Changes

*The [http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/ Cambridge (UK) Centre of South Asian Studies], in its Archive Collection, has the Winn Papers which contain information about James Winn who joined the East India Company in the Bengal Establishment in 1842, aged 13. He served as an apothecary at various stations including [[Lahore]], [[Multan]], [[Dinapore]], [[Dum Dum]], [[Allahabad]], [[Calcutta]], [[Chunar]]. He was invalided out of the service at [[Meerut]] in July 1884. (WINN 1/1 Testimonials, statements of service, etc in connection with James Winn's work as an apothecary in the service of the Bengal Establishment, 1842-1884, 45 items)

*'''Arthur Fitzgibbon''' 

*'''Subordinate Medical Department staff killed or wounded during the Indian Mutiny''' 

:*Page 1687: ''Nominal Roll of Europeans Killed, Wounded, and Missing, in the Army under the command of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief.'' Head-Quarters, Camp before Lucknow. March 14, 1858:* :- 3rd Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery. Officiating Apothecary R. W. Beale, severe contusion on 8th instant.:* :- Her Majesty's 23rd Fusiliers. Hospital Apprentice R. Pereira, severe contusion Page 1886: ''List of Europeans Killed by the hands of Rebels'', as per Return furnished by the Magistrate of Delhi, between May 11 and October 24, 1857:* Mr. T. Corbet, Sub. Medical Department, Delhi. Page 2098: ''Return of Killed and Wounded of the 2nd Brigade Nerbudda Field Force during the Siege and Attack of Rathghur''. (Bombay Presidency, around March 1858) :* 1st Troop Horse Artillery. Assistant Apothecary W. Conway, wounded dangerously, ball through head

*'''Murder of Apothecary Healy ''' (sometimes spelt Healey) by tribesmen, while travelling to his unit (1850). See [http://books.google.com/books?id=axgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA281 ''Allen's Indian Mail'' page 281], also [http://books.google.com/books?id=axgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA313 313], [http://books.google.com/books?id=axgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA351 351] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=vRoCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA394 394].

*'''Apothecary Daly ''' (1821) and '''Assistant Apothecary Everard ''' (1824) charged with being drunk while treating patients, from a book about [http://books.google.com/books?id=FukGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA597 Law in India, published 1825, (page 597)] . The Daly court martial is also mentioned in [http://books.google.com/books?id=9SYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA479 this link (page 497)].

*The Healy case was also mentioned in this link page 497 http://books.google.com/books?id=9SYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA479'''Assistant Apothecary Burgess ''' murders '''Assistant Apothecary O’Brien ''' in 1840 at [[Kamptee]] (Madras Presidency) and is sentenced to be hanged, but his sentence is commuted into “Transportation beyond the seas”. (page 234). Note at least some convicts were sent to Australia [http://books.google.com/books?id=vSsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA234 ''Asiatic journal'' 1841, page 234]). Note at least some convicts were sent to Australia. *Not all reports about Apothecaries were good (Kurratchee([[Karachi]]), Bombay Presidency 1840’s) The Westminster Review Published 1846 page 252[http://books.google.com/books?id=wT6gAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA252''The Westminster Review'' Published 1846, page 252]

A salary scale is set out on page 126. In addition , the members of the Subordinate Medical Department received free quarters and at least the Hospital Apprentices received food. :Per month the rates in rupees were::{|Hospital Apprentice: First year 16, second year 20. |-|When in College: First year 20, second year 25, third year 30|-|Passed Hospital Apprentice: 50|-|Assistant Apothecary: Under 5 yrs service 75, over 5 yrs service 100|-|Apothecary: Under 5yrs service 150, over 5yrs service 200|-|Senior Apothecary: 400|} 

The book is called ''A Code of Medical and Sanitary Regulations for the Guidance of Medical Officers serving in the Madras Presidency '' by William Robert Cornish(1870). [http://books.google.com/books?id=WhUDAAAAQAAJ (Volume 1 ], which contains the above references).There is also a Volume 2 and [http://books.google.com/books?id=NhcDAAAAQAAJ Volume 2]. Both these books are snippet view only. Some readers may be able to access them using a proxy server. (An author was originally able to access these books, but now cannot.)

