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|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<BR>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]<BR>[[Bombay Port Trust Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Bombay Railways & Stations]]'''  ''for details''
}}
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Bombay |name=Bombay |link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b97bccccca195a585&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=14&vpsrc=1}}


'''Bombay''' (now '''Mumbai''') was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and is now the capital of the state of Maharashtra.  
'''Bombay''' was the capital of the [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] and the headquarters of the district of the same name during the British period. Now called '''Mumbai''', it is the capital of the state of Maharashtra.  
*Located on the inlet of Bom Bahia (beautiful bay).
 
==Geography==
Originally there were [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay Seven Islands of Bombay]:
 
*Isle of Bombay
*[[Colaba]]
*Old Woman's Island ([[Little Colaba]])
*[[Mahim]]
*[[Mazagon|Mazagaon]]
*[[Parel]]
*[[Worli]]
 
They were gradually merged by land reclamation until they were one land mass by 1845.


==History==
==History==
The city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534 and under British rule from 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine De Braganza. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands.  The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city.   
Located on the inlet of Bom Bahia (beautiful bay), the city was [[Portuguese]] controlled from 1534. It passed to British rule in 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine of Braganza. During this time there were three [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Royal_Governors_.281662.E2.80.931668.29 Royal Governors]. In 1668 it was granted to the [[East India Company]] for a lease of ten pounds a year and was administered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Company_Governors_.281668.E2.80.931862.29 Company Governors]. These became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bombay#Crown_Governors_.281862.E2.80.931948.29 Crown Governors] when rule was transferred to the UK government. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands.  The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city.   


Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:
Compared to the other [[Presidencies]], Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:
Line 22: Line 36:
*1900    775 000   
*1900    775 000   


Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Bombay became the commercial centre of the Malwa [[Opium trade| opium trade]], and opium also became the basis for the prosperity of Bombay.<ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727093134/http://www.hinduonnet.com:80/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm  “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-''The Hindu'' Volume 23 - Issue 10: 20 May - 2 June 2006, now archived; [https://www.academia.edu/6333316/Book_review_Opium_City_The_Rise_of_Early_Victorian_Bombay_by_Amar_Farooqui Article by Dipesh Karmarkar] academia.edu. Discussions of the book  ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui 2006, available at the [[British Library]] UIN: BLL01013423658 .</ref> Railways  much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864. This allowed Bombay to fill the global demand for cotton resulting from shortages as a consequence of the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865).  The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further shortened the passage to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.
Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence.
==Bombay City Improvement Trust==
The [[Bombay City Improvement Trust Railways|Bombay City Improvement Trust]] was created on December 9, 1898, in response to the Bobbay plague epidemic of 1896. It was created through an Act of the Parliament. The Municipal Corporation and the government handed over all vacant lands to this body. The Trust undertook a host of measures to improve sanitary and living conditions in the city. The planned opening up of suburbs was due to the Trust <ref name=Wiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_City_Improvement_Trust Wikipedia "Bombay City Improvement Trust"]; Retrieved 14 Mar 2017</ref> 
The Trust widened roads in the central, crowded, parts of the town. A new east-west road, the Princess Street, was constructed to channel the sea air into the centre of the crowded residential areas. The north-south Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road) was also constructed with this end in view <ref name=Wiki/>.
The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion suburban development was started in 1899 with the express purpose of relieving congestion to the south. Well-laid out plots, with mixed land-use patterns marked these sections. Completed in 1900, access to these parts were through the newly completed Mohammedali Road <ref name=Wiki/>.


Following the [[Battle of Kirkee]] 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to [[Poona]] opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Railways  much improved goods transport, the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR)opened in 1864. This allowed Bombay to fill the global demand for cotton resulting from shortages as a consequence of the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865).  The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further shortened the passage to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.  
The Trust was later merged with the Municipal Corporation and known as the Bombay Development Department/Directorate.  


Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is [[architect]]urally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's [[Public Works Department]] opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence.  
==FIBIS Resources==
[[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]
*[[:Category:Bombay images|Images of Bombay in Fibiwiki]]  
[[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]
*[https://gallery.fibis.org/index.php?/search/1 Images of Bombay in the FIBIS Gallery]
*[https://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=223&s_id=99 Bombay Maps]
* Database [https://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1340  European Inhabitants - Bombay]. Lists of Free Merchants, Seafaring Men and other Inhabitants of Bombay and surrounds from 1720-1780.
* Database [https://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=492&s_id=39 Bombay Golf Clubs members] at 7th December 1845.


