Morvi Railway and Massacre at Amritsar: Difference between pages

From FIBIwiki
(Difference between pages)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
PEA-2292 (talk | contribs)
9,628 edits
1909 Railway Map Section added
 
Maureene (talk | contribs)
30,638 edits
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Line Railways Infobox
[[Image:Jallianwallah.jpg|thumb|300px|The garden in 1919]]  
|image=
[[Image:Jallianwala-Bagh.jpg|thumb|300px|Jallianwala Bagh]]
|caption=
The '''Amritsar Massacre''' or '''Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre''' occured on 13 April 1919, when over 5,000 unarmed locals, who had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh (garden), [[Amritsar]] were fired upon by British [[Indian Army]] troops. The crowd was protesting the recently passed Rowlatt Act.
|route= [[Rajkot]] to [[Wadhwan]]<br>[[Vankaner]] to [[Morvi]]
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1details= 73 miles (1905)<br>132 miles (1942)
|gauge2= 2' 6" NG
|gauge2details= 17 miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge3=
|gauge3details=
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1890
|timeline1details= Opened to traffic as NG
|timeline2date= 1905
|timeline2details= [[Rajkot]] to [[Wadhwan]] converted to MG
|timeline3date= 1924
|timeline3details= [[Morvi]] section converted to MG
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details= 
|timeline5date=
|timeline5details= 
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|stations= [[Morvi]], [[Rajkot]], [[Vankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|system1date=
|system1details= [[Morvi Railway]]
|system2date=
|system2details=
|system3date=
|system3details= 
}}
 
{{System_Railways_Infobox
|image=
|caption=
|timeline1date= 1942
|timeline1details= Managing [[Dhrangadra Railway]]
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline3date=
|timeline3details=
|timeline4date=
|timeline4details= 
|timeline5date= 1948
|timeline5details= Merged to form [[Saurashtra Railway]]
|company1= 1890
|company1details= [[Morvi Railway]]
|company2= 1942
|company2details= [[Dhrangadra Railway]]
|company3= 1890
|company3details= [[Morvi State Tramways]]
|company4=
|company4details=
|company5=
|company5details=
|company6=
|company6details=
|company7=
|company7details=
|company8=
|company8details=
|company9=
|company9details=
|company10=
|company10details=
|company11=
|company11details=
|company12=
|company12details=
|headquarters= [[Morvi]]
|workshop=
|stations= [[Dhrangadra]], [[Rajkot]], [[Vankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|system1date= 1948
|system1details= [[Saurashtra Railway]]
|system2date= 1951
|system2details= [[Western Railway]] (IR zone)
|system3date=
|system3details= 
|gauge1=
|gauge1details=
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 73 miles (1905)<br>230 miles (1942)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3details= 17 miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge4=
|gauge4details=
|auxillary forces= n/a
}}


[[File: Morvi Railway Map 1909.png|left|thumb|Morvi Railway Map 1909]]
Around 90 troops under the command of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Dyer Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer] fired upon the gathering without giving any warning. Once the firing started, there was no escape from the garden as the main exit was blocked by the troops. The troops only stopped firing once they ran out of ammunition.  Estimated casualties were 379 killed and 1,200 injured.


Originally named the '''Rajkot-Beti Tramway'''; the '''Morvi Railway''' was owned and managed by the [[Princely states|Princely ]][[Morvi State]]
== Spelling Variants ==
 
Modern name:Amritsar<br>
Sometimes also known as the '''Wadhwan-Morvi State Railway'''
Variants: Amritsir/Umritsar<br>
 
The original section from [[Vankaner]] to [[Morvi]] was built to 2' 6" Narrow Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) as a Tramway <ref name=name>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n202/mode/2up "Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government  Printing,  Calcutta;  page 194]; Retrieved 24 May 2016</ref>. [[Richard Gardiner]] in 1887 was Manager-in-charge <ref>. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA499 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 499 (pdf page 462 )] Retrieved on 24 May 2016</ref> and [[Willoughby Verner Constable]] was the Officiating Manager<ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA466 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 466 (pdf page 429)] Retrieved on 14 May 2016</ref>.
 
