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The '{{Line Railways Infobox|image= Madras Central Station.jpg|caption= ''Madras Central RailwayStation''' was |route= [[Madras]] to [[Bangalore]]<br>[[Madras]] to [[Raichur]]<br>[[Madras]] to [[Waltair]] ([[Vizagapatam]])<br>[[Jalarpet]] to [[Mangalore]]|gauge1= Broad gauge|gauge1details= 904 miles (1905)|gauge2= Broad gauge|gauge2details= 497 miles (1905) - North East line|gauge3= |gauge3details= |gauge4= |gauge4details=|timeline1date= 1845|timeline1details= Company formed in 1845 although its first |timeline2date= 1856|timeline2details= First section of line, from open to traffic|timeline3date= 1889|timeline3details= Branch line [[Calicut-Azikhal Railway]] opened|timeline4date= 1907|timeline4details= Line acquired by State|timeline5date= 1908|timeline5details= [[Jalarpet]] to [[Mangalore]] transferred to [[South Indian Railway]]|presidency= [[Madras]] to |stations= [[ArcotBezwada]], was not opened to traffic until 1 July 1856. In 1859[[Calicut]], its object was given as "the construction and working of a railway from Madras to the western coast at [[BeyporeCoimbatore]], with branches to [[BangaloreErode]] and the , [[Neilgherries; also of a line from MadrasGuntakal]], ''via'' [[BellaryNellore]], to join the line from [[BombayRajahmundry]] - total, about 820 miles."1[[Renigunta]]|system1date= |system1details= Own agnecy|system2date=|system2details= |system3date=|system3details= }}
== Characteristics ==[[File: Madras Railway Map 1909, north section.png|thumb| Madras Railway Map 1909, north section]][[File: Madras Railway Map 1909, south section.png|thumb| Madras Railway Map 1909, south section]]
Headquartered in Madras, whence its lines radiated, the ==First Company Formation==The '''Madras Railway Company'''(MR) was built to incorporated on 8 May 1845 <ref>[[broad guagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_India#1832%E2%80%931852:_Industrial_railways Wikipedia ‘History of Rail Transport in India’]]. It was ; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref> and the prospectus stated “the securing the introduction of the last [[guaranteed railway]] system into the territories under the presidency of Madras .... to fall depute to Government ownership (31 December 1907)India a skilful engineer ... In 1908, it merged with the [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] two engineer officers ... to form the suggest some feasible line of moderate length as an experiment for railway communication in India”<ref>[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]] (MSMR)https://books. The Government took over the management of the MSMR on 1 April 1944google. On 14 April 1951fr/books?id=6WhDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA639&lpg=PA639&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books ‘Allen's Indian Mail,’ 1845, MSMR together with the [[South Indian Railwaypage 639]] and the [[Mysore State Railway]] became the Southern Railway of Indian Railways; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref>.
There are no Staff agreements held at The following have been identified from various sources:-*[[Henry Burdett Hederstedt]], date unspecified but probably in the early 1860's for a short time, Madras Railway, 'joined the staff' <ref name=biog>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1915.16286 Institution of Civil Engineers "Obituary Henry Burdett Hederstedt"] Retrieved on 21 Jul 2016</ref>, he later moved on to [[British LibraryOudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] , Chief Engineer,.*[[Frederick Charles Bullmore]],1865 appointed to 'Madras Railway'. He was successively engaged in superintending the construction of three districts of the North-West line, aggregating a length of 40 miles, and was in 1867 promoted from the fourth to the third class. 1877 he re-entered service and was employed until his decease in 1887 in the maintenance of various divisions <ref>[https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_Charles_Bullmore Grace's Guide 'Frederick Charles Bullmore']; Retrieved 3 Apr 2020</ref>.*[[Henry Thomas Geoghegan]], from the [[Public Works Department]] was in 1885 posted as Superintending Engineer for the Madras State Railway Survey <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA501 Google Books " India List and India Office RecordsList, 1905" page 501 (pdf page 464)] Retrieved on 30 May 2016</ref>.*[[Henry James Oddie]], from the PWD was in 1890 posted as Executive Engineer <ref> India Civil List 1890, page 41</ref>.*[[A M Saunders]], Agent and Manager Madras Railway 1879 and 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]*[[F H Trevithick]], Locomotive Superintendent Madras railway 1880 [[Indian_Railway_Conference_Association#Railway_Conference| ‘Railway Conference’ delegate]]
