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Salonica and the Balkans (First World War)

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Italy
==Italy==
The Apulia region of Italy was used as a rest area for British troops serving in the Salonika campaign. There were several rest camps there, as well as Base Hospitals and stores depot.<ref>jeffward [http://www.whodoyouthinkyouaremagazine.com/forum/topic12546.html#p42146 "Gallipoli. Turkey Or Italy?"‪‬] ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' Forum 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015URL <nowiki>http://www.whodoyouthinkyouaremagazine.com/forum/topic12546.html#p42146</nowiki> no longer accessible.</ref>
==The British Salonika Force and the Army of the Black Sea==
*[http://www.kaiserscross.com/304501/552343.html "The 9th (Service) Battalion East Lancashire Regiment in Macedonia November 1915 - March 1919"] by Harry Fecitt ''Harry’s Sideshows'' kaisercross.com
*[http://markshep58.wix.com/801-mt-coy-asc 801 MT COY ASC] 801st Mechanical Transport Company of the Army Service Corps [British Army]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170204072938/https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1924/1924%20-%200022.PDF "Over the Balkans and South Russia"] ''Flight Global'' article January 10, 1924 about No. 47 Squadron, RAF. flightglobal.com, now archived.*[httphttps://1914www.balkanhistory.org/macedonia-air-war-1918ww1.invisionzonehtml "WW1 Air Warfare in Eastern Macedonia"] balkanhistory.comorg*[https:/forums/indexwww.greatwarforum.php org Great War Forum] includes a category "Salonika & the Balkans"
*[https://salonikacampaignsociety.org.uk Salonika Campaign Society] [SCS] The Society's Journal is ''The New Mosquito'', published from April 2000. An archived webpage shows the [https://web.archive.org/web/20151115190433/http://www.salonikacampaignsociety.org.uk/index.php/tnm contents of most/some Journals] to Issue 32, September 2015, and a [https://web.archive.org/web/20070723100613/http://www.salonika.freeserve.co.uk/The%20New%20Mosquito.htm second archived page] shows the contents of earlier issues to Issue 15. [https://salonikacampaignsociety.org.uk/category/new-mosquito/ Category: New Mosquito], from the current website, includes details of Issues 40 (September 2019), to 35 (April 2017); and limited earlier editions. SCS produces a DVD set of Maps etc- for details, see the categories at the top of the webpage, or use the search term DVD in the website Search. A DVD of all issues of ''The Mosquito'' (see following item) is also now available, (released 2019/09/19).
*IWM catalogue details of [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1506006316 ''The Mosquito : The Official Organ Of The Salonika Reunion Association''] 1927-1964, and [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1500090303 ''The Mosquito Index''] Also [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1500015925 "Salonika Memories : the Mosquito, 1915-1919"] Imperial War Museums. Note: the items themselves are not available online from IWM, but ''The Mosquito'' is available on DVD from the Salonika Campaign Society, see previous entry above. This journal contains many personal accounts.
*[https://archive.org/details/balkans011038mbp ''The Balkans: A Laboratory of History''] by William M Sloane, Professor of History, Columbia University, 1914. Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028563561 Revised and Enlarged edition 1920] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924027948656 ''Secrets of the Balkans: Seven Years of a Diplomatist’s Life in the Storm Centre of Europe''] by Charles J Vopicka, United States Envoy…to Roumania, Serbia and Bulgaria 1913-1920. 1920 Archive.org
*''Military Operations Macedonia'' compiled by Captain Cyril Falls ''Volume I: From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917'' and ''Volume II: From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War'' are available in reprint editions,<ref name=NMPM/> which in turn are available on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3 as [https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hTGb85NZ8ndC3DVTOndC3DVTO ''Macedonia''] (located in World Military Books-located by the Search/Macedonia). Note Volume II appears before Volume I. Part of the series ''History of the Great War based on official documents''.*''History of the Great War IIbased on official documents. Order of Battle of Divisions Parts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and 4'' all by Major A.F. Becke (London: HMSO, 1935-1945) are available in reprint editions<ref> ''Order of Battle of Divisions'' by A.F. Becke [https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/order-of-battle-of-divisions-part-1-the-regular-british-division/ Part 1], [https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/order-of-battle-of-divisions-part-2a-2b-territorial-yeomanry-divisions/ Parts 2A and 2B], [https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/order-of-battle-of-divisions-part-3a-3b-new-army-divisions/ Parts 3A and 3B], [https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/order-of-battle-of-divisions-part-4-the-army-council-ghqs-armies-and-corps-including-tank-corps/ Part 4]. [https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/order-of-battle-of-divisions-index/ Index] by Ray Westlake. Naval & Military Press reprint editions.</ref>, which in turn are available as one digital book of 1224 pages titled [https://www.fold3.com/browse/310/hTGb85NZ8wIfXXI19NTJHoYiz ''Order of Battle of Divisions''] on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3, located in Military booksBooks-located by the Search/Britain. Includes Macedonia).
