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Mughal Empire

984 bytes added, 16:43, 26 March 2011
Amend description
====Amir ====
All ''Mansabdars'' were titled ''Amir'' (commander). They were graded in military fashion ranging from Commander of 7,000 to Commander of 20. ''Amir-i-Azam'' (greater nobles) commanded 7,000 to 3,000. ''Amir'' (noble) commanded 2,500 to 500. Mansabdar commanded 400 to 20.
==== Zamindar ====
In the Mughal era the ''zamindar'' (ground holder) was an official who collected taxes from the peasants. Subsequently the term came to mean a hereditary landholder and, under the British administration, was a landlord who passed taxes to the authorities while keeping a portion for himself. The ''zamindar'' was not infrequently the cause of oppression of the farmers.
==== Ryot ====
In the Mughal era ''Ryot'' was the term used to describe a permanent resident cultivator. He paid taxes to the ''zamindar'' and was on the lowest rung of the ladder.
 
=== Remuneration ===
Payment of the ''mansabdars'' by the emperor was by ''naqdi'' (cash) or the revenue of a ''jagir'' (land holding). Personal fortunes could not be passed to children but reverted to the emperor. This discouraged Amirs from investing in property and led to expenditure on extravagant lifestyles.
==== Jagir ====
The ''Jagir'' was the right granted by the emperor to recover revenue from a tract of land. The grantee was called a ''Jagirdar''. The yield of the ''jagir'' was set by revenue officers and was often inflated. It could also be altered by influence or bribery. The grant could be terminated by the emperor at any time and could not be handed down to children. This meant that the ''jagirdar'' had no interest in improving the land or supporting the farmers, only in extracting as much revenue as possible.
=== Territory ===
==== Thana ====
The ''Thana'' was a sub-divion of the ''Faujdari'' and was overseen by a ''Thanedar''.
 
=== Remuneration ===
Payment of the ''mansabdars'' by the emperor was by ''naqdi'' (cash) or the revenue of a ''jagir'' (land holding). Personal fortunes could not be passed to children but reverted to the emperor. This discouraged Amirs from investing in property and led to expenditure on extravagant lifestyles.
==== Jagir ====
The ''Jagir'' was the right granted by the emperor to recover revenue from a tract of land. The grantee was called a ''Jagirdar''.
 
 
== External links ==
==== Wikipedia ====[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire Mughal Empire] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkar Sarkar] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan Dewan] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi Qazi] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhtasib Muhtasib] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdar Mansabdar] Wikipedia<br /> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emir Amir] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagir Jagir] Wikipedia<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamindar Zamindar]<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryot Ryot]<br />
[[Category:Government and Administration]]
[[Category: Mughal Empire]]

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