Talk:Chitral and Tibet Expedition: Difference between pages

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The 8 November edit by Rzafar has changed the link for Pakistan in the Location Infobox from an internal link to an external Wikipedia link. I understood that the preference is to always make an internal link where possible. The Fibiwiki Pakistan internal link has more information relevant to FIBIS and should have (but doesn't) a link on to Wikipedia. What do the moderators think?--[[User:Symorsebrown|Sy]] 02:22, 8 November 2009 (PST)
{{War|name=Tibet Expedition |dates=Dec 1903 – Sept 1904 |image=Tibet-flag-free.jpg |location=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet Tibet] |combatant1=British Field Force |combatant2= Tibetan Armed Forces|result=[http://tibetjustice.org/materials/treaties/treaties10.html Anglo-Tibetan Agreement of 1904] |medal=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Medal Tibet Medal]| category=[[:Category:Tibet Expedition|Tibet Expedition]] |link1= }}
{{Battlemap|war=Tibet Expedition 1903-04|link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=101241150585833319689.000478a21a9b85b1eee21&ll=28.468691,89.868164&spn=3.515063,5.020752&t=p&z=8 }}
The '''Expedition to Tibet''' in 1903-04, also known as the '''Anglo-Tibet War'''.


:I am the guilty party here because I have asked Rzafar to change the links on the "Present Day Details" section of the Locations Infobox to point to the relevant Wikipedia articles. I have always done this on every Location Infobox I have either initiated or edited on the basis that the content of the FibiWiki articles is never going to be as comprehensive as the corresponding Wikipedia ones, and that much of the FibiWiki content will end circa 1947.  It is also unlikely that anyone will get round to creating FibiWiki articles for every Indian, Pakistani, Banlgadeshi, Nepalese or Burnese state or province. At present, when reviewing the Pakistani locations, it looks as if there is redundancy because the External links section will also carry a Wikipedia link but these are generally just to the location article, not the state/province or the country.
== Summary ==
:[[User:HughWilding|HughWilding]] 16:44, 8 November 2009 (PST)
At the beginning of the 20th century Britain and Russia were competing for influence in Central Asia. To counter the perceived threat, the British sent an expedition under [[Francis Younghusband]] to negotiate with the Tibetans. The first excursion with Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamber_Jong Khamba Jong] was rebuffed and a field force was dispatched through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Pass]. The Tibetans were defeated at two major battles and the expedition reached Lhasa in August 1904. The Dalai Lama had fled but Younghusband forced a one-sided treaty on the regent which gave Britain trading rights in Tibet. This was later repudiated by the Tibetans.


::Forgive me if I disagree with you here Hugh. It must be sensible to have the tightest links in the Fibiwiki. Not to lead our users between associated pages is illogical and a waste of the time of those who have produced those pages. Use Chitral as an example:<br>  
== Field Forces ==
::The Chitral Campaign article has a link in the Location field to the Chitral location page. It also has an internal link to the Chitral Campaign category page which lists the actions and links internally to the NWF Campaigns. It also has an external link to the Chitral Expedition Wikipedia page. The Chitral location page has an external link in the Place Name field to the Chitral Wikipedia page. (It also has the same link under External Links which is redundant and should be removed.)<br>
'''First Excursion'''<br>
::The Siege and Relief of Chitral article should follow the same logic. The argument that the Wikipedia article is fuller and goes beyond 1947 is irrelevant as long as the external link is provided on the Location page at the end of the search chain. Otherwise there would be no point in creating Fibiwiki Location pages. They are there because they provide something which the Wikipedia page does not i.e. British India information linked to the Fibiwiki database.<br>
''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>
::--[[User:Symorsebrown|Sy]] 01:45, 13 November 2009 (PST)
''Political Officer for Sikkim: [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]''
*200 [[32nd Punjab Pioneers|32nd Pioneers]]
*300 followers<br>
'''Tibet Mission'''<br>
''British Commissioner to Tibet: [[Francis Younghusband|Major Francis Younghusband]]''<br>
''Escort Commander: [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101034705/ Brig-Gen James Macdonald CB]''
*Six Coys [[44th Gurkha Rifles|8th Gurkhas]] ''Lt-Col Kerr''
*Eight Coys [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|23rd Pioneers]] ''Lt-Col Hogge''
*Half Coy 2nd Sappers ''Maj Haycock''
*Maxim gun detachment of [[9th Regiment of Foot|Norfolk Regiment]] ''Lt Hadow''
*Two 7-pounder guns of 8th Gurkhas ''Capt Leeke''
*Two 10 pounder guns of No 7 Mountain Battery Royal Garrison Artillery ''Maj Fuller''
*Field Hospital
*Engineer Field Park
*Ammunition Column
*Telegraph, postal and survey detachments<br>
'''Later Reinforcements'''<br>
*One Wing  [[7th Regiment of Foot|Royal Fusiliers]] ''Col Cooper DSO''
*[[40th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|40th Pathans]] ''Lt-Col Campbell DSO''
*[[7th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|19th Punjabis]] ''Maj Herbert''
*Three Coys Mounted Infantry ''Capts Otterley & Peterson, Maj Rowlandson''
*Maxim gun detachment of [[83rd Regiment of Foot|Royal Irish Rifles]] ''Lt Bowen Colthurst''
*Two 7-pounder RML guns of No 30 Mountain Battery ''Lt Marindin''
*Two 10-pounder RML guns of No 27 Mountain Battery ''Lt Field''
'''Followers'''
*10,000 transport drivers
*8,000 supply and transport coolies
*10,500 mules and ponies
*400 donkeys
*9,225 bullocks and yaks