==Churches==
==Churches==
[[Image:Bombay St Thomas Church Interior.jpg|thumb|200px|right| St Thomas Church, Bombay]]
[[Image:Bombay Colaba Church Interior.jpg|thumb|200px|right| Colaba Church Interior, Bombay]]
'''Anglican'''
'''Anglican'''
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/allsaints.htm All Saints - Malabar Hill]
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/allsaints.htm All Saints - Malabar Hill]
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/christ.htm Christ Church - Byculla]
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/christ.htm Christ Church - Byculla]
*St. Thomas Cathedral - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833.  On the south side of Church Gate Street.  Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church.
*[http://stthomascathedral.org/index.htm St. Thomas Cathedral] - the oldest Anglican church in the city, built in 1718, consecrated 1816, became the cathedral of the See of Bombay in 1833.  On the south side of Church Gate Street.  Originally the garrison church. See ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Bombay Church]'' by Richard Cobbe for an account of the building of the English Church. There are some photographs of interest on [http://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/4574796680 flickr] and more on [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/india/mumbai-st-thomas-cathedral.htm Sacred Destinations website]. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP5xQwYNp5c  YouTube video] by indiavideo.org
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/afghan.htm St. John the Evangelist Church, Colaba] - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858.  Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]].
*[http://www.bdtapvtltd.org/afghan.htm St. John the Evangelist Church, Colaba] - aka the Afghan Church, consecrated 1858.  Built to commemorate the dead of the [[1st Afghan War]]. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTXc2ueTtPs  YouTube video] by indiavideo.org
 


'''Presbyterian'''
'''Presbyterian'''
*St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819
*St Andrew's - the Scotch Kirk, Rampart Row, opened 1819. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/23268776@N03/4812859842  Photograph: St Andrew's Kirk] by DBHKer flickr.com


'''Roman Catholic'''<br>
'''Roman Catholic'''<br>
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*St Nicholas
*St Nicholas
*Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861  
*Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861  
*Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888  
*Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888


==Cemeteries==
==Cemeteries==
 
See also [[List_of_cemeteries#B| List of Cemeteries]]
Refer also [http://www.wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=List_of_cemeteries#B List of Cemeteries]
*European Burial Ground, Queens Road
*European Burial Ground, Queens Road
*Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)
*Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)


==Schools==
==Schools==
The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815  with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children  
The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815  with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children  
*Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.
*Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.
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*Islamia School
*Islamia School


 
[[Image:Bombay - St Mary's High School.JPG|thumb|300px|right|St Mary's High School, Bombay]]
'''Catholic'''
'''Catholic'''


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==Orphan Schools==
==Orphan Schools==
Refer [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]
See [[Orphans#Bombay|Orphans-Bombay]]


==Tertiary Education==
==Tertiary Education==
*Elphinstone College 1835  
*Elphinstone College 1835  
*Grant Medical Institution 1845
*Grant Medical Institution 1845
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==Hospitals==
==Hospitals==
*European General Hospital
*European General Hospital
*Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886
*Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886
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==Military==
==Military==
[[Image:Colaba - The Barracks.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Barracks, Colaba]]
*Sion Fort
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sion_Hillock_Fort Sion Hillock Fort] Wikipedia
*HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command
*HQ of Bombay Brigade in Poona Division of the Western Command
*Garrison  
*Garrison  
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==Clubs==
==Clubs==
[[Image:The Yacht Club Bombay.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Yacht Club Bombay]]
*The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines
*The Catholic Gymkhana Club, Marine Lines
*Byculla Club, Byculla
*Byculla Club, Byculla
*Yacht Club, Wellington Pier
*Yacht Club, Wellington Pier
*Bombay Club,Esplanade
*Bombay Club,Esplanade
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Bombay_Yacht_Club Royal Bombay Yacht Club]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Gymkhana Bombay Gymkhana]
[[Image:Marine Lines Bombay.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marine Lines Bombay]]