1 "Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.== References ==<references />
‘Major Stations Infobox ‘ revised
{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|timeline1date=
|timeline1details=
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details=
|timeline5date= 1907
|timeline5details= Merged with [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] to form [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]
|company1=
|company1details= [[Madras Railway]]
|company2=
|company2details= [[Kolar Gold Fields Railway]]
|company3= 1903
|company3details= [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]]
|company4=
|company4details= [[Shoranur-Cochin Railway]]
|company5=
|company5details=
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Madras]]
|workshop= [[Madras]], [[Perambur|Perambore]], Podanur <br>''See'' [[M&SMR Railway Workshops]]
|stations= '''[[Madras]] ''', [[Bezwada]], [[Bangalore]], [[Calicut]], [[Cochin]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Erode]], [[Guntakal]], [[Mangalore]], [[Nellore]], [[Ootacamund]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Renigunta]]
''See also separate page'' [[Madras_Railways_%26_Stations#Madras_Stations| ''' Madras Stations''']] ''for details''
|system1date= 1951
|system1details= [[Southern Railway]] {IR zone)
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details=
|gauge1= Broad gauge
|gauge1details= 1411 miles (1905)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 82 miles (1905)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= [[Madras Railway Volunteers]]
}}
The proposal was for an initial 70 mile line between [[Madras]] and the military base at [[Arcot]]. [[Robert Stephenson]] agreed to act as Consulting Engineer based in London. The subsequent recession removed the financial incentive for railways in India and the Madras scheme was dissolved the following year
<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=BzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books “Robert Stephenson – The Eminent Engineer” edited by Michael R. Bailey; page 155-57]; Retrieved 4 May 2020</ref>.
==Second Company Formation==
The '''Madras Railway Company'''(MR) was formed provisionally in July 1852 to acquire lands in the “East Indies” and to construct and work a railway or railways in that territory. In December of that year the railway company contracted with the [[East India Company]] to construct and maintain an “experimental line of railway” from [[Madras]] to (or towards) the west coast of India.
<ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228649/8330.pdf H.M. Government “Statute Law Repeals: Nineteenth Report : Draft Statute Law (Repeals) Bill; April 2012"; pages 130-132, paragraphs 3.65-3.73] Retrieved on 5 May 2020</ref>
The Chief Engineer from 1853-6 was [[George Barclay Bruce]]. "He had then laid out and partly constructed about 500 miles of the Madras railway, he developed a system of carrying out works without contractors using direct labour. Also he developed the brick wells sunk by native divers system to construct the [[Poiney Viaduct]], a major hurdle on the route <ref >[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/George_Barclay_Bruce Grace's Guide "George Barclay Bruce"]; Retrieved on 24 Jun 2016</ref>. .
The first section of line, from [[Madras]] to [[Arcot]], was not opened to traffic until 1 July 1856.
In 1859, its object was given as "the construction and working of a railway from Madras to the western coast at [[Beypore]], with branches to [[Bangalore]] and the [[Neilgherries]]; also of a line from Madras, ''via'' [[Bellary]], to join the line from [[Bombay]] - total, about 820 miles." <ref>"Money Market and City Intelligence", ''The Times'', Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.1</ref>
== History ==
Headquartered in Madras, whence its lines radiated, the Madras Railway was built to Broad Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]).
The [[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Progress_on_State_lines._Paragraphs_5-10.3B_Pages_3-4| “1870-71 Annual Report for Indian Railways for the Madras Railway“]] gives:- [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|
‘Broad Gauge (BG)]] Line sanctioned 862 miles(1387km), Line opened 1870/71 125 miles(201km),
giving total Line length 832 miles(1339km) and 30 miles(48km) to be finished’. The Report also details the
[[1870-71_Report_on_Railways#Madras_Railway._Paragraphs_65.2C66.3B_Page_35|‘progress of the railway and the commercial summery’]] - ''see separate pages for Report details.''
In 1887, July-September, the engineer [[Charles Albert Bull]] is recorded as being deployed from the Railway Branch of the [[Public Works Department]] to undertake a survey, this would be to continue the expansion of the MR network.
