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'''Darjeeling''' was a [[hill station]] in [[Bengal]].
'''Darjeeling''' was a [[hill station]] in [[Bengal]].


There were military cantonments at '''Jalapahar''' (alternative spelling '''Jellapahar''') (established 1848), Darjeeling and at '''Lebong''', situated below Darjeeling about eight miles away.  
There were military cantonments at '''[[Jalapahar]]''' (alternative spelling '''Jellapahar''') (established 1848), Darjeeling and at '''Lebong''', situated below Darjeeling about eight miles away. Lebong cantonment was established in 1882 as part of the Jalapahar cantonment, and became a separate cantonment in 1895.<ref>[http://mygorkhaland.wordpress.com/tag/dehradun//Discursive-Hills-Book-Review-.html Dr. Wangyal's Column : Discursive Hills] November 2008 mygorkhaland.wordpress.com</ref> There were artillery barracks at '''Katapahar''', above Darjeeling and it appears that this was what was called the Darjeeling cantonment. The term "Darjeeling cantonment" seems at times to have also included Jalapahar, which was a convalescent depot.  
Lebong cantonment was established in 1882 as part of the Jalapahar cantonment, and became a separate cantonment in 1895.<ref>[http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/news/news/Discursive-Hills-Book-Review-.html Dr. Wangyal's Column : Discursive Hills] 1 November 2008 Darjeelingtimes.com</ref>There were artillery barracks at '''Katapahar''', above Darjeeling and it appears that this was what was called the Darjeeling cantonment. The term "Darjeeling cantonment" seems at times to have also included Jalapahar, which was a convalescent depot.  
<br>'''Senchal''' was a station five miles from Darjeeling,  at an elevation of about 8,600 feet.
<br>'''Takdah''' 16 miles south east of Darjeeling by motor road was in use as a cantonment for two Gurkha battalions 1910 to 1926, when it was closed due to unsuitable climatic conditions.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150149/page/n149/mode/1up Page 146] ''Bengal District Gazetteers - Darjeeling''  by Arthur Jules Dash 1947 Archive.org.</ref> In 1915 it was the Depot for 2nd 10th Gurkha Rifles<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41117/page/n489 Page 483] ''The Quarterly Civil List For Bengal (1915) No.196''.  Archive.org. Incorrectly catalogued 1918.</ref> and in January 1919 was listed as a [[POW Camps in India|Place of Internment/Prisoner of War Camp]].
 
==Spelling variants==
Modern name: Darjeeling<br>
Variants: Darjeeling/Darjiiling/Darjiling/Dorjeling


==Cemeteries==
==Cemeteries==
*[http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00002d.htm Darjeeling Old Cemetery] darjeeling-tourism.com (This cemetery is also known as Hill Cart Road Cemetery or Hooker Road cemetery)
*[http://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_00002d.htm Darjeeling Old Cemetery] darjeeling-tourism.com (This cemetery is also known as Hill Cart Road Cemetery or Hooker Road cemetery)
**[http://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=521&s_id=711 Named images of graves at Hill Cart Road cemetery] Fibis database
**[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=521&s_id=711 Named images of graves at Hill Cart Road cemetery] Fibis database
**[http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/opinions/general/231-darjeelings-english-cemetery.html Darjeeling's English Cemetery] by Rebecca Bragg  7 February 2010 and also the  [http://www.rebeccabragg.com/updated_story_10.html updated  information] from her website  including a Questions and Answer session with a [[BACSA]] representative in July 2010 and [http://www.rebeccabragg.com/cemetery_photos_7.html Cemetery photos]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20150315122011/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/news/Ecological-issue/Darjeelings-English-Cemetery.html Darjeeling’s English Cemetery] by Rebecca Bragg with informative comments at the end,  November 06, 2009 DarjeelingTimes.com, (now archived), a subsequent article dated [https://web.archive.org/web/20131121012742/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/opinions/general/231-darjeelings-english-cemetery.html 7 February 2010] (now archived) and also the  [https://web.archive.org/web/20160625074459/http://rebeccabragg.com/updated_story_10.html updated  information] from her website (now archived) including a Questions and Answer session with a [[BACSA]] representative in July 2010 and [https://web.archive.org/web/20160625053923/http://rebeccabragg.com/cemetery_photos_7.html Cemetery photos], now archived.
:An earlier article by Rebecca Bragg, also called [http://web.archive.org/web/20100108042617/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/news/Ecological-issue/Darjeelings-English-Cemetery.html Darjeeling’s English Cemetery] dated 6 November 2009 contains a number of comments at the bottom of the article, including those  of Peter J. Karthak, 8 November 2009 who mentions other cemeteries, including the Jewish Cemetery. darjeelingtimes.com, now an archived webpage
*Darjeeling New Cemetery.  (Singtom Cemetery] Established 1858. In the 1980s this cemetery was in a devastated condition, <ref>Sinclair, James. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201019043430/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread=15656986 Destruction of graves] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'',  26 August 1998, now archived.</ref> but subsequently [[BACSA]] provided a substantial grant for restoration c 1998 for the Singtom cemetery and a further grant for the   old St Andrew's Cemetery.<ref>llewellyn-jones, rosie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201019043738/https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=india&thread=12905364 Darjeeling Cemetery] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'',  11 February 2000, now archived.</ref>
* Darjeeling New Cemetery.  (Singtom Cemetery] Established 1858.
*The Jewish cemetery. The approximate location is mentioned in the comments by Peter J. Karthak on November 8, 2009 in Rebecca Bragg's article above. No records appear to have survived.
** This [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2007-05/1179823575 India List post] reports that the Singtom cemetery is in a neglected state and gravestones have disappeared. 
* The Jewish cemetery in Darjeeling was maintained by the Board of the Calcutta Jewish Cemetery <ref>[http://www.indianjews.org/english/?page_id=194 A Historical Review of the Calcutta Jewish Cemetery] indianjews.org. The Oseh Haised Board also maintained the Jewish cemetery in Darjeeling.</ref>
*Jalahapar Old Cemetery
*Jalahapar Old Cemetery
*Jalahapar New Cemetery
*Jalahapar New Cemetery