==Growing up in Bombay==
*Maxine Steller was  born in 1930, daughter of  Bill Taylor who was in the Bombay Police Force. The family lived in quarters behind  the various police stations he was assigned to, including some very dangerous areas.  She describes her early life, including becoming the female singer in a band, and the conditions before and after independence, until she left in 1950 for Australia.<ref>[http://www.tajmahalfoxtrot.com/?p=1672    "Maxine Steller’s Bombay"] tajmahalfoxtrot.com </ref>
==Also see==
*[[Opium trade]]
==External links==
==External links==
===Historical Books Online===
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=8&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_404.gif Bombay City] Imperial Gazetteer
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20110809024634/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/index.html  Maharashtra State Gazette 1986] A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects. Now an archived website.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PXoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Life in Bombay, and the neighbouring out-stations''] by James Gray (1852) Google Books
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150810061424/http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5  History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence, now an archived webpage.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India. Part II. Bombay''] London: John Murray (1859) Google Books
*[http://www.cntraveller.in/story/these-mumbai-cemeteries-tell-a-story-of-the-citys-multicultural-past/ "These Mumbai cemeteries tell a story"] by  Prasad Ramamurthy August 30, 2016 cntraveller.in
*[http://www.archive.org/details/bombayplacenames00sheprich ''Bombay place-names and street-names; an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel Townsend Sheppard (1917) Archive.org
*Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/ Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]
*[https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/gallery/india.html  Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive.
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1500_1599/bombay/bombay.html Bombay] from [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/malabar/malabar.html  From the Gulf of Cambay on down the Malabar Coast, c.1700's-1850's: ports (with forts)] from Prof Fran Pritchett’s [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/index.html#dates  Indian Routes] (Columbia University).
*[http://cscs.res.in/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2008-10-16.1619148231/file "Bombay: A Colonial Port in Search of Business"] by Amar Farooqui. cscs.res.in. First chapter of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui 2006, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01013423658 .
*[http://homegrown.co.in/hidden-history-the-forgotten-stories-behind-12-of-mumbais-forts/ Hidden History: The Forgotten Stories Behind 12 Of Mumbai’s Forts] June 29, 2015. homegrown.co.in
*From Bombay To Mumbai: A Journey Through Postcards  [http://mumbaimag.com/postcards-from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-photographs/ Part 1], [http://mumbaimag.com/from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-postcards-part-2/ Part 2], [http://mumbaimag.com/from-bombay-to-mumbai-a-journey-through-postcards-part-3  Part 3] by Rushikesh Kulkarni c November 2012 mumbaimag.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130415012108/http://housing.co.in/blog/2013/04/11/from-bombay-to-mumbai-in-pictures/ From Bombay to Mumbai – In Pictures]. ‘Then’ and ‘now’ photographs. April 11, 2013 housing.co.in, now archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140713075234/http://thevoiceofthezamorin.blogspot.in/2012/12/the-origin-of-bombay-street-names.html The Origin of Bombay Street Names] “The voice of the Zamorin” 22 July 2013, now archived.
*[http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/onmyplate/entry/how-bombay-gave-india-its-weekend-breaks-and-holidays "How Bombay gave India its weekend breaks and holidays"] by Vikram Doctor  January 14, 2013 ''The Economic Times''
*[http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/untoldlives/2013/01/forbes-and-company-one-of-the-oldest-businesses-in-the-world.html Forbes & Company - one of the oldest businesses in the world still in business] was established by a Scot in Bombay in 1767. British Library-Untold Lives 18 January 2013
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131042/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120805/jsp/opinion/story_15808694.jsp "A Tale of Two Buildings - Bombay’s splendid edifices"] by Malavika Karlekar  August 5, 2012  ''The Telegraph Calcutta'', now an archived webpage. The University of Bombay: University Hall opened in 1874 and the Rajabai Clock Tower completed in 1878
*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WATSON’S-ESPLANADE-HOTEL.jpg#/media/File:WATSON’S-ESPLANADE-HOTEL.jpg Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] c 1865 painting. Wikimedia.org.
*[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vim0PsB8bW75gL0GQFEkaK/Mumbai-Multiplex--The-line-starts-here.html "Mumbai Multiplex : The line starts here"] by  Supriya Nair 4 January  2013. livemint.com "The ‘heritage wing’ of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a railway enthusiast’s dream", with a slideshow of images.
*[http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-best-story-113030900269_1.html The BEST <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bus<nowiki>]</nowiki> Museum] by Ranjita Ganesan.  Business Standard  March 9, 2013.  BEST originally stood for Bombay Electric Supply and Tramways which was Bombay’s  oldest transport service provider.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Explosion_(1944) Bombay Explosion 1944] Wikipedia and [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710072759/http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html Explosion in Bombay 14 April 1944] Merchantnavyofficers.com, now archived. The book ''Bombay Explosion'' by John Ennis 1959 is available at the [[British Library]] UIN: BLL01001144858 . American title: ''The Great Bombay Explosion''.
*[https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/2732 World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
 
====Maps====
*[https://www.loc.gov/item/2015588078/  Map of the native town of Bombay, completed to 1855] Library of Congress.
*Rootsweb Historical Maps of India (by Ian Poyntz)
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg  Bombay 1893]
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay 1909]
**[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1924.jpg  Bombay 1924]
 
====Historical images online====
*[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-RCMS-00085/1 Panorama of Bombay] c 1837 “taken from the top of Sir Jenisedjie Jeejeebhoy's house - drawn and coloured on the spot by T. Wingate” University of Cambridge Digital Library.
 