In 1901 the southern part of [[East Coast State Railway]](ECSR), renamed [[Madras (North-East) Railway]] was transferred to MR.
It was the last [[Guaranteed Railways|guaranteed railway]] to fall to Government of India ([[Government of India |GoI]]) ownership (31 December 1907).
On 1 Jan 1908, the northern portion (ie the north east, north west and [[Bangalore]] branches) was merged with the [[Southern Mahratta Railway]](SMR) to form the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]](M&SMR). The southern section of [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] section, became part of the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR).
The [[Government of India |GoI]] took over the management of the M&SMR on 1 April 1944.
On 14 April 1951, M&SMR together with SIR and MSR became [[Southern Railway]], a zone of [[Indian Railways]].
==Madras Railway - Construction and Bridges==
[[Madras Railway Bridges and Constructions|'''Madras Railway Bridges and Constructions''' - ''see separate page for details '']]
==Madras Railway Lines==
The Madras Railway (MR) constructed and worked an extensive network of broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) lines.
In addition, in 1901, the southern part of [[East Coast State Railway]](ECSR), renamed [[Madras (North-East) Railway]] was transferred to MR and became part of the MR network.
The MR contract expired on 31 Dec 1907, at this point the BG route mileage was 1449 miles(2331km)
*From 1 Jan 1908 the [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] section, being 417 miles(671km), was transferred from MR to the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR).
*The remaining BG lines, 1032 miles(1660km) were taken over by the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]](M&SMR)
The MR also worked several lines on behalf of other parties. The metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] and the [[Shoranur-Cochin Railway]]; together with the 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) [[Morappur-Dharmapuri-Hosur Railway|Morappur-Dharmapuri]] and [[Tirupattur-Krishnagiri Railway|Tirupattur-Krishnagiri]] famine protection railways owned by the [[Government of India]].
'''[[Madras Railway – Lines owned and worked]]''' gives details of the Mainline routes together with Branches, the line lengths and dates of opening
*'BG Lines - owned and worked by Madras Railway(MR)'
**Madras-Jalapet SW Mainline (and Royauram Branch Line; Ranipet Branch Line, Bangalore Branch Line)
**Arkonam-Raichur NW Mainline
**Madras-Waltair NE Mainline (and Samalkot Junction-Cocanada Branch Line; Waltair-Vizagapatam Branch Line)
**[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]] (and Mettupalaiyam Branch Line; Palghat Branch Line)
*'Railways worked by Madras Railway(MR)' - giving details of lines worked by MR on behalf of other parties and the reallocation of these arrangements to SIR and M&SMR from 1908 onwards
==Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops==
The [[Madras Railway - Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Workshops]] was moved from Madras, established in [[Perambur]] in 1863 and progressively extended. In 1901 a major expansion commenced by the Deputy Locomotive Superintendent Mr [[A Pilkington]] under the orders of Mr [[C E Phillips]], Locomotive Superintendent at that time. These workshops became the M&SMR workshops in 1908.
== Records ==
Refer to FIBIS Fact File #4: “Research sources for Indian Railways, 1845-1947” - available from the [http://www.fibis.org/store/fibis-books-and-publications/bff-0004-research-sources-for-indian-railways-1845-1947/ Fibis shop]. This Fact File contains invaluable advice on 'Researching ancestors in the UK records of Indian Railways' with particular reference to the [[India Office Records]] (IOR) held at the [[British Library]]
An on-line search of the IOR records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2 “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue” - Search]; Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives many references. The most important being:-
*'''L/AG/46/15''' “Records of the Madras Railway Company; 1852-1937”
*'''L/AG/46/33''' “Records of the India Office relating to the Madras and Southern MahrattaRailway Company; 1882-1930”
==Personnel==
Unfortunately there are no Staff agreements held at the [[British Library]] in the [[India Office Records]].
==Further Information==
See '''[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]]'''(M&SMR) for information from 1908 onwards.
== Notes External links==*[https://madrascourier.com/insight/how-the-madras-rail-evolved-into-the-third-largest-rail-system/ "How the Madras Rail Evolved into the Third Largest Rail System"] 13 April 2018 ''Madras Courier''
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Guaranteed Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