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29851/supplement/11931 "Despatch from Lieutenant -General G.F. Milne dated 8th October 1916"] ''The London Gazette''. Publication date: 5 December 1916 Supplement: 29851 Page:11931
:[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30380/supplement/11779 "Despatch from Lieutenant -General G.F. Milne dated 1st October 1917"] ''The London Gazette''. Publication date:13 November 1917 Supplement: 30380 Page: 11779
*Official History of Austria-Hungary: [http://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/resolver?urn=urn:nbn:at:AT-OOeLB-1591991 ''Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg, 1914-1918''] Chief Editor Edmund Glaise-Horstenau. In seven volumes, each with a supplementary volume (Beilagen/Beil) of Maps, and a final volume of miscellaneous appendices (Registerband). Oö. Landesbibliothek, the Digital State Library of Upper Austria. German language.
**[http://www.comroestudios.com/StanHanna/ ''Austria-Hungary's Last War, 1914-1918''] In English, translated by Stan Hanna.
*Turkish language Official Histories [https://www.msb.gov.tr/ArsivAskeriTarih/icerik/birinci-dunya-harbi-serisi Birinci Dünya Harbi Serisi / World War I Series] from Ministry of National Defence, Republic of Turkey. Includes maps. Item 14: ''Birinci Dünya Harbi, Avrupa Cepheleri, Makedonya Cephesi C.7 Ks.3''. Using [https://translate.google.com.au/#view=home&op=translate&sl=tr&tl=en Google Translate] ''First World War, European Fronts, Macedonian Front C.7 Ks.3''. [https://www.msb.gov.tr/Content/Upload/Docs/askeritariharsiv/110-birinci_dunya_harbi_avrupa_cepheleri_makedonya_cephesi.pdf Direct pdf link]. There is also item 15 ''Birinci Dünya Harbi, Türk Hava Harekatı C.9'' ''Air Operations'', and item 16 ''Birinci Dünya Harbinde Türk Harbi, Deniz Harekâtı C.8'' ''Naval Operations''*Medical:[http://archive.org/stream/medicalservicesg04macp#page/n3/mode/2up ''History of the Great War: Medical Services: General History, Volume IV''] by G W Macpherson 1924. Includes Salonika. Archive.org
:Also in this series: ''Medical Services: Diseases of the War'' [https://archive.org/details/medicalservicesd01macpuoft Volume I], Includes Malaria. Archive.org.
:[https://archive.org/details/memorandaonsomem00greauoft ''Memoranda on some medical diseases in the Mediterranean war area, with some sanitary notes''] HMSO 1916. Archive.org
: ''Anti-malaria Work in Macedonia among British Troops'' by W G Willoughby 1918. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.549567 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
:[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-10082-00010/1 ''Salonika Diary 1915-1918'']. (Harold Arthur) Thomas Fairbank was an Officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps. His unit was moved to Macedonia to serve in Struma valley, and he was appointed consulting surgeon to the British Salonika Force. From the Fairbank Papers, University of Cambridge Digital Library. Typed manuscript, photographs etc.
:[https://archive.org/details/fiftythousandmil00wall ''Fifty Thousand Miles on a Hospital Ship''] by “The Padre” [Charles Steel Wallis] 1917 Archive.org. The hospital ship that Padre Wallis joined in 1915 was most likely the 'Goorkha'.<ref>frev. [httphttps://1914-1918www.invisionzonegreatwarforum.com/forumsorg/topic/253987-norwegian-matron-on-indian-hospital-ship/?do=findComment&comment=2569706 Norwegian Matron on Indian Hospital Ship] ''Great War Forum'' 3 October 2017. Retrieved 4 1 October 20172020.</ref> The ship arrived in Salonika from [https://archive.org/stream/fiftythousandmil00wall#page/268/mode/2up page 268] by which time the ship was a British Hospital Ship (previously Indian Hospital Ship).:[https://archive.org/details/convoycallchrist00cana/mode/2up ''The Convoy Call, Christmas Number 1916'']. Regimental Journal, No 5 Canadian General Hospital, published at Salonica. Includes a history of the Unit in Salonica from 1 January 1916, [https://archive.org/details/convoycallchrist00cana/page/8/mode/2up page 8]. [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06884 Additional issues]: Volume 1, No. 3 (October 26 1916) and Volume 1, No. 4 (November 11 1916). canadiana.ca
*[https://archive.org/details/uncensoredletter00vassuoft ''Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles''] written to his English Wife by a French Medical Officer of Le Corps Expeditionnaire D’Orient [Joseph Marguerite Jean Vassal] 1916 Archive.org. Includes Serbia. Book No. 4 in the series ''Soldiers’ Tales of the Great War''.