:::Oh, I've just caught up with this discussion.  This is a bit of a difficult one.  I am of the opinion that where we have an inhouse article on a topic it should be linked to.  If we farm people straight out to Wikipedia we are not showing them what content we do have or encouraging them to add to it! However, there are a few points relating to external links I hadn't thought of until now.  
== Chronology ==
'''First Excursion'''
{|
|-
|  19 June 1903
|  Mission left [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling Darjeeling]
|-
|  21 June
|  Reached [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtok Gangtok]
|-
|  26 June
|  Arrived at Tangu
|-
|  4 July
|  Claude White (Sikkim Political Officer) left Tangu
|-
|  5 July
|  Mr White reached Diagong
|-
|  7 July
|  Mr White reached [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamber_Jong Khamba Dzong]
|-
|  18 July
|  Younghusband reached Khamba Dzong
|-
|  11 October
|  Younghusband left Khamba Dzong for Simla
|}
'''Mission to Lhasa'''
{|
|-
|  5 December 1903
|  Mission left [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling Darjeeling]
|-
|  12 December
| Crossed the border at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelep_La Jelep Jelep La] 4267m
|-
|  14 December
|  Arrived at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadong_County Yadong]
|-
| 20 December
| Reached [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagri Pagri]
|-
| 7 January 1904
| Crossed the Tang La 4,521 m
|-
|  8 January
|  Made camp at Tuna
|-
|  31 March
|  [[Battle of Guru|Battle at Guru]]
|-
|  9 April
|  [[Action at Tsamdang Gorge]]
|-
|  11 April 
|  Reached Gyantse
|-
|  5 May
|  Tibetan attack at Gyantse
|-
|  7 May
|  [[Battle of Karo La]]
|-
|  26 May
|  [[Battle of Palla]]
|-
|  6 June
|  [[Action at Kangma]]
|-
|  6 July
|  [[Battle of Gyantse Dzong|Gyantse Dzong]] stormed
|-
|  14 July
|  Mission left Gyantse for Lhasa
|-
|  19 July
|  Reached Nagartse
|-
| 24 July
|  Crossed the Kampa La 4,794 m
|-
|  31 July
|  Crossed the Bramaputra at Chaksam Ferry
|-
| 4 August
| Reached Lhasa
|}


:::So, on the battles pages we should almost always have a Fibiwiki article to link to as the places named there are relevant in the British era.  I think it makes perfect sense for places in the military infoboxes to link to our articles.  The Locations articles are a different matter though.  The sections where Hugh is suggesting WP links are those relating to modern day details.  What content will we ever have for inhouse articles on, say, [[Andhra Pradesh]] or [[Karnataka]], other than a link to WP?  Perhaps the Military and Locations projects need different rules for their infoboxes.


