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Means of Transport

25 bytes added, 06:37, 30 April 2023
Travel on land
===By palanquin or dandy===
*Photographs showing a Palkee, Palki, Palanquin, with Bearers: [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00glossarydata/terms/palanquin/palanquin.html Palanquin images] from Prof. Emerita Fran Pritchett’s ''Indian Routes''. [http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ggbain.00366/ Palanquin, India] Library of Congress. Similar image [https://learninglab.si.edu/resources/view/90161 Four Bengal men carrying man in palki or palanquin, undated]. Click through to 2/2 images. Photograph is captioned Palkee and …?(=Bearers), Calcutta. Undated, before 1903. Smithsonian Learning Lab. [http://www.oldindianphotos.in/2011/03/four-men-carrying-palkee-palanquin.html Four men carrying a Palkee (Palanquin) c 1870s] Old Indian Photos.
**[https://booksarchive.google.com.auorg/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/173/mode/books?id=IYBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA173 2up A description of various types of palanquins] from the bottom of page 173 ''The General East-India Guide and Vade-mecum Mecum ... in British India and the Adjacent Parts of Asia (etc.)'' by J B Gilchrist 1825 Google BooksArchive.org. [https://booksarchive.google.com.auorg/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/177/mode/books?id=IYBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA178 2up Page 178] describes a bangy used for carrying goods. "If not overladen, the bangy will generally keep pace with the palanquin".
**Post-Masters were tasked with assisting travellers going from one place to another by 'laying the dawk' for them upon request and on due payment.<ref>
Kolhatkar, Arvind [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214151340/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india-british-raj@rootsweb.com/thread/206388/ Laying the Dawk - Part 2] ''Rootsweb India-British-Raj Mailing List'' 13 May 2015, archived.</ref> This referred to appointing relays of bearers to be ready on certain nights, at certain stations by which the traveller passed passed. "Five men carry the palkee, four more attend as reserves to take their turn, two carry tin petarrahs, or boxes slung on a pole, and two carry torches".<ref> [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9LIRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22laying%20the%20dawk%22&pg=PA16 "A Tiger Tale"] page 16 ''Warne’s Home Annual 1868'' Google Books.</ref> [https://archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n351/mode/2up Dawk/dak], meaning Post, page 299 ''Hobson Jobson''. The word survives in dak bungalow, a traveller's rest house. Routes, estimates of times, costs etc are included in [https://books.google.ca/books?id=GZMRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR6 ''‪Itinerary and Directory for Western India: being a collection of routes through the provinces subject to the Presidency of Bombay, and the principal roads in the neighbouring states''] by Captain John Clunes 12th Regiment Bombay Native Infantry 1826‬. Google Books
===By horse or bullock drawn vehicle===
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000312u00024v00.html 1814 Sketches of the line of march with bullock carts, elephants, horsemen, etc.] by Captain Robert Smith, probably Bengal Engineers c 1814. British Library online Gallery. Click on “zoomable image” to enlarge.
*[https://booksarchive.google.com.auorg/details/east-india-guide-1825/page/179/mode/books?id=IYBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA179 2up A description of bullock carts] pages 179-183 ''The General East-India Guide and Vade-mecum Mecum ... in British India and the Adjacent Parts of Asia (etc.)'' by J B Gilchrist 1825 Google BooksArchive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/howworldtravels00meth#page/32/mode/2up "Journeys Through India"] page 32 ''How the World Travels'' by A. A. Methley 1922 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n389/mode/2up Ecka/ekka] page 336 ''Hobson Jobson''. A small one horse carriage. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekka_(carriage) Ekka (carriage)] Wikipedia. [http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n459/mode/2up Hackery] page 407 ''Hobson Jobson''. Bullock cart used for goods and materials, or in some parts of India equivalent to an ekka.[http://www.archive.org/stream/hobsonjobson029985mbp#page/n983/mode/2up Tonga/tongha] page 930 ''Hobson Jobson''. A carriage drawn by a pair of ponies or oxen.
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