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Prisoners of the Turks (First World War)

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Of approximately 2,962 white British officers and other ranks captured at Kut, 1,782 would go on to die in Ottoman captivity. Indian prisoners along with their white comrades, experienced a horrific death march from Kut-al-Amara to the northern railhead at Ras-el-Ain (in modern day Syria).<ref> "Prisoners of War" by Heather Jones. encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. 'Section 6: Mistreatment' contains information about prisoners in Turkey. See [[Prisoners of the Turks (First World War)#External links|External links, above]].</ref>
There were camps in Kastamonu, Eskisehir, Capadoccia, Cankiri, Afion, Sivas, Yozgat, Hacikiri, Belemedik.<ref>Dogan Sahin [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=1226&p=847997 Kut POW] ''Great War Forum'' 28 January 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2015.</ref> Some of these were work camps, such as Hacikiri and Belemedik in the Taurus Mountains.
Bagtsche, Airan and Entelli were railway work camps, under control of the German construction company, in the Amanus Mountains, (now Nur Mountains). The section between Bagtsche and Airan –Entilli was at kilometres “485,800-502,800”<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/geologiekleinasi00frec#page/50/mode/2up/search/Bagtsche Page 50] ''Geologie Kleinasiens im Bereich der Bagdadbahn'' by Fritz Frech 1916 Archive.org</ref>. William Fratel of the Indian Subordinate Medical Department, who had been captured at Kut, was court-martialled in England in 1919 for his actions at Bagtsche.<ref>IPT [http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=233239&hl= Kut Cruelty - William Fratel] ''Great War Forum'' 5 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</ref>
*Afyonkarahisar (modern name), Afyon Karahisar, Afyon Kara Hisar, Afyon, Afion, Afionkarahissar, Afion-Kara-Hissar, Afion Karahissar, Afioun Karahissar, Afium-Kara-hissar.
*Ankara, Angora
*Bagtche, Bagche (Amanus Mountains)*Bor, Bora, Bore (Amanus north of the Taurus Mountains)
*Bozanti, Pozanti (Taurus Mountains)
*Kiangri, Changri, Çankırı, Cankiri, Cangara
*Entelli, Entilli, Intilli, Intille, Intaley. A work camp in the Amanus Mountains.
*Hacikiri, Hadschkiri, (the latter may be the German name), Hacýkýrý . A work camp in the Taurus Mountains.
*Ngde, Nigdeh (Amanus north of the Taurus Mountains)
==Mesopotamia==
*Listen to the [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008567 1985 inteview with Joseph William Lennox Napier], British officer served with the 4th Bn South Wales Borderers in Gallipoli and Mesopotamia, 1914-1917; POW in Turkey, 1917-1918. Reel 2. iwm.org.uk
*[http://www.winkleighheroes.co.uk/level3/kutdeathmarch.htm Prisoners of the Turks: the fate of Frederick William Davey and Frank Turner following the surrender of Kut] winkleighheroes.co.uk
*[http://twgpp.org/downloads/news/TWGPP_Newsletter_Winter_2012.pdf Scroll to: "A Prisoner of the Turks"] by Brian and Mari Walker, Winter 2012 Newsletter ''The War Graves Photographic Project''. twgpp.org. Herbert George May 9th Light Horse Regiment 5th Reinforcement, died of disease at Ngde in (north of the Amanus Taurus Mountains ) 26 September 1917. Private Colin Spencer Campbell, 2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance was captured in Palestine 26-3-17, and was sent to Bagtche (Amanus Mountains) to work on the railway line, where discipline was harsh. He subsequently went to Jarbaschi, another working camp , and when sick with malaria, to Bore camp(north of the Taurus Mountains).
====Historical books online====
*[http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/report-on-treatment-of-british-prisoners-of-war-in-turkey ''Miscellaneous No. 24 (1918): Report on the Treatment of British Prisoners of War in Turkey'']. Presented to Parliament November 1918. HMSO 1918 IOR/L/MIL/7/18737 British Library
*Sample chapters from [http://www.saradistribution.com/otherranksofkut.htm ''Other Ranks of Kut''] by P. W. Long, M.M. Flight Sergeant R.A.F, 1938. Transcription of the Preface, Author’s Note, Chapter One and Chapter Six only, with details of the titles of the remaining chapters. saradistribution.com. The author was at the time Driver Percy Walter Long, 67528, 63rd Battery, R.F.A.<ref>[http://www.rushdenheritage.co.uk/war/longDriverPW.html Driver P. W. Long] 63rd Battery, R.F.A rushdenheritage.co.uk. [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31759/supplement/1230 The London Gazette Supplement] 27/30 January 1920, page 1230</ref> Long’s account starts on 30th April 1916, the day after the surrender of Kut. From the preface by Sir Arnold Wilson, M.P. “Of 2,592 British rank and file taken prisoner at Kut, 70 per cent died in captivity”. [http://www.naval-military-press.com/other-ranks-of-kut.html More about the book]
*[https://archive.org/details/anamericanphysic00usshuoft ''An American Physician in Turkey : a narrative of adventures in peace and in war''] by Clarence D Ussher and Grace H Knapp 1917 Archive.org. The author was a medical missionary. The chapters from [https://archive.org/stream/anamericanphysic00usshuoft#page/212/mode/2up page 213] cover the war period.
*Baghdad Railway**[https://archive.org/details/shortcuttoindiar00frasrich ''The Short Cut to India, the record of a journey along the route of the Baghdad Railway''] by David Fraser 1909 Archive.org. Includes a description of the areas where the railway had not then been constructed such as the Taurus and Amanus Mountains.**[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dtwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA647 "Germany’s Railway Problems in Asiatic Turkey"] by R J Bjurstedt page 647 ''Popular Mechanics'' May 1916. Google Books. Includes a map of the route of the Baghdad Railway.**[https://archive.org/details/warbagdadrailway02jast ''The War and the Bagdad Railway; the story of Asia Minor and its relation to the present conflict''] by Morris Jastrow 3rd edition 1918 (first published 1917) with a [https://archive.org/stream/warbagdadrailway02jast#page/n194/mode/1up Map] showing the route of the railway
== References ==
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