:::Thoughts?  [[User:Sarahb|Sarah]] 13:03, 13 November 2009 (PST)
==External links==


::This is the approach which I think logical. On pages dealing with British India subjects (battles, wars, armies) the default should be an internal  link to a Fibiwiki page where it exists. Once we get to Locations then the WP link gives the wider modern context.--[[User:Symorsebrown|Sy]] 10:10, 15 November 2009 (PST)
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet British Expedition to Tibet] Wikipedia
*[http://tibettalk.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/the-younghusband-expedition/ The Younghusband Expedition] tibettalk.wordpress.com
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Younghusband Francis Younghusband] Wikipedia
*[http://intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html  Field Force To Lhasa 1903-04]. 50 Letters from Captain Cecil Mainprise. intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com. ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZofGb9W5CzYJ:intotibet1903-04.blogspot.com/2008/12/2nd-rajput-mess-alipore-calcutta.html+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au Cached] URL)
*[http://www.tracesofevil.com/2004/12/gyantse-1904-british-liberation-of.html  Scenes from the film Gyantse 1904: The British Liberation of Tibet]
*[http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/430387/Images-of-Empire-amazing-pictures-show-the-entry-of-British-forces-into-Tibet-in-1904 Images of Empire - amazing pictures show the entry of British forces into Tibet in 1904] September 18, 2013 www.express.co.uk
==== Historical books on-line ====


:Good, so we are in agreement!
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=y39xtFqUn5sC&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q=&f=false List of Officers on the Lhasa Mission] Google Books
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1beWTgMf4VUC&pg=PA506&lpg=PR506&dq=Chumbi&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=Chumbi&f=false Chronology of the Expedition] Google Books
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023235108 ''India and Tibet. A History of the Relations which have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a Particular Account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904''] by Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE. Published by John Murray 1910. Archive.org.  Another copy of this title is at [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P7pdbiFCW80C&pg=PP1&dq=India+and+Tibet+Younghusband&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false India & Tibet by Francis Younghusband] Google Books (Limited View)
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n129/mode/2up  "Tibet"], page 115, ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery'' by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org. This book is also available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India|Digital Library of India]] website, where the print quality is better.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024155206 ''Sikhim And Bhutan, Twenty-one Years On The North-east Frontier 1887-1908''] by [[Photographer#Books|J Claude White]]. Archive.org 1909 edition.
*''Lhasa: An Account of the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission sent there by the English Government in the year 1903-04'' by Perceval Landon 1905 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco01land#page/n9/mode/2up  Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/lhasaaccountofco02land#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 2]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/unitedservicema00pollgoog#page/n713/mode/1up "Across the North East Frontier"] by Colonel HC Wylly , page 642 ''The United Service Magazine Volume 29 New Series April 1904 to September 1904'' Archive.org
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/index.php?id=390 "Reminiscences of Tibet"]. Online report by Frederick Campbell who accompanied the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, 1904. King’s College London Collections:The Serving Soldier
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/greatplateaubein00rawl#page/n207/mode/2up "The Gartok Expedition 1904-1905"], page 159 ''The Great Plateau being an account of exploration in Central Tibet, 1903, and of the Gartok expedition, 1904-1905''] by Captain C. G. Rawling 1905 Archive.org The terms of the Treaty provided that a trade mart be opened at Gartok and the expedition took place to survey the area and select a suitable location.


:I wonder if I can touch on another matter? I have no wish to offend, Sy, but you are one who likes to use '''<nowiki><br></nowiki>''' instead of normal carriage returns in your text. This causes two problems, the first being that this makes review of the text more difficult than it need be for moderators. But I can live with it!


:The second is more important. In its auto formatting of text, the wiki software depends on the modern style of block paragraphs. This convention separates paragraphs by a single line, visually making blocks of text much easier to follow. (A double carriage return achives this.) If you look at our exchange of comments above, I hope you will see what I mean.
{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
|count=true
}}


:I fully accept that <nowiki><br></nowiki> has its place. It has to be used within an Infobox to force separate lines and it is more space efficient within the long lists that are a feature of the orders of battle, campaign forces etc. But your reading public will appreciate the descriptions being broken up into visually distinctive units. I also think the wiki software generally does a good job in balancing the text with the whitespace.


:Apologies for raising this here but I have been meaning to discuss this for some time.