====Historical books online====
*''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':
*''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'':
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623768#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 1] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - History'' 1893 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623776#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 2] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Trade and Fortifications'' 1894 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924070623784#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 26, Part 3] ''Materials towards a statistical account of the Town and Island of Bombay - Administration'' 1894 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/angloportuguesen00khaniala ''Anglo Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay 1660-1677''] by Shafaat Ahmad  Khan 1922. Archive.org
*''The Times of India Directory''. The following volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.
*[https://archive.org/details/how-bombay-was-ceded ''How Bombay was Ceded''] by  J H Gense S J, PhD (St. Xavier's College, Bombay)  published c 1939. Archive.org.  The Treaties of 1661 and 1665.
**''The Times of India Calendar and Directory for 1907''. Contains information for India generally. Contents, computer page 51
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/JQU5IHNH6UGILO5L3VB662KPJHNTRGDF ''A new account of East-India and Persia : : in eight letters being nine years travels, begun 1672 and finished 1681''] by John Fryer 1698 London. Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Includes Bombaim [Bombay].
**''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1932''. Index, computer page 42
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NmpCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR4 ‪ ''A Voyage to Suratt: In the Year, 1689'']‬ by John Ovington. Chaplain to his Majesty. 1696 Google Books. Includes Bombay.
**''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Presidency) Karachi-Poona- Ahmedabad etc. 1935''. Index, computer page 26
:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79805 ''A Voyage To Surat In The Year 1689''] by John Ovington, edited by H G Rawlinson, with commentary, 1929 Archive.org. Some words may be missing due to the scanning. [https://archive.org/details/voyagetosuratiny00jovi/page/n7/mode/2up 1994 reprint of the 1929 edition] Archive.org.
**''The Times of India Directory of Bombay (City and Provincial) including Karachi and Hyderabad State 1939''. Index, computer page 13
*[https://archive.org/details/bombayinthedayso011731mbp/page/n11/mode/2up ''Bombay in the days of Queen Anne  being an Account of the Settlement''] by John Burnell.  Printed for the Hakluyt Society, Second Series Volume LXXII 1933. Written c 1709-1710. Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=-jNagGDT-PsC&pg=PA183 "Bombay"] ''A new account of the East Indies, Volume 1'', page 183 by Alexander Hamilton 1744 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=CotCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''A voyage to the East Indies with observations on various parts there''] by John Henry Grose 1757 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RrA2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP7 ''A voyage to the East Indies: containing authentic accounts of... the viceroyalties of the Decan and Bengal, with their several subordinate dependances ... With general reflections on the trade of India, Volume 1''] by John Henry Grose,  New Edition 1772  Google Books (Also [http://books.google.com/books?id=pLA2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume 2]).  Archive.org version may have extra illustrations [https://archive.org/details/voyagetoeastindi01gros Volume 1] ([https://archive.org/details/voyagetoeastindi02grosiala Volume 2])
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jCBhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Travels, in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, during a series of thirty years and upwards''] by John MacDonald, 1790. Google Books. Pages 154-278 cover the time the author (born 1741) spent In India, mostly in Bombay, as a servant c late 1760s/early 1770s. Republished in 1927 under the title ''Memoirs of an eighteenth-century footman, John Macdonald : Travels (1745-1779)''. [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004857217.0001.000  A transcription]  ECCO-TPC umich.edu.
*[http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN66359457X&PHYSID=PHYS_0103 "A Description of some of the Artificial Caverns in the Neighbourhood of Bombay"] digital page 103 (actual page 83) ''A Concise Account Of The Climate, Produce, Trade, Government, Manners, and Customs, Of The Kingdom Of Pegu'' by W. Hunter A.M. Surgeon. Calcutta printed, reprinted London  1789 Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
*''Selections from the Letters, Despatches, and Other State Papers preserved in the Bombay Secretariat: Home Series'' edited by Sir George Forrest 1887 Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaysecretar01forruoft#page/n7/mode/2up  Volume 1]. Includes Selections from the Bombay Letters 1677-1742. [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaysecretar02forruoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 2] includes selections from the Bombay Diaries 1720-1788
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=ItICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The Bombay Church or, A true account of the building and finishing the English church at Bombay''] by Richard Cobbe 1766 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=_LwIAAAAQAAJ ''An Historical Account of the Settlement and Possession of Bombay, by the English East India Company, and of the Rise and Progress of the War with the Mahratta Nation''] by Samuel Pechel (1781) Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n3/mode/2up ''The Origin of Bombay''] by J. Gerson da Cunha 1900 Archive.org. There is no Contents page. [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n243/mode/2up Chapter V The Early British Period (from 1661), page 239], [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n329/mode/2up Chapter VI the Later British Period (from 1700), page 324], [http://www.archive.org/stream/originbombay00cunhgoog#page/n371/mode/2up Index].
*[https://archive.org/details/honourablecompan0000bell/page/n7 ''Honourable Company''] by  Margaret Bellasis 1953. Archive.org Lending Library. Bombay and the Bellasis family. John Bellasis (1743-1808) went to Bombay in 1768 as an Ensign of Artillery. He rose to Commander-in Chief, Bombay.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 Bombay 1809] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) Illustrated by Engravings, Google Books. [http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1057 Maria Graham] ''British Travel Writing''.
*[https://archive.org/details/bombayindaysofge00drewrich  ''Bombay in the days of George IV : memoirs of Sir Edward West, Chief Justice of the King's Court during its conflict with the East India Company, with hitherto unpublished documents''] by by F. Dawtrey Drewitt 1907 Archive.org. Sir Edward West arrived in Bombay in February 1823 and died there in 1828.
*''Western India in 1838'' by Mrs Postans [Marianne] 1839. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BHYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume I], [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BXYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume II] Google Books. [http://www4.wlv.ac.uk/btw/authors/1113 Marianne Postans] ''British Travel Writing''. Born 1811, she was married to Thomas Postans, an officer in the Bombay Native Infantry.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.41561/page/384/mode/2up Bombay in June 1842] page 384  ''Australia and the East: Being a Journal Narrative of a Voyage to New South Wales in an Emigrant ship with A residence of some Months in Sydney and the Bush, and the Route home by way of India and Egypt in the year 1841 and 1842'' by John Hood 1843 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=H4cIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Sketches of India: with notes on the seasons, scenery and society of Bombay, Elephanta, and Salsette''] by Henry Moses MD 1850 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dt0wAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP7  ''Life in Bombay, and the neighbouring out-stations''] by James Gray 1852 Google Books. Also available  [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000059DC0 British Library Digital Collection version], where the pages, including images, are rotatable.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RQ8NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 ''The English in Western India: being the early history of the factory at Surat, of Bombay, and the subordinate factories on the western coast''] by Philip Anderson (1854) Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_w0_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government No I New Series: On the Supply of Water to Bombay''] 1854 Google Books
