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The Battle of A battle for Poona in October 1802 lead between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the Second 2nd Anglo-Maratha War between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.
After the Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then Kirkee) between the The British and the Marathas on 5 November 1817 near Pune (involvement in Poona began after the Third Anglo1802 Treaty of Bassein -Maratha War) when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency, and the British built English to station a large small military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army). The Pune Municipality was established force in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidencytown.
Under After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 5 November 1817 (AKA: Battle of Kirkee -now Khadki) between the British, and the Marathas near Poona (in the Third Anglo-Maratha War) the railways opened up communication routes city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to Bombay which had been constrained the east of the city (still used by the terrainIndian Army).
[[Battle The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of Poona]] 1817the Bombay Presidency, and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners).
*St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873
*The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth
*The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp
*The New English School est 1880
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'''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly a the largest garrison town of in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).
Pune is the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. It Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India , with the India's largest student population.
Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].
== History ==
Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.
The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.
== Spelling Variants ==
Variants: Poona<br>
[[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]
==English Quarters==
*The Civil Lines
*Along the road heading to the Kirkee Cantonment
== Clubs==
*Western India Club - English members
*Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members
*Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members
==Education==
'''Further Education'''
The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.
Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society est 1884, and were responsible for founding Ferguson Fergusson College , a law school, in 1885.
'''Schools'''
In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:
*The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp*The Convent High School for Girls est 1860*Bishops High School, est1864,*St Vincent Roman Catholic High The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,1864
*Free Church Mission Institute est 1866
*Poona Native Institution est 1866
*The Pensioner's St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,*St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867*St Anne’s Middle Class School for boys and girls Girls est 1873*The Victoria Girls High School est 1876*The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 18641876 in Aditvar Peth
*The Conference Middle Class School est 1879
*The Mission Orphanage and Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879
*The Victoria Girls High New English School est 1876*St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867*The Convent High School for Girls est 18601880
*The Scottish Girls High School est 1882
*The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura
*The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School est 1882
*The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth
*The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882
==Hospitals==
In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital, Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were 10 dispenseries in Poona.
==Churches==
*Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.
*The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885
*Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church
*St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893
*Jewish Synagogue
==Cemeteries==*Sangam (near the old Residency) *Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Pauls Church*East Street*Kirkee close to the rifle butts*Sholapur Road
==Newspapers==