:[[User:HughWilding|HughWilding]] 01:39, 16 November 2009 (PST)
[[Category:Minor Campaigns|Tibet Expedition]]
 
[[Category:Tibet Expedition| Tibet Expedition]]
::Right, well on the subject infobox links that is wikipedians call a consensus.  A three man vote ;-)  I will make a note on the Locations project page.  [[User:Sarahb|Sarah]] 12:55, 16 November 2009 (PST)
[[Category:Campaigns with FIBIS Battle Maps|Tibet Expedition]]
 
 
== Line Breaks ==
 
As you know, I come from the blundering amateur school of editing. The '''<nowiki><br></nowiki>''' was a work-around which I started to use when I realised that the return key does not produce a line break. It does of course make a line break when viewed in edit mode and of late I have done that in external link lists so they are easier to read when you amend them. Have a look at the Chitral article in edit mode.
 
A double return produces a line space and this is fine as a paragraph maker in a block of text. However it is less satisfactory in an external link or field force list as they are quite clear single spaced and double spacing lengthens the page unnecessarily. My preference is to see everything on the page on screen at once. I accept that this wont be possible when viewed on your iPhone or Blackberry.
 
I already use bullet points for field force lists. I propose using indent colons for external link lists to retain the single spacing. Is that OK?
 
One other thing. Many months go I was told (I can't remember by whom) that the correct format for an external link is with the source after the link (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitral Chitral] Wikipedia).  I have therefore gradually been altering my pages as I revisit them. Lately I have noticed other variants such as
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitral Chitral], Wikipedia 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitral Chitral] ''Wikipedia''
:[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=099 Schwartzberg Historical Atlas - Indian Mutiny Map]
 
Can we have a ruling again please?
 
BTW I am not in the least offended that you have raised this. It all helps us to be consistent. I am much more fussed however when you alter my Latin tags and introduce superfluous italics!
 
Regards --[[User:Symorsebrown|Sy]] 07:43, 16 November 2009 (PST)
 
::I think the best reason for phasing out the break tag is that it is a bit obscure for inexperienced users.  Wiki formatting is much easier for anyone to understand.  I agree with Hugh that we should stick to the word processing convention of a line between paragraphs.  I do think you always do that though, Sy, but I have seen it slip in elsewhere on the wiki.  Apart from external links and infoboxes, the only places I notice you use them now are for formatting some lists which would require a table otherwise.  I think just avoid the use where possible.
 
::For lists of external links, I am in favour of bulleting them a la Wikipedia where all lists are bulleted.  This also keeps single spacing.  [[User:Sarahb|Sarah]] 12:55, 16 November 2009 (PST)
 
 
==Format of links, italics etc==
Just making a seperate section for the other point Sy was making above (although I'm sure Chitral isn't the place for this discussion!)
 
Italics - having learnt wiki editing on Wikipedia, I have followed their italicising conventions here.  I will change that if we decide, but their rules are quite straightforward ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28titles%29 WP: MOS Titles]).
 
External links - For reference, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links WP:External links].  I do not know the convention of putting the source after the link, but put (for instance) Wikipedia as a description of the external link.
 
I personally think it is ok to change the format to fit the type of link, provided some basic standards apply.  I would like:
*link at beginning of line
*blue link text to be the title of the webpage or book linked to (or some other appropriate title - our own made up one if the page doesn't really have a useful one)
*subsequent black text to describe material linked to, can name the website if appropriate
 
So, for example:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army History of the British Army] Wikipedia
*[http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm Stephen Lewis' Soldiers Memorials] lists NCO and other ranks graves in India by surname, amongst other memorials. [http://www.redcoat.info/memindex3.htm Officers Died] is the equivalent commissioned ranks site.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=6OcKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR6 ''Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as It Is''] by John Mercier McMullen, a late Staff Sergeant of the 13th Light Infantry (1846)
 
Anything that really wouldn't work like that can be formatted in whatever way will work.
 
I think I'm losing the thread of what I'm saying so will wit for other's comments! [[User:Sarahb|Sarah]] 12:55, 16 November 2009 (PST)
 
:Wow! I knew there had to be one, but ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28titles%29 WP: MOS Titles]) leads into the whole Wikipedia Manual of Style and it just sucks you in!
 