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TA9eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 ''An Exposure of the Haunts of Infamy and Dens of Vice in Bombay. Collected from facts''] by Michael Kirwan Joyce, late Bombay Police Force. 1854 Google Books
*''Chow-Chow; being selections from a journal kept in India, Egypt and Syria'' by Amelia Cary 1857 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=avhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3  Volume I], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bvhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP11 Volume II].  The author was the wife of Lord Falkland the Governor of Bombay 1848-1853
*[https://archive.org/details/ourrealdangerini00forj ''Our real danger in India''] by C Forjett, late Commissioner of Police of Bombay c 1877. Archive.org.  Includes the author’s views on the causes of the [[Indian Mutiny]]  and his part in the preventative and precautionary measures taken in Bombay during the Mutiny.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA237 ''A Handbook for India: Being an Account of the Three Presidencies, and of the Overland Route; intended as a guide for Travellers, Officers and Civilians. Part II Bombay''] by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1859 Google Books
*[http://archive.org/stream/shellsfromsands00wach#page/n3/mode/2up ''Shells from the sands of Bombay; being my recollections and reminiscences, 1860-1875''] by Sir D E Wacha 1920. With some illustrations. [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_7008467_000 Alternative file] where images may be easier to view. Archive.org.
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/financialchapter00wachuoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Financial Chapter in the History of Bombay City 1864-65''] by Dinsha Edulji Wacha 2nd Edition 1910 Archive.org.  Includes the failure of the Bank of Bombay.
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/risegrowthofbomb00wachiala#page/n1/mode/2up ''Rise and Growth of Bombay Municipal Government''] by D. E. Wacha 1913 Archive.org
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=cYAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5 ''The Bombay Riots of 1874''] Compiled and Printed at ''The Bombay Gazette'' 1874 Google Books. [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.107772/page/n4/mode/1up  2nd file], Archive.org.
:[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=u8AHT7l6rxsC&pg=PA1 ''The Bombay Riots of 1874''] by “W” (Printed for Private Circulation).  Printed at the Times of India, Office. 1874 Google Books. Verses.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6094/mode/2up ''Macleanʼs Guide to Bombay'' 1875] by J M Maclean  includes [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6094/page/n265/mode/2up ''Part 2 Bombay Directory'' 1875] Archive.org. Note lacks title page, but date of publication seems accurate, as the Contents refers to "Almanac 1875-76".
:[https://archive.org/details/guide-bombay-1876/page/n19/mode/2up ''A Guide to Bombay, Historical, Statistical and Descriptive'' 1876 2nd Edition] by James Mackenzie Maclean.  Includes [https://archive.org/details/guide-bombay-1876/page/n351/mode/2up Part 2 ''Bombay Directory'' 1876]
:[https://archive.org/details/guidebombay1889/page/n15/mode/2up  14th Edition 1889]. Includes [https://archive.org/details/guidebombay1889/page/n507/mode/2up Part 2 ''Bombay Directory'' 1889]
:[https://archive.org/details/guidebombay-1893/page/n11/mode/2up 18th Edition 1893].  Includes [https://archive.org/details/guidebombay-1893/page/n539/mode/2up Part 2 ''Bombay Directory'' 1893]
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.4614/page/n1/mode/2up 31st Edition, 1906], [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5291/page/n1/mode/2up Part 2 ''Bombay Directory'', 1906] (separate book file)  All Archive.org
*[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/25973 ''Bombay Riots of August 1893''] by ''Times of India''.  GIPE Digitised Books, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics - Pune.
*''Bombay and Western India: a Series of Stray Papers'' by James Douglas 1893 [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaywesternind01doug#page/n7/mode/2up  Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/bombaywesternind02doug#page/n5/mode/2up  Volume 2] Archive.org
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India, with other Papers''] by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org
*''The Times of India Directory'', published in Bombay. 
:See [[Directories online#The Times of India Directory|Directories online - The Times of India Directory]] for publications 1897 and 1932-1954.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/risebombayaretr00edwagoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect''] by SM Edwardes 1902 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/risebombayaretr00edwagoog#page/n388/mode/2up Index]. Reprinted from Volume X of the ''Census of India Series 1901''
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/visitorsillustr00pindgoog#page/n2/mode/2up ''Visitors’ Illustrated Guide to Bombay''] by D. A. Pinder 1904 Archive.org
*A collection of photographs from  [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/p15195coll29 ''India Illustrated: Being a Collection of Pictures of the Cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, Together with a Selection of the Most Interesting Buildings and Scenes throughout India''], published by Bennett, Coleman, & Co., publishers of the English language newspaper ''Times of India'', c 1905. University of Houston Digital Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/wideworldmag1910-v25/page/581/mode/2up  "A Remarkable War. Plague Fighting in Bombay"] by Dr J A Turner, Medical Officer of Health, Bombay page 582 ''The Wide World Magazine. Volume 25 1910 May-October''. Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/electricityinind00bomb#page/n7/mode/2up ''Electricity in India , being a history of the Tata Hydro- Electric Project with notes on the Mill Industry in Bombay''], edited by SM Rutnagur 1912 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/charmofbombayant00kark ''The Charm of Bombay, an Anthology of Writings in Praise of the First City in India''] edited by R P Karkaria 1915 Archive.org.
*[http://archive.org/stream/bycullaclub1833100shepuoft#page/n10/mode/1up ''The Byculla Club 1833-1916, A History''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1916 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024157954 ''Bombay place-names and street-names : an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1917 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1359/page/n1/mode/2up ''Bombay''] by Samuel T Sheppard 1932. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Historical aspects.
*[https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0001/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1 <nowiki>]</nowiki> ''] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India ('''Bombay''', Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. [https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0002/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans''] by C C James 1917 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/1927000a ''Army and Navy Guide to Bombay''] Archive.org. Incorrectly catalogued 1927, as this is a WW2 era publication aimed at visiting soldiers on recreational leave. Page 65 includes a  1942 date, which is probably the date of publication. Format is as a series of images, not the usual book format.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA281 The cantonment at Colaba Bombay] , page 281 ''Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1862'' Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/444/mode/2up Bombay] page 445 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*''The Bombay Miscellany'', a monthly magazine [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=b60IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1  Volume 1, November 1860-April 1861], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZrQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 Volume 4, May to October 1862] Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=SJ4EAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The Bombay Builder: an illustrated journal of engineering architecture, science & art Volume 1''] 1865 Google Books
 