*[https://archive.org/stream/statisticsofmili00grea#page/288/mode/2up "Casualties in Months, Salonica"] page 288 ''Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914-1920''. The War Office HMSO 1922 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/withserbiaintoex00jonerich ''With Serbia into Exile; an American's Adventures with the Army that Cannot Die''] by Fortier Jones 1916 Archive.org. The author was initially (most likely) with the Columbia University Relief Expedition, for the relief of non combatants. These men were recruited as drivers - each to have an automobile for carrying supplies together with an English-speaking Serb to act as an interpreter. He subsequently joined the Christitch Mission at Valjevo, run by Mlle Anna Christitch, of the London ''Daily Express''.
*[https://archive.org/details/strickenlandserb00aske ''The Stricken Land: Serbia as we saw it''] by Alice and Claude Askew 1916 Archive.org. In 1915, both Alice and Claude Askew, who were authors, travelled to Serbia as part of a relief effort with a British field hospital that would be attached to the Second Serbian Army. They were also Special Correspondents for the British newspaper ''Daily Express''. (Wikipedia)
*[https://archive.org/stream/cihm_65037#page/n127/mode/2up "Serbia"], page 79, Part Three: ''A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals'' by Eva Shaw McLaren 1919 . Account continues in other Parts, see [https://archive.org/stream/cihm_65037#page/n21/mode/2up Contents]. Archive.org, (from a microfilm copy).:[http://gutenberg.org/ebooks/18530 ''Elsie Inglis: The Woman with the Torch''] by Eva Shaw McLaren 1920. Gutenberg.org. Includes [http://gutenberg.org/files/18530/18530-h/18530-h.htm#CHAPTER_X "Chapter X: Serbia"]:[https://archive.org/details/drelsieinglis00balfuoft/page/162/mode/2up "Chapter IX: Serbia"], page 162 ''Dr. Elsie Inglis'' by Lady Frances Balfour [1918] Archive.org.
:[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi197edinuoft#page/776/mode/2up "Diary of a Dresser of the Serbian Unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospital"] by L E Fraser page 776 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'', no 197 January-June 1915 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/atserbianfronti00steb ''At the Serbian Front in Macedonia''] by P E Stebbing 1917 Archive.org. The author was Transport Officer to a Unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals (The author had previously spent many years in the Indian Forest Service.)
:[http://ww1lit.nsms.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/gwa/item/3953 "An Englishwoman's Experiences on a Journey to the Eastern Front"] by Constance Smith, an article dated 13.1.19. ''Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps Newsletter/Journal'', probably March 1919. Link to a download to your computer, which you may need to locate in your downloads folder. She went to join the Scottish Women’s Hospital in Macedonia in January 1917. From the website ww1lit.nsms.ox.ac.uk.: ''Memories Of A of a Doctor In in War And and Peace'' by Isabel Hutton 1960. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547361 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. She was also the author of ''With a Woman's Unit in Serbia, Salonika and Sebastopol'' published 1928, [https://books.google.com.au/books/about/With_a_Woman_s_Unit_in_Serbia_Salonika_a.html?id=NHAZAAAAIAAJ Snippet Google Books]. She was with Scottish Women's Hospitals. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Emslie_Hutton Isabel Emslie Hutton] Wikipedia
*[https://archive.org/details/experiencesofwom00matt ''Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia''] by Dr Caroline Matthews 1916 Archive.org. The author worked independently in Serbia in a Military Hospital as a Red Cross doctor. She subsequently became a POW and was suspected of being a spy. Later in her captivity in Hungary she was placed with a group of fellow prisoners from a Scottish Women’s Hospitals Unit.
*[https://archive.org/details/underthreeflagsw00livirich ''Under Three Flags; with the Red Cross in Belgium, France and Serbia''] by St. Clair Livingston and Ingeborg Steen-Hansen 1916 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/nationatbaywhata00farniala ''A Nation at Bay: What an American woman saw and did in suffering Serbia''] by Ruth S Farnam 1918 Archive.org. She initially worked at a hospital run by Madame Grouitch, an American married to a Serbian diplomat. Subsequently she joined a group connected with Prince and Princess Alexis where she was in charge of medical stores for hospitals in the area, . Later she raised funds in England and America, and visited the American unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals at Ostrove.