A [[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia)]] cemetery publication is
*''Darjeeling and the Dooars: Christian Cemeteries and Memorials 1842–1995'' by Eileen Hewson, 2006.    A record of the cemeteries and isolated graves from this corner of India with MIs and biographical notes on the planters and other notable tombs. 93pp, 23 illustrations, and map. See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books]. [[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] have put the indexes to its cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for full details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service.
:The above publication is now also available as part of a pdf publication [https://www.kabristanbookshop.com/product/india-publications/burials-in-assam-n-e-india-1793-1974-pdf-format/ ''Burials In Assam & N.E. India 1793-1974''] by Eileen Hewson, from Kabristan Archives.
The [[BACSA]] Archive at the [[British Library]] contains two files relating to Darjeeling Mss Eur F370/653-654, the latter includes "registers".


A [[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia)]] cemetery publication is
There is advice in the webpage "Darjeeling’s historic graves"<ref>[https://leonjlyell.blogspot.com/2020/05/photographing-darjeelings-historic.html "Darjeeling’s historic graves"] 14 October 2020 leonjlyell.blogspot.com</ref> that Find a Grave, refer External links below, has entries for several specified Darjeeling cemeteries.  
*''Darjeeling and the Dooars: Christian Cemeteries and Memorials 1842–1995'' by Eileen Hewson, 2006.    A record of the cemeteries and isolated graves from this corner of India with MIs and biographical notes on the planters and other notable tombs. 93pp, 23 illustrations, and map. See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books]. ([[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] are in the process of putting the indexes to its cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service).