== References ==
<references />
 


===Other===
*[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/publications.html  Maharashtra State Gazette 1986]A modern gazette of Bombay with a comprehensive history of the city taken from many historic records and books. Detailed yet very readible and covers many subjects.
*[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bombay_City Bombay City] ''Love to Know 1911''.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=5  History of Mumbai] A brief yet informative history covering key people and events during European settlement and post Independence
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai History of Mumbai] ''Wikipedia''.
*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/bombay_1909.jpg Bombay Map 1909] from the Asia Historical Maps Collection, University of Texas, Austin
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2310/stories/20060602000307600.htm “Narcotics and empire”] from Frontline-The Hindu. A review of the book ''Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay'' by Amar Farooqui
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Explosion_(1944) Bombay Explosion 1944] Wikipedia and [http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html Explosion in Bombay 14 April 1944] Merchantnavyofficers.com. The book ''Bombay Explosion'' by John Ennis 1959 is available at the [[British Library]]
*[http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=2732&CISOBOX=1&REC=11#metajump World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Bombay, India. 1945] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
*[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1076621 Watson's Hotel, Mumbai] Photographs from Skyscrapercity.com
*Lieutenant Lachlan Macquarie arrived in India in August 1788 with the 77th Regiment of Foot. His [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/documents.html Journal] describes his life in Bombay. From Macquarie University’s [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive]
*[http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/gallery/india.html  Eight Views of Bombay by James Wales (1791-1795)] from Macquarie University’s Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive


===Maps===
*[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Bombay1893.jpg  Bombay1893]
*[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/.jpg  Bombay1924]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Bombay]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]

Latest revision as of 06:32, 8 August 2024

Bombay (City)
Presidency: Bombay
Coordinates: 19.017656°N, 72.85618°E
Altitude: 8 m (26 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Mumbai
State/Province: Maharashtra
Country: India
Transport links
Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
Great Indian Peninsula Railway
Bombay Port Trust Railway

See page Bombay Railways & Stations for details

FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Bombay (City)



Bombay was the capital of the Bombay Presidency and the headquarters of the district of the same name during the British period. Now called Mumbai, it is the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

Geography

Originally there were Seven Islands of Bombay:

They were gradually merged by land reclamation until they were one land mass by 1845.