*[https://archive.org/details/ameliapeabodytil00tile ''Amelia Peabody Tileston and her canteens for the Serbs''] by Mary Wilder Tileston 1920 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/01120175R.nlm.nih.gov ''Behind the Wheel of a War Ambulance''] by Robert Whitney Imbrie 1918 Archive.org. The author was a volunteer with the American Ambulance, in France and the Balkans, (Macedonia, Albania) where he was attached to the French “Army of the Orient” L’Armee Francaise d’Orient (French Expeditionary Force). The author was, or became, part of the American Field Service. Some extracts from this book are included in
**[https://archive.org/details/regimentalrecord04dudl ''Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Foot). Volume IV 1915-1918 Turkey-Bulgaria-Austria''] by Major C H Dudley Ward 1929 Archive.org.
**''The Fifth in the Great War - A History of the 1st & 2nd Northumberland Fusiliers, 1914-1918'' by Brigadier H. R. Sandilands 1938. [http://lib.militaryarchive.co.uk/library/infantry-histories/library/The-Fifth-in-the-Great-War-A-History-of-the-1st-and-2nd-Northumberland-Fusiliers-1914-1918/files/assets/basic-html/page249.html "Chapter XVI. Second Battalion-25th October, 1915-26th June, 1918. "Macedonia, 1915-1918"-" Struma.""] A transcription by OCR, so subject to inaccuracies. lib.militaryarchive.co.uk
**''The History of the South Wales Borderers 1914 -1918'' by C.T.Atkinson, originally published 1931 is available in a reprint edition,<ref>[https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/history-of-the-south-wales-borderers-1914-1918/ ''History of the South Wales Borderers 1914- 1918''] by C T Atkinson, originally published 1931. Naval & Military Press.</ref> which is in turn available as an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3 as [https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hTGb85NZ8wIfXXI19XLg-ecJX ''The History of the South Wales Borderers''] located in World WarII/Military Books-located by the Search/Britain/Scroll to letter T. 7th and 8th Battalions, both in 22nd Division, after only a month in France went with the division to Macedonia in November 1915 where they saw out the rest of the war.
**[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51387 ''The History of the Prince of Wales' Civil Service Rifles''] by several authors, including some named 1921. Gutenberg.org. The 2nd Battalion was part of the 179th Brigade , 60th Division in Salonika (from December 1916) and Palestine. [https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/60th-division/ 60th (2nd/2nd London) Division] (longlongtrail.co.uk)
*[http://digital.wlb-stuttgart.de/sammlungen/sammlungsliste/werksansicht/?no_cache=1&tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=345&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=1 ''Glimpses of the Great War: Letters of a Subaltern from Three Fronts''] Edited by his wife. 1919. The letters of George Herbert Whyte [London Irish Rifles]. He joined a volunteer hospital unit in France, in 1914, and became a Second Lieutenant in the London Irish Rifles in 1916. He was in France, Macedonia and Malta (from December 1916, page 63), Egypt and Palestine, where he died. He was a well known Theosophist. Digital Collection, Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart, with the library website in German. Read online or download, the latter is "Ganzes Werk herunterladen".
*[https://archive.org/details/songoftiadatha00ruttiala ''The Song of Tiadatha''] by Captain Owen Rutter (‘Klip-Klip’), first published 1919. The author was with the 7th Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment and edited the ''Balkan News''. He formerly was in the North Borneo Civil Service. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/salonicaaftersid00owenuoft ''Salonica and After, the Sideshow that ended the War''] by H. Collinson Owen, Editor of the ''Balkan News'', and Official correspondent in the Near East 1919 Archive.org
 
*[https://archive.org/details/salonikafront00mannuoft/page/n11 ''The Salonika Front''] by Arthur James Mann, late Recording Officer 22 Balloon Company; paintings by William Thomas Wood. 1920. [https://archive.org/details/salonikafront00mannrich File 2] both Archive.org. The images in the two digital files vary in colour. The image [https://archive.org/details/salonikafront00mannuoft/page/n99 "Dorian Town and Lake"], between pages 42-43, is the header image used by the Salonika Campaign Society and was painted by Wood in 1917 whilst an acting corporal in a balloon company (RFC), although he later became an official war artist.<ref> Salonika Campaign Society, see External links above.</ref>
*[https://archive.org/details/serbiaeurope00mark ''Serbia and Europe, 1914-1920''] by Dr Lazare Marcovitch (Lazar Markovic) 1920 Archive.org
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