==Churches and Missions==
==Churches and Missions==
[[Image:St Andrew's Church, Darjeeling.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St Andrew's Church, Darjeeling]]
[[Image:St Andrew's Church, Darjeeling.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St Andrew's Church, Darjeeling]]
* [http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/p/m/220341/St Columba's Church] (Estab 1894) virtualtourist.com
* [http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/East/West_Bengal/Darjeeling/photo1413561.htm St Columba's Church] (Estab 1894) trekearth.com
* St Andrew's Church (Built 1843 and rebuilt 1873)
* Immaculate Conception Church (Catholic) - (Estab 1848)
* Immaculate Conception Church (Catholic) - (Estab 1848)
* Sacred Heart Church - (Catholic) - (Estab 1898)
* Sacred Heart Church - (Catholic) - (Estab 1898)
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*Bishop Cotton School
*Bishop Cotton School
*Loretto Convent
*Loretto Convent
**[http://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=929&s_id=229 List of "The Children of Mary" taken from a roll of honour at the Loreto Convent School at Darjeeling 1888-1912]  Fibis database
**[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=929&s_id=229 List of "The Children of Mary" taken from a roll of honour at the Loreto Convent School at Darjeeling 1888-1912]  Fibis database
*Mount Hermon School
*Mount Hermon School
*St Joseph's , North Point
*St Joseph's , North Point
*St Paul's (Jalapahar)
**[http://www.sjcnorthpoint.com/annual.php  North Point Annuals from 1895]  including
***''The North Point Annual Volume II, No 5, 1917'' [http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjcnorthpoint.com%2Fannuals%2FNorth%20Point%20-%201917.pdf html version], [http://www.sjcnorthpoint.com/annuals/North%20Point%20-%201917.pdf pdf]. Includes details of students'  war service.
***[http://www.sjcnorthpoint.com/annuals/A%20Century%20Observed.pdf ''A Century Observed 1888-1898''] History of the School
* St Michael's (girls school). Changed it's name to Government College in 1947.
*St Paul's (Jalapahar)  
:[http://www.stpaulsdarjeeling.com/history.php? History of St. Paul's School, Darjeeling]  from the School website.
:St. Paul’s was run on the lines of a typical British public school. C 1937 most of the teachers were British, some Anglo-Indians and two Indians. Most of the pupils were Christians, Jews and Armenians, and there were also some Hindus and a few Moslems. Whenever the students went out they wore the school cap and carried an umbrella as it rained quite often in Darjeeling.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143518/https://sayeedsjournal.wordpress.com/chapter-5-st-pauls-school-darjeeling-1937-38/ "Chapter 5 St. Paul’s School, Darjeeling 1937-38"] by Khwaja Sayeed Shahabuddin (born 1923) from his autobiography ''Lest I Forget''.</ref>


== Records ==
== Records ==
*The [[British Library]] has the following book in its catalogue:
*The [[British Library]] has the following book in its catalogue:
''Taylor’s Maps of the following Tea Districts, Darjeeling, Terai, Jalpaiguri and Dooars, Darrang, Golaghat, Jorhat Nowgong, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh, Cachar, Sylhet, with complete Index to all Tea Gardens'', published 1910
:''Taylor’s Maps of the following Tea Districts, Darjeeling, Terai, Jalpaiguri and Dooars, Darrang, Golaghat, Jorhat Nowgong, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh, Cachar, Sylhet, with complete Index to all Tea Gardens'', published 1910


== Related Articles ==
== Related Articles ==
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*[http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Category:Darjeeling_images Darjeeling Images] Fibiwiki page containing various images of Darjeeling - click on thumbnails to expand.
*[http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Category:Darjeeling_images Darjeeling Images] Fibiwiki page containing various images of Darjeeling - click on thumbnails to expand.