History

Located on the inlet of Bom Bahia (beautiful bay), the city was Portuguese controlled from 1534. It passed to British rule in 1661 when it was received by Charles II as part of his marriage dowry from his Portuguese wife, Catherine of Braganza. During this time there were three Royal Governors. In 1668 it was granted to the East India Company for a lease of ten pounds a year and was administered by Company Governors. These became Crown Governors when rule was transferred to the UK government. Until the 18th century, Bombay consisted of seven islands. The islands were merged to form the present day location of the city.

Compared to the other Presidencies, Bombay was of minor significance before 1800. The English were very much the minority. Recognising this, a liberal attitude encouraged progressive Indian cotton merchants, this freedom resulted in Bombay's economic importance. It was the cotton industry that spurred economic migration to the city from surrounding rural areas, and saw Bombay’s population grow rapidly:

  • Year Population
  • 1700 10,000
  • 1800 100,000
  • 1900 775 000

Following the Battle of Kirkee 1817 and the defeat of the Peshwas, the Bhor Ghat road to Poona opened 1830, allowing greater access to the Deccan cotton fields. Bombay became the commercial centre of the Malwa opium trade, and opium also became the basis for the prosperity of Bombay.[1] Railways much improved goods transport, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR)opened in 1864. This allowed Bombay to fill the global demand for cotton resulting from shortages as a consequence of the American Civil War’s blockade of its southern ports(1860-1865). The opening of the Suez Canal 1869 further shortened the passage to England. The resultant economic boom saw wealthy businessmen sponsor many civic buildings – University Library Buildings, Jamsetji Jijibhoy (JJ) School of Art, and the Mechanics Institute. From the 1860‘s many municipal improvement schemes focused on improving health and sanitation.

Because of the cosmopolitan mix of Bombay Society, it is architecturally unlike the most of colonial india's neo-classicism; the wealth citizens of Bombay, and the city's Public Works Department opted for Venetian-Gothic designs with alterations to suit the Indian Climate. Victoria Terminus the station of the GIPR, adorned with Indian motifs represents this patronage. Bombay introduced Modernist architecture to India seeing new concrete construction methods as an inclusive architecture available to India's masses in the lead up to Independence.

Bombay City Improvement Trust

The Bombay City Improvement Trust was created on December 9, 1898, in response to the Bobbay plague epidemic of 1896. It was created through an Act of the Parliament. The Municipal Corporation and the government handed over all vacant lands to this body. The Trust undertook a host of measures to improve sanitary and living conditions in the city. The planned opening up of suburbs was due to the Trust [2]

The Trust widened roads in the central, crowded, parts of the town. A new east-west road, the Princess Street, was constructed to channel the sea air into the centre of the crowded residential areas. The north-south Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road) was also constructed with this end in view [2].

The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion suburban development was started in 1899 with the express purpose of relieving congestion to the south. Well-laid out plots, with mixed land-use patterns marked these sections. Completed in 1900, access to these parts were through the newly completed Mohammedali Road [2].

The Trust was later merged with the Municipal Corporation and known as the Bombay Development Department/Directorate.

FIBIS Resources

Churches

St Thomas Church, Bombay
Colaba Church Interior, Bombay

Anglican

Presbyterian

Roman Catholic
Addresses of all current Catholic Churches in Mumbai (Archdiocese of Mumbai). See also Bombay in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.

  • Cathedral of the Holy Name
  • Church of the Holy Trinity
  • Gloria Church - aka Nossa Senhora de Gloria, founded 1632, at Byculla
  • Mount Mary Church, Bandra - aka the Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount
  • Our Lady of Egypt - founded 1606
  • Our Lady of Good Counsel - aka Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho, founded 1596
  • Our Lady of Health - aka Nossa Senhora de Saude, built 1794
  • Our Lady of Hope - aka Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, demolished
  • Our Lady of Salvation - aka Nossa Senhora de Salvação or the Portuguese Church, founded 1596, current structure is 1974
  • St. Andrew's Church - built 1575
  • St Michaels - founded by the Portuguese in 1534 (current building dates only to 1973)
  • St Peter's, Bandra - Jesuit church. Original building 1852, current building 1938, consecrated 1964

Other

  • Free Church of Scotland
  • Wesleyan Methodist Church - at Colaba
  • St Nicholas
  • Synagogue Megan David, Byculla 1861
  • Synagogue Kneseth Elijah, The Fort 1888

