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*[http://www.iranica.com/articles/indo-european-telegraph-department Indo-European Telegraph Department in Iran] Encyclopaedia Iranica. While the IETD was an autonomous department for much of its existence, between February 1888 and April 1893, it was under direct auspices of the Director General of Indian Telegraphs. The IETD was dissolved in March 1931. There was significant intermarriage with Iranian Armenians.

** "Scientific Instrument with a Story to Tell" by John Packer ''Bulletin of the Scientific Instruments Society'' No. 92 (2007), pages 17-18. [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Cf2W-vME38AJ:www.sis.org.uk/bulletin/92/Packer.pdf+British+Raj+Telegraph+Baghdad&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShGH8XAHtbY8D0csv7zFY5xPGhGTwFY9zHWU_E2naeRgl8WfV2OKVL8ea4XonbuVzCiGvUz6yvZdrUM_yuw1TZLaoGycOJlai7bnhKy0K9K_oX84t-rF1tw8VjcrX0qGD6xbxQ1&sig=AHIEtbQp2F9jb0L6nPbTQs2Tlyi46CFweA html version], [http://www.sis.org.uk/bulletin/92/Packer.pdf original pdf]

*[http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1859SuezKarachi/index.htm 1859 Suez - Aden - Karachi Cable] atlantic-cable.com

**HMS Retribution assisted in laying the first submarine telegraph cable to India, in the section between Karachi and Aden in 1859.[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924026424196#page/n177/mode/2up ''Memories of the Sea'', page 155] by Admiral Penrose Fitzgerald 1913 Archive.org