== External Links ==
== External links ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling Darjeeling] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling Darjeeling] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapahar Jalapahar] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapahar Jalapahar] Wikipedia
*[http://www.koi-hai.com/darjeeling.html Darjeeling] from the website Koi-Hai
*[https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/search?cemetery-name=&cemetery-loc=Darjeeling%2C+West+Bengal%2C+India&only-with-cemeteries=cemOnly&locationId=city_404912&page=1#cem-2702234 Find A Grave: Darjeeling]
*[http://darjeelingnews.net/darjeeling_tea.html Darjeeling Tea History]
*[http://www.koi-hai.com/Default.aspx?id=567763  Memories: Darjeeling] from the website Koi-Hai
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401205558/http://darjeelingnews.net/darjeeling_tea.html Darjeeling Tea History], archived.
*[http://www.pbase.com/mgpimages/image/49777822 Photograph] of a tea plantation, Darjeeling.
*[http://www.pbase.com/mgpimages/image/49777822 Photograph] of a tea plantation, Darjeeling.
*Photos of Darjeeling from  [http://oldindianphotos.blogspot.com/search/label/Darjeeling Old Indian Photos]
*Photos of Darjeeling from  [https://www.oldindianphotos.in/search/label/Darjeeling Old Indian Photos]
*[http://www.ratnapradhan.com/das-studio/das-archives/ Old photographs of Darjeeling from the Das Studio Photo Archives] from  Ratna D Pradhan’s Himalayan Light: Images of the Himalayas
*[https://www.taleof2backpackers.com/das-studio-darjeeling/ Das Studio, Darjeeling -capturing moments]
:[http://www.ratnapradhan.com/das-studio/das-archives/ Old photographs of Darjeeling from the Das Studio Photo Archives] from  Ratna D Pradhan’s Himalayan Light: Images of the Himalayas. If you cannot access this link, the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200124085409/http://www.ratnapradhan.com/das-studio/das-archives/ archived link] provides an indication of the content.
* Scroll down for  some [http://www.annona.de/alben/album%20british%20india/index.html  photographs of Darjeeling from an 1887 album]  from [http://www.annona.de  Albumen photographs of the 19th Century].
* Scroll down for  some [http://www.annona.de/alben/album%20british%20india/index.html  photographs of Darjeeling from an 1887 album]  from [http://www.annona.de  Albumen photographs of the 19th Century].
*[http://www.oldmhs.com/ Old Mount Hermon Students' Association (UK)]
*[http://www.oldmhs.com/ Old Mount Hermon Students' Association (UK)]
**[http://www.oldmhs.com/older_darjeeling.htm Old Darjeeling Photographs]
**[http://www.oldmhs.com/older_darjeeling.htm Old Darjeeling Photographs]
*[http://www.thehimalayanbeacon.com/photogallery/index.php?/category/11  The Robertsons and Darjeeling - A photo feature by Miss Ally McGurk] Click to enlarge. thehimalayanbeacon.com
*Photographs: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/cathforrest/sets/72157624430457701/ Darjeeling English] Cath Forrest’s collection on flickr.com. The Album description includes the wording "...the New School, set up during the Second World War to educate the children of British families in India safely, away from the threat of Japanese bombs, was closed at the end of the war. My mother and her classmates, some as young as five, were sent up here all the way from Calcutta on the Darjeeling Mail and the Toy Train.".
*Photographs:[http://www.flickr.com/photos/cathforrest/sets/72157624430457701/ Darjeeling English] Cath Forrest’s collection on flickr.com. Includes the wording "...the New School, set up during the Second World War to educate the children of British families in India safely, away from the threat of Japanese bombs, was closed at the end of the war. My mother and her classmates, some as young as five, were sent up here all the way from Calcutta on the Darjeeling Mail and the Toy Train.".
*[http://www.news.com.au/news/darjeeling-is-all-the-raj/story-fna7dq6e-1225755871452 "Darjeeling is all the Raj"] by  Michael Gebicki August 01, 2009 news.com.au. Article about a hotel in Darjeeling “where the clock stopped ticking circa 1930”, and where the library has a substantial collection relating to India's railways.
*[http://www.news.com.au/news/darjeeling-is-all-the-raj/story-fna7dq6e-1225755871452 "Darjeeling is all the Raj"] by  Michael Gebicki August 01, 2009 news.com.au. Article about a hotel in Darjeeling “where the clock stopped ticking circa 1930”, and where the library has a substantial collection relating to India's railways.
*[http://www.windamerehotel.com/darjeeling/history.asp History of Darjeeling] from Windamerehotel.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160412123331/http://www.imagesofasia.com/html/india/lebong.html The cantonment at Lebong 1910] Postcard from Images of Asia, now archived.
*[http://www.imagesofasia.com/html/india/lebong.html The cantonment at Lebong 1910] Postcard from Images of Asia
*[http://www.kingsownmuseum.com/galleryaccommodation03.htm 20th Century Barracks in India]  Includes Lebong.  From Photo Gallery: Accommodation for Soldiers and Officers. King's Own Royal Regiment Museum, Lancaster.
*[http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15799coll123/id/78892/rec/156  Photograph: Missionary being taken up hill on a litter [dandy<nowiki>]</nowiki>, Darjeeling, ca.1890] Photographs from Scottish Missions, the National Library of Scotland. USC Digital Library