:Firstly I apologise about altering "status quo ante" to ''status quo ante bellum''. The latter is the original source of the former and in the context it just struck me as appropriate to use. I italicised because the full phrase is in Latin and such is the convention - in fact, since the FibiWiki will be read by a significant number of readers for whom English is not their first language, this is a very helpful convention to observe fully - more so than Wikipedia suggests. If we ever get around to writing our own manual of style, we need to remember this.
 
:Secondly, I am not sure that Wikipedia is itself consistent (but I haven't read enough of its MOS so must be careful). When I got going seriously on family history (about 1997), I realised that I needed to learn about how to cite sources and create bibliographies. To cut a long journey short, I ended up with the work of an American genealogist, Elizabeth Shown Mills, the then editor of the ''NGS Journal'', who clearly laid out a system that was based on the ''Chicago Manual of Style'' but adapted to meet the needs of genealogists and family historians who draw information largely from unpublished or private papers and sources.
 
:Wikipedia's own MOS seems to draw on the Chicago MOS which is helpful. When citing a work, the convention is: Author, ''Title'' (publishing history), text reference. With an encyclopedia, the convention is: (Author if known,) "Entry", ''Title'' (publishing history), ref. So a typcal citation looks like: "East Indian Railway", ''Encylopedia Indiana'', 12 Volumes (Maidenhead: Wilding Press, 2009), 5:10-15.  (The very last bit is the specific volume plus pages - English, as opposed to American practice, still tends to spell it out i.e. "Vol 5, pp 10-15". Whoops! too much detail.)
 
:So for a reference or note to a Wikipedia article, I would use:
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army "History of the British Army"], ''Wikipedia'' (accessed 17 November 2009). [The accessed date serves as the date the information was "published" to me.]
:and the reason I have drawn you down this route is that there is a fundamental difference between our FibiWiki and Wikipedia in that much of our material is going to be original research which is anathema to Wikipedia. So at some time, we are going to have to agree a citation style and police it. Unfortunately, the inbuilt referencing tools have not yet been implemented in our version of the wiki software and we must wait until they are. I continue to make noises in the right quarter (not Valmay, I hasten to add).
 
:I accept that citations are not the saem as external links but it does help to explain why my external links often look like:
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army "History of the British Army"], ''Wikipedia''.
:*Terry Case, [http://shankardubai.tripod.com/carman.htm "Hal Hughes' family page"], ''North Western Railway''.
:but I am inconsistent and I know I often am with that comma separator after the link symbol.
 
:So when I have that odd weekend, I will get stuck into the Wikipedia MOS!
:[[User:HughWilding|HughWilding]] 01:36, 17 November 2009 (PST)
 
::Right, well now I understand perfectly why you italicise in the external links - you are following a referencing style.  I think it is unnecessary in the ext links though.  But you are right that we need to reference better.  Although a lot of our info will always be original research, it is helpful to readers to provide citations where possible, less for the worry over accuracy (as is the case on WP) more to provide sources for those wishing to take the reading further.  When we eventually upgrade it will be very easy to reference and WP has a lot of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates citation templates] we can borrow. 
 
::Heaven help us if we try and write our own manual of style, but I can see that everyone seems to want some firmer guidelines on certain formatting issues.  When I have more time (poss Friday) I will find a better place than Chitral to have this discussion and set out the issues listed here in a very brief way so we can make a collective decision (if such is allowed!) [[User:Sarahb|Sarah]] 12:47, 18 November 2009 (PST)
 
== Definitely my last comment ==
Hells Bells. What a can of hornets' nests I seem to have poured on the fire. I don't know what anybody reading the Chitral Discussion Page will think. Just a few final points:
 
# A pity the simple test of clarity can't be our guide.
# Well known Latin (or other foreign) phrases shouldn't need italics to identify them.
# Italics or inverted commas don't assist meaning when applied to the source of an external link e.g. Wikipedia
# I don't think bullet points in a short list such as External Links add any value. The break symbol serves the purpose.
# If we don't use the break symbol because inexperienced editors can't understand it, we reduce ourselves to the lowest common denominator. Most editing tools will be too advanced and you expert editors will be hamstrung.
# There must be latitude for variations of approach to a wiki. If we tie ourselves to a Chicago Manual of Style we will soon be writing our dates back to front and too scared to use the passive voice.
# I am definitely not going to study the Wikipedia MOS. Life is too short and I want to spend the time expanding the Fibiwiki. I apologise in advance if this gives the moderators more work.
# I have worried about the lack of references in what we put on the pages. A policy on citations would be helpful.
 
