails by Simon Darvill, August 2004]; Retrieved 4 Sept 2016<IOR451722/ref>.

==Inaugeration==On 7th June 1878 a train of 22 carriages left [[Lahore]] at 8.15 p.m. bound for Adamwahan, stopping at [[Mooltan]] at 5.30 a.m. after an hour stop it continued to Adamwahan. Here they found the town decorated in celebration and a large banner with Sutlej Bridge flying over the entrance. During the opening speeches the Sir Andrew <ref name=IOR451722/> on behalf of the Viceroy and the Empress stated that that Queen Victoria had given permission for the bridge to be named the ‘Empress Bridge’ A picture in Getty Images shows the bridge on opening day with the remains of the tramway used for the construction.*[http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/illustration/the-empress-bridge-across-the-river-sutlej-the-indus-stock-graphic/681884351 Getty Images “The Empress Bridge across the River Sutlej, the Indus Valley Railway, India, illustration from the magazine The tramway was closed Graphic, volume XVIII, no 464, October 19, 1878”] The opening party consisted of <ref>British Library IOR/V/24/3590 “Administration Report on the construction of the Indus Valley Railway” Appendix A page (ii) </ref>:-* Mr [[Middleton Rayne]], the Engineer-in 1887-88 with Chief of the opening Indus Valley State Railway* Sir Andrew Clarke, Minister of Public Works*Colonel Peile, R.E., the Director of State Railways, Western System* Mr. Molesworth, Major Grey, Colonel Medley, Mr. Mundote and others ''(none identified)''Other engineers were mentioned during the address by Mr Rayne*[[William St. John Galwey]], Engineer-in-Charge of construction of the Empress Bridge.* [[Hugh Lewin Monk]] his young engineer assistant. *Captain Sparkes, Captain Wither, Mr Baxter, Mr Graham ''(none identified)''* Mr Tait and Mr Moyle - young officers of the College of Engineering*Mr McInerny - Carriage Building Department*Mr Windmill - Foreman of Workshops*Mr Bewell - Construction*Mr McPherson – In charge of Riveting*Mr DeSilva and Mr O’Shaugnessey – Riveting assistants ==Empress Bridge 1913 River Works Tramway==In 1913 emergency river training works were carried out by the 'Punjab irrigation Department' ., Bahawalpur District. A 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) temporary tramway was used to transport stone from a stone store to the river. It is unknown if locomotives were used <ref name =PP01>“Industrial Railways and Locomotives of India and South Asia” compiled by Simon Darvill. Published by ‘The Industrial Railway Society’ 2013. ISBN 978 1 901556 82-7. Available at http://irsshop.co.uk/India. Reference: Entry PP01 page ....</ref>..  ==External References==*[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1881.22271 "The Empress Bridge over the River Sutlej connecting " by James Richard Bell M.Inst.C.E. Paper No 1682; Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Volume 65 ,published 1881, page 242]*[http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_sketches_40.htm "The Kipling Society - The Sutlej Bridge”] ==Further Information==See '''[[FerozeporeIndus Valley State Railway]] directly by the NWR line ''' for period up to 1887 then '''[[ LahoreNorth Western Railway]].'''