Cemeteries

See also List of Cemeteries

  • European Burial Ground, Queens Road
  • Mavgav, Byculla, the oldest cemetery (Bene-Israel)

Schools

The English established the Bombay Education Society 1815 with the primary object of educating European and Anglo-Indian children. But from the very beginning the society admitted Indian children to its schools without making religious education compulsory. In 1818 the society started English schools in Bombay city. In 1820 it established a separate committee, the Bombay Native Education Society to look after the education of Indian children

  • Fort Proprietary School was opened in 1859.
  • Scottish Schools (Byculla),
  • Scottish Schools (Fort),
  • Cathedral Choir School (Fort)
  • Cathedral High Scool
  • Alexandra Girls School
  • Islamia School
St Mary's High School, Bombay

Catholic

Boys

  • The High School of St. Xavier
  • St. Mary's High School

Girls

  • Girls High Schools, at Clare road, Par el and the Fort.
  • St. Joseph's Foundling Home
  • St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girl

Orphan Schools

See Orphans-Bombay

Tertiary Education

  • Elphinstone College 1835
  • Grant Medical Institution 1845
  • Bombay Law School
  • The Government Law College, 1855
  • Wilson College
  • St Xavier’s College (Catholic)
  • The Sydenham College
  • Jamsetji Jijibhoy School of Art
  • Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute

Hospitals

  • European General Hospital
  • Cama Hospital opened on the Esplanade in August 1886
  • Bomanji Edulji Albless Obstetric Hospital in 1890
  • St. George's Hospital Government (for Europeans) in December 1892
  • The Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital 1868
  • Acworth Leprosy Hospital , Wadala was established in 1890
  • National Medical College on 4 September 1921
  • Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in 1927
  • Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children in 1929
  • Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College was started in June 1925,
  • King Edward Memorial Hospital in February 1926
  • The Nair Hospital Dental College
  • The Ismail Yusuf College, established in 1929-30

Newspapers

  • Bombay Chronicle, 1918-1933
  • Times of India, 1873-1942
  • Bombay Gazette,
  • Advocate of India (Anglo-Indian)

Military

Barracks, Colaba
  • Sion Fort
Sion Hillock Fort Wikipedia

Clubs

The Yacht Club Bombay
Marine Lines Bombay

Growing up in Bombay

  • Maxine Steller was born in 1930, daughter of Bill Taylor who was in the Bombay Police Force. The family lived in quarters behind the various police stations he was assigned to, including some very dangerous areas. She describes her early life, including becoming the female singer in a band, and the conditions before and after independence, until she left in 1950 for Australia.[3]

Also see

External links

Maps

Historical images online

  • Panorama of Bombay c 1837 “taken from the top of Sir Jenisedjie Jeejeebhoy's house - drawn and coloured on the spot by T. Wingate” University of Cambridge Digital Library.

Historical books online

A Voyage To Surat In The Year 1689 by John Ovington, edited by H G Rawlinson, with commentary, 1929 Archive.org. Some words may be missing due to the scanning. 1994 reprint of the 1929 edition Archive.org.
A Financial Chapter in the History of Bombay City 1864-65 by Dinsha Edulji Wacha 2nd Edition 1910 Archive.org. Includes the failure of the Bank of Bombay.
Rise and Growth of Bombay Municipal Government by D. E. Wacha 1913 Archive.org
The Bombay Riots of 1874 by “W” (Printed for Private Circulation). Printed at the Times of India, Office. 1874 Google Books. Verses.
A Guide to Bombay, Historical, Statistical and Descriptive 1876 2nd Edition by James Mackenzie Maclean. Includes Part 2 Bombay Directory 1876
14th Edition 1889. Includes Part 2 Bombay Directory 1889
18th Edition 1893. Includes Part 2 Bombay Directory 1893
31st Edition, 1906, Part 2 Bombay Directory, 1906 (separate book file) All Archive.org
  • Bombay Riots of August 1893 by Times of India. GIPE Digitised Books, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics - Pune.
  • Bombay and Western India: a Series of Stray Papers by James Douglas 1893 Volume 1, Volume 2 Archive.org
Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India, with other Papers by James Douglas 1900 Archive.org
  • The Times of India Directory, published in Bombay.
See Directories online - The Times of India Directory for publications 1897 and 1932-1954.
Bombay place-names and street-names : an excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City by Samuel T Sheppard 1917 Archive.org
Bombay by Samuel T Sheppard 1932. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Historical aspects.

References

  1. ↑ “Narcotics and empire” from Frontline-The Hindu Volume 23 - Issue 10: 20 May - 2 June 2006, now archived; Article by Dipesh Karmarkar academia.edu. Discussions of the book Opium City, The Making of Early Victorian Bombay by Amar Farooqui 2006, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01013423658 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wikipedia "Bombay City Improvement Trust"; Retrieved 14 Mar 2017
  3. ↑ "Maxine Steller’s Bombay" tajmahalfoxtrot.com
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