More apologies that this has turned into a rant. Regards.--[[User:Symorsebrown|Sy]] 10:57, 19 November 2009 (PST)

Revision as of 05:49, 8 November 2013

Tibet Expedition
Dec 1903 – Sept 1904
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
Location: Tibet
Combatants:
British Field Force Tibetan Armed Forces
Result: Anglo-Tibetan Agreement of 1904
Medals: Tibet Medal
Links:
Category: Tibet Expedition
See our interactive map of
Tibet Expedition 1903-04
locations and routes on Google Maps

The Expedition to Tibet in 1903-04, also known as the Anglo-Tibet War.

Summary

At the beginning of the 20th century Britain and Russia were competing for influence in Central Asia. To counter the perceived threat, the British sent an expedition under Francis Younghusband to negotiate with the Tibetans. The first excursion with Claude White, the Political Officer for Sikkim, to Khamba Jong was rebuffed and a field force was dispatched through the Jelep Pass. The Tibetans were defeated at two major battles and the expedition reached Lhasa in August 1904. The Dalai Lama had fled but Younghusband forced a one-sided treaty on the regent which gave Britain trading rights in Tibet. This was later repudiated by the Tibetans.

Field Forces

First Excursion
British Commissioner to Tibet: Major Francis Younghusband
Political Officer for Sikkim: J Claude White

Tibet Mission
British Commissioner to Tibet: Major Francis Younghusband
Escort Commander: Brig-Gen James Macdonald CB

  • Six Coys 8th Gurkhas Lt-Col Kerr
  • Eight Coys 23rd Pioneers Lt-Col Hogge
  • Half Coy 2nd Sappers Maj Haycock
  • Maxim gun detachment of Norfolk Regiment Lt Hadow
  • Two 7-pounder guns of 8th Gurkhas Capt Leeke
  • Two 10 pounder guns of No 7 Mountain Battery Royal Garrison Artillery Maj Fuller
  • Field Hospital
  • Engineer Field Park
  • Ammunition Column
  • Telegraph, postal and survey detachments

Later Reinforcements

  • One Wing Royal Fusiliers Col Cooper DSO
  • 40th Pathans Lt-Col Campbell DSO
  • 19th Punjabis Maj Herbert
  • Three Coys Mounted Infantry Capts Otterley & Peterson, Maj Rowlandson
  • Maxim gun detachment of Royal Irish Rifles Lt Bowen Colthurst
  • Two 7-pounder RML guns of No 30 Mountain Battery Lt Marindin
  • Two 10-pounder RML guns of No 27 Mountain Battery Lt Field

Followers

  • 10,000 transport drivers
  • 8,000 supply and transport coolies
  • 10,500 mules and ponies
  • 400 donkeys
  • 9,225 bullocks and yaks

Chronology

First Excursion

19 June 1903 Mission left Darjeeling
21 June Reached Gangtok
26 June Arrived at Tangu
4 July Claude White (Sikkim Political Officer) left Tangu
5 July Mr White reached Diagong
7 July Mr White reached Khamba Dzong
18 July Younghusband reached Khamba Dzong
11 October Younghusband left Khamba Dzong for Simla

Mission to Lhasa

5 December 1903 Mission left Darjeeling
12 December Crossed the border at Jelep Jelep La 4267m
14 December Arrived at Yadong
20 December Reached Pagri
7 January 1904 Crossed the Tang La 4,521 m
8 January Made camp at Tuna
31 March Battle at Guru
9 April Action at Tsamdang Gorge
11 April Reached Gyantse
5 May Tibetan attack at Gyantse
7 May Battle of Karo La
26 May Battle of Palla
6 June Action at Kangma
6 July Gyantse Dzong stormed
14 July Mission left Gyantse for Lhasa
19 July Reached Nagartse
24 July Crossed the Kampa La 4,794 m
31 July Crossed the Bramaputra at Chaksam Ferry
4 August Reached Lhasa


External links

Historical books on-line


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