[[Image:Major Hector Alfred Richardson.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Major Hector Alfred Richardson]]Towards the end of the 19th century and into the 20th, Apothecaries and Assistant Surgeons continued to perform their duties but increasingly it seems that they were “in Civil Employ”. Having said that, many continued to follow a military path, one example being Major Hector Alfred Richardson, (1875 – 1957). Born in [[Ellichpur]], he worked at the J.J. Hospital in [[Bombay (City)|Bombay]] in the 1890s for a couple of years, presumably having trained in the adjacent Grant Medical College, and then joined the Indian Medical Department, Army Service, and was shipped out to the Boer War in South Africa, Ladysmith Relief in the 1898/99. Returning to India, his subsequent postings included: 1904 [[Meerut]]; 1906 [[Deolali]]; 1908 [[Calcutta]]; 1911 [[Agra ]] Cantt.; 1912 [[Bhusaval]]; 1914-1919 [[Lahore]]; 1923 [[Jhansi]]; 1929 Meerut & [[Ajmer]]; 1931 - 1938 Jhansi; 1941- 1942 [[Mhow]]; 1946 Jhansi. Thus we can see that ISMD employees, could, with application, rise to the rank of Major, but in many cases there was growing dissatisfaction with pay and status. See the following entries on Civil Surgeons, who, it seems, led demanding and frustrating lives although the pay was better than in the Military and the range of professional duties greater.*[http://books.google.com/books?id=oLkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA272 ''The Indian Medical Gazette'' 1868 page 272] *[http://books.google.com/books?id=Yz-zE8waQukC&pg=PA168 ''History of Medicine in India'' by Chittabrata Palit, page 168 (Limited view)] ===Tracing a Surgeon=======Thacker's==== [[Thacker's]] Bengal Directory, published from 1864, was in 1885 renamed Thacker's Indian Directory and covered the whole of British India. Volumes for most years are available in the [[Asia, Pacific & Africa Collection|Asian and African Studies Reading Room]] at the [[British Library]] and the 1895 edition is available to purchase as a CD. It is a useful source for tracing Assistant Surgeons of both Military and Civil persuasions. Thus one can find, for example, Assistant Surgeon Patrick McCarthy in Thacker’s:

Photograph of Major Hector Alfred Richardson (Note: being sent separately)Thus we can see that ISMD employees*1892-5 - Assistant Surgeon, could, with application, rise to doing duty at the rank of Majorhospital at Bareilly, but in many cases there was growing dissatisfaction with pay and status.North West ProvincesSee the following entries on *1903 - Assistant Civil Surgeons, who, it seems, led demanding and frustrating lives although the pay was better than in the Military Surgeon and the range Superintendant of professional duties greater.page 272 The Indian Medical Gazette 1868 http://books.google.com/books?id=oLkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA272 page 168 of History of Medicine in India by Chittabrata Palit (Limited view) http://books.google.com/books?id=Yz-zE8waQukC&pg=PA168 Thacker's Bengal DirectoryJail, published from 1864Lower Chindwin, was in 1885 renamed Thacker's Indian Directory and covered the whole of British India. Volumes for most years are available in the Asian and African Studies Reading Room at the British Library and the 1895 edition is available to purchase as a CD. It is a useful source for tracing Assistant Surgeons of both Military and Civil persuasions:Thus one can find, for example, an Assistant Surgeon Patrick McCarthy in Thacker’s – Burma

1892-5 - Assistant Surgeon, doing duty at the hospital at Bareilly, North West Provinces1903 - Assistant Civil Surgeon and Superintendant of Jail, Lower Chindwin, Burma====Indian Army Lists====Another invaluable source is the Indian Army Lists, like Thacker’s, available at the British Library. The January 1912 edition is available online via Ancestry.Here again are some sample extracts - July 1888 – Listed under Subordinate Medical Department, Sub Assistant Apothecaries - McCarthy P. Date of present rank 1 Mar 88.com

Here again are some sample extracts: *July 1888 – Listed under Subordinate Medical Department, Sub Assistant Apothecaries - McCarthy P. Date of present rank 1 Mar 88.*Apr 1901 - Asst surgeon 2nd class Ranking as Conductor, McCarthy, Patrick (105) = Qualification Burmese Lower Standard) B (for Bengal) DoB 19 Feb 1868, d of warrant rank 1 Mar 88, d of present rank 1 Mar 00. At Monywa.*Oct 1910 - Medical Warrant Officer, Indian Subordinate Medical Department, Assistant Surgeon First Class ranking as Conductor. Date of Warrant Rank 1/3/1888, date of present rank 1/3/07, Civil and Jail, Hensada (Assistant Surgeons seconded for Civil Employ)*Oct 1918 - Senior Asst Surgeon with honorary rank of Major, Date of 1st command 26 Dec 10, date of present rank 25/12/1917. Civil and Jail Akyab.