===Online books===
===Historical books online===
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_184.gif "Darjeeling Town"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 11'', page 178
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_184.gif "Darjeeling Town"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 11'', page 178
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_023.gif "Jalapahar"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14'', page 17.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_023.gif "Jalapahar"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14'', page 17.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_164.gif "Lebong"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16'', page 158.
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_164.gif "Lebong"] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16'', page 158.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55889 ''Bengal District Gazetteers: Darjeeling''] by L.S.S.O’Malley 1907  Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
**[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55889/page/n205 "The cantonments at Darjeeling"], page 189
**[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55889/page/n207 "Jalapahar"], page 191
**[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55889/page/n217 "Lebong"], page 201
:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150149 ''Bengal District Gazetteers - Darjeeling''] by  Arthur Jules Dash 1947. Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
*[http://archive.org/stream/handbooktravelle00john#page/n507/mode/2up  "Map of Darjeeling"]  between pages 314 and 315, ''A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon'' published by John Murray, London Eighth Edition 1911 Archive.org.
*[http://archive.org/stream/handbooktravelle00john#page/n507/mode/2up  "Map of Darjeeling"]  between pages 314 and 315, ''A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon'' published by John Murray, London Eighth Edition 1911 Archive.org.
*''Bengal District Gazetteers: Darjeeling'' by L.S.S.O’Malley  (reprint 1985/1999, original 1907) is available to download as a searchable pdf file at [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in/dspace/handle/10689/2958 DSpace at West Bengal State Central Library]. Also available as Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=LhOzszXcM9UC&pg=PP15 Preview]
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0219/mode/2up ''Dorje-ling''] by H V Bayley 1838. Archive.org, mirror from Pahar, Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Alternative spelling Dorjeling.
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LhOzszXcM9UC&pg=PA189 "The cantonments at Darjeeling"], page 189
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZEMFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA26 "Darjeeling -The New Indian Sanitarium"] page 261 ''Parbury's Oriental Herald and Colonial intelligencer Volume Ii, July-December 1838''. Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LhOzszXcM9UC&pg=PA191 "Jalapahar"], page 191
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=U6_bUukB-nIC&pg=PA263 "“Bye Laws” and Office Rules at Darjeeling 1st August 1841"] page 263 ''The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer for 1842 Volume II'' Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LhOzszXcM9UC&pg=PA201 "Lebong"], page 201
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501560/2015.501560.Bengal-Past#page/n81/mode/2up "Darjeeling in 1841"] by J. D., page 74 ''Bengal, Past and Present, Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society Volume 44, July-Dec 1932''. Archive.org. Digital Library of India Collection.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=saYbAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA196 "Darjeeling"] page 196 ''Calcutta Review Volume 28, January-June 1857'' Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=saYbAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA196 "Darjeeling"] page 196 ''Calcutta Review Volume 28, January-June 1857'' Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305 ''A Sketch of the Physical and Topographical Characters and Other Relations of the Hill Sanitaria of Darjeeling, Nynee Tal, Landour and Murree, in the Bengal Presidency''], page 305  ''Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1862'' Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305 ''A Sketch of the Physical and Topographical Characters and Other Relations of the Hill Sanitaria of Darjeeling, Nynee Tal, Landour and Murree, in the Bengal Presidency''], page 305  ''Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1862'' Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/396/mode/2up "Darjeeling"] page  396 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=fxUDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA89 The station of Senchal, five miles from Darjeeling] c 1865 is mentioned in " India: Bengal. Report" by C. Macnamara, Medical Officer-in-Charge of the "Chandnie" Hospital, Calcutta, and Surgeon to the Ophthalmic Hospital. Page 89 ''Reports on the progress of practical and scientific medicine'', ed. by H. Dobell, Volume 2‬, 1871 Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/indianalpshowwec00mazu/page/n8/mode/2up ''The Indian Alps and how we crossed them: being a narrative of two years' residence in the eastern Himalaya and two months' tour into the interior''] by a Lady Pioneer [catalogued Mrs Nina Elizabeth Mazuchelli].  With Illustrations  by herself. 1876 Archive.org. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Sarah_Mazuchelli Elizabeth Sarah Mazuchelli]  (1832-1914) Wikipedia.  She was married to Francis Mazuchelli, Army Chaplain, who was appointed to Darjeeling in 1869. A detailed account of the above trip is given in
:[https://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1976-on-top-of-the-world-five-women-explorers-in-tibet-by-miller-s-pdf/  ''On Top of the World–Five Women Explorers in Tibet''] by Luree Miller  1976. Link to a pdf download Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download button does not display, locate under Books/Tibet And China/1976.
*[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634620 ''Notes on Tea in Darjeeling''] by A Planter. 1888 Archive.org.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1891-thackers-guide-book-to-darjeeling-and-its-neighbourhood-by-mitchell-s-pdf/  ''Thacker’s Guide Book to Darjeeling and its Neighbourhood''] by Mitchell 1891. Link to a pdf download Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  If download link does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent.  [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1235/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version], [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001869185 HathiTrust Digital Library version].
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.06668 ''Thacker’s Guide book to Darjeeling and its Neighbourhood: Second edition''] by G Hutton Taylor 1899 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/ritchiesinindiae00ritc/page/362/mode/2up "Darjeeling 1888"] page 363, and [https://archive.org/details/ritchiesinindiae00ritc/page/372/mode/2up "Deputy Commissionership of Darjeeling 1890-92"] page 373 ''The Ritchies in India; extracts from the correspondence of William Ritchie, 1817-1862; and personal reminiscences of Gerald Ritchie'' compiled and edited by Gerald Ritchie 1920. Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/darjeelinghimal00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: Illustrated Guide for Tourists''] 1896 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/darjeelinghimal00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: Illustrated Guide for Tourists''] 1896 Archive.org
*Darjeeling is mentioned in the first chapter of ''Among the Himalayas'' by Major L A Waddell, Indian Army Medical Corps [https://archive