Ordnance Department

The Ordnance Department was the part of the military responsible for the supply of weapons and ammunition. It appears that, at least in Bengal, it was also responsible for the Stud Department.

In the days of the EIC, it was part of the Town Major's List (Bengal & Bombay) and Effective Supernumeraries (Madras). Initially part of the Unattached List (B) in the Indian Army, it became the Indian Army Ordnance Department in 1884 and was headed by the Commissariat General - Ordnance and then became the Indian Army Ordnance Corps in 1922.

FIBIS resources

• "John Braddock- Powder Master" by Sylvia Murphy FIBIS Journal Number 28 (Autumn 2012) pages 25-31. John Braddock arrived in Madras in 1813. See FIBIS Journals for details of how to access this article.

Also see

• Conductors
• Unattached List
• Cossipore, the location of a gun factory
• Dum Dum, the location of an ammunition factory
• Ishapore, the location of a gunpowder factory, and later a rifle factory

History of the Ordnance Department

In 1775 the East India Company established the 'Board of Ordnance' at Fort William, in Calcutta. In 1787 a gunpowder factory was established at Ishapore which started production in 1791. In 1801 a 'Gun Carriage Agency' was set up at Cossipore that started production in 1802. In 1906 the administration of Indian Ordnance factories came under the 'Inspector General of Ordnance Factories'. This changed again in 1936 to the 'Director of Ordnance Factories .

The following Ordnance Factories have been identified as having railways (see separate pages for more information):-

• Cossipore, Gun and Shell Factory
• Calcutta, Dum Dum Gun Carriage Factory
• Cawnpore, Field Gun Factory
• Jubblepore, Gun Carriage Factory

Also the following Arsenals and Ordinance Depots:-

• Quetta Arsenal
• Chheoki, Central Ordinance Depot

Small Arms

Small Arms were procured in Britain by the East India Company which included "Company's Pattern" pieces such as the Indian Pattern Musket.

Occupations

Carnatic Ordnance Artificers

In June 1821, the Governor in Council authorised the formation of a corps of Carnatic Ordnance Artificers, to be recruited from the sons of Europeans born in India and to be enlisted as European soldiers. They were to come from the Orphan Asylum, the fort school, and from other charitable institutions. One of the reasons for the establishment was the desirability of providing suitable employment for a portion of the Eurasian (mixed race) population. The Corps was attached to the Gun Carriage Manufactory

An artificer, or artifier, has the general meaning of craftsman, and the meanings also include ‘A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory’ and 'A member of the military who specializes in manufacturing and repairing weapon systems' (Carnatic is a term for South India, and refers to Madras Presidency)

Civil Chief Master Armourer

They appear to be persons who went around inspecting weapons in places which held them, such as police stations and prisons. ‪

Stud farms

Pusa

Pusa is located in Bihar, previously part of the Bengal Presidency, and is now an Agricultural Research Institute.
Article: "The Origin of "the Pusa Experiment" : The East India Company and Horse-Breeding in Bengal, 1793-1808" by Garry John Adler. Bengal Past & Present, 98 (1979), 10-32. Publisher: Calcutta Historical Society.

Other studs

• In 1835 there was a stud at Buxar, now Bihar, then part of the Bengal Presidency.
• The Madras Presidency stud farm at Ganjam is described in the article "A government stud farm 1798-1811 in the days of the Company Bahadur" by R A Addington Cavalry Journal Issue No 18, 1928, published London. This article is available online, see below.

External links

• Army Ordinance Corps indiapicks.com
• "Equipping Leviathan: Ordnance Factories of British India, 1859–1913" by Kaushik Roy War in History Vol. 10, No. 4 (November 2003), pp. 398-423 (26 pages) jstor.org. Register with jstor.org, and read online for free (limits apply), or you may be able to log-in through your Library.

"Technology Transfer And The Evolution Of Ordnance Establishment In British-India: 1639-1856" by Kaushik Roy Indian Journal of History of Science, 44.3 (2009) pp. 411-433, Indian National Science Academy Journals archived webpage.

Historical books online

• Strength, Organisation and Composition of the Army of Great Britain, Martin Petrie (1864) gives details of the Ordnance Department factories, pp164-167.
• The Ordnance Department Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume  4, page 362. Mentions the various factories.
• Page 187 ‪Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command‬, Volume 24, Part 2 East India (Education) II- Madras 1859, session 2. This report refers to the attempt made by Lieutenant Braddock in 1830 to improve Carnatic Ordnance Artificers by theoretical instruction.
• The East India Company’s Arsenals and Manufactories by Brigadier-General H. A. Young, Director of Ordnance Factories in India 1917-1920, published 1937. HathiTrust Digital Library. Possibly not available in USA. Archive.org version
• "A government stud farm 1798-1811 in the days of the Company Bahadur" by R A Addington Cavalry Journal pages 457-468, Issue No 18, 1928, published London. Archive.org. The Madras Presidency stud farm at Ganjam.
• "An Indian Arsenal" by Lieut.-Colonel C M Routh, Indian Army Ordnance Corps page 130 The Army Quarterly Volume 14, 1927 April- July Archive.org.

British Army

• A History of the Army Ordnance Services Volume One Ancient History by Major General A. Forbes 1929. Archive.org

A History of the Army Ordnance Services. Volume Two Modern History: The Crimean War to the Great War by Major General A. Forbes 1929. HathiTrust Digital Library. Also available Archive.org

A History of the Army Ordnance Services, [Volume Three] The Great War by Major General Arthur Forbes 2nd edition 1932, first published 1929. Archive.org. mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes chapters on the Western Front (Part I) and chapters on Other Arenas (Part II): The Home Base; the Base in the Levant and Mediterranean [Egypt]; Gallipoli; Salonika; Palestine; Mesopotamia; East Africa; Italy; Russia and Siberia.