The tramway was converted to Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) to match the other lines in [[Gujerat]] and [[Kathiawar]].
<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Railway_(India) Wikipedia "Western Railway (India)"]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>
 
In 1948 the '''Morvi Railway''' was merged to form the [[Saurashtra Railway]]


== External links ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre Jallianwala Bagh Massacre] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rMoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Amritsar+Massacre&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=m5TVSoi3CpPGywTKgP34DQ#v=onepage&q=Amritsar%20Massacre&f=false Amritsar Massacre] Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tUAVk84xBGUC&pg=PA18&dq=Hunter+Committee&hl=en&ei=BfcZTIa-C46V4gako_i-Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Hunter%20Committee&f=false The Hunter Committee] Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XuQC5pgzCw4C&pg=PA259&dq=Jallianwala+Bagh&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=m5TVSoi3CpPGywTKgP34DQ#v=onepage&q=Jallianwala%20Bagh&f=false The Butcher of Amritsar] Google Books<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Dyer Reginald Dyer] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_O'Dwyer Michael O'Dwyer] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udham_Singh Udham Singh] Wikipedia<br>
*[http://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/british-india/udham-singh-avenger-amritsar-massacre/ "Udham Singh: Avenger of the Amritsar Massacre"] southasia.ucla.edu<br>
*[http://www.25thlondon.com/amritsar.htm Amritsar uprising 1919 & the 1/25th London Battalion] including a [http://www.25thlondon.com/amritsar2.htm detailed account]  from [http://www.25thlondon.com/index.htm 25th County of London Cyclist Battalion, The London Regiment] <br>
*[http://www.readex.com/blog/jallianwala-bagh-landmark-struggle-freedom "Jallianwala Bagh: A Landmark in the Struggle for Freedom"] by Tim Russell 20 March 2013 Readex blog.
*[http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/i-had-to-fire-well-jallianwala-bagh-butcher-gen-dyer-s-testimony/article1-1336779.aspx "I had to fire well: Jallianwala Bagh butcher Gen Dyer's testimony"] by Abhishek Saha, April 13, 2015 ''Hindustan Times''
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAxUMVoclV4 "The Amritsar Massacre: Myth and Reality"] by Dr Nick Lloyd 13 February 2008. Defence Academy of the United Kingdom YouTube video, 42 minutes duration.
===Historical books online===
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
*[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951p00324262w?urlappend=%3Bseq=5 ''Army. Disturbances in the Punjab. Statement by Brig.-General  R E H Dyer''] Presented to Parliament HMSO 1920. HathiTrust Digital Library
*[https://archive.org/details/ape9901.0001.001.umich.edu ''Report: Disorders Inquiry Committee 1919-1920''] Published in Calcutta 1920. Archive.org. Also published 1920 by HMSO under the title [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951p00273781q?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 ''East India (disturbances in the Punjab, etc.) : report of the committee appointed by the Government of India to investigate the disturbances in the Punjab''] HathiTrust Digital Library. Appears to contain additional Annexures.
:''Evidence taken before the Disorders Inquiry Committee'':  [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.14975/page/n1/mode/2up ''Vol. V- Gujranwala, Gujrat, Lyallpur and Punjab Provincial''] [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.14974/page/n1/mode/2up ''Vol. VI -  Punjab Government and Sir Umar Hayat Khan''] Archive.org.
:[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011930458 Vol.1 - Delhi; Vol.2 - Bombay Presidency; Vol.3 - Amritsar;  Vol.4 Lahore and Kasur; - Vol.5] HathiTrust Digital Library accessible by those in regions such as North America. Volumes 6 and 7  (confidential, 1920 British Library IOR/V/26/262/8-9) were first  unrestrictedly published  in 1975.
*[https://archive.org/details/openrebellioninp00malauoft/page/n1/mode/2up ''Open Rebellion in the Punjab : with special reference to Amritsar''] by K.D. (Kapil Deva) Malaviya. [1919] Archive.org
*''Punjab Unrest Before And After''  by H N Mittra [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173517/page/n3 1920 edition], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.214674/page/n5 2nd edition 1921] Archive.org
* ''Amritsar and our Duty to India'' by B.G. Horniman 1920.  Republished in 1980 in India under the title ''British Oppression in Punjab''. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.351510 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.122490 ''An Account of the Punjab Disorders and the Working of Martial Law''] by Pandit Pearay Mohan, Vakil, High Court Lahore. 1920 Archive.org (where the author is  incorrectly catalogued). Originally from Digital Library of India.
*''India As I Knew It, 1885–1925'' by Sir Michael Francis O’Dwyer 1925 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.276594 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India. In 1885 the author was posted to Shahpur in the Punjab and retired as lieutenant-governor of the Punjab in 1919. His actions during 1919 were controversial.
* ''Massacre at Amritsar'' by Rupert Furneaux 1963.  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.127198 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India.
* ''The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre'' by Raja Ram 1969.  Full title: ''The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. A Premeditated Plan''. Panjab University Publication Bureau. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.118397 Archive.org mirror version], originally from Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/imperialcrimepun0000fein ''Imperial Crime and Punishment : the Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh and British Judgment, 1919-1920''] by Helen Fein 1977. A revision of the author's thesis, Columbia University, 1971. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/britishreactiontotheamritsarmassacre/mode/2up "British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919-1920"] by Derek Sayer ''Past & Present'' No. 131 (May, 1991), pp. 130-164. Archive.org
* Not at Amritsar but  a civil disturbance
:''Unofficial History'' by Field Marshal Sir William Slim 1962, first published 1959.  Archive.org Lending Library.
:[https://archive.org/details/unofficialhistor00slim/page/75 "Aid to the Civil"]  page 75. “This narrative…is a composite one, made up from the events on three occasions on which the military aided the civil power” (footnote, page 75). Probably c 1919. He was based at Gurampur Fort which is probably a fictional name.
{{#widget:Google PlusOne
|size=small
|count=true
}}


== References ==
<references />


[[Category:Tramways]]
[[Category:Historical Events]]
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Indian States Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]

Revision as of 01:38, 11 June 2023

The garden in 1919
Jallianwala Bagh

The Amritsar Massacre or Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre occured on 13 April 1919, when over 5,000 unarmed locals, who had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh (garden), Amritsar were fired upon by British Indian Army troops. The crowd was protesting the recently passed Rowlatt Act.

Around 90 troops under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired upon the gathering without giving any warning. Once the firing started, there was no escape from the garden as the main exit was blocked by the troops. The troops only stopped firing once they ran out of ammunition. Estimated casualties were 379 killed and 1,200 injured.

Spelling Variants

Modern name:Amritsar
Variants: Amritsir/Umritsar

External links

Historical books online

Evidence taken before the Disorders Inquiry Committee: Vol. V- Gujranwala, Gujrat, Lyallpur and Punjab Provincial Vol. VI - Punjab Government and Sir Umar Hayat Khan Archive.org.
Vol.1 - Delhi; Vol.2 - Bombay Presidency; Vol.3 - Amritsar; Vol.4 Lahore and Kasur; - Vol.5 HathiTrust Digital Library accessible by those in regions such as North America. Volumes 6 and 7 (confidential, 1920 British Library IOR/V/26/262/8-9) were first unrestrictedly published in 1975.
Unofficial History by Field Marshal Sir William Slim 1962, first published 1959. Archive.org Lending Library.
"Aid to the Civil" page 75. “This narrative…is a composite one, made up from the events on three occasions on which the military aided the civil power” (footnote, page 75). Probably c 1919. He was based at Gurampur Fort which is probably a fictional name.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Morvi_Railway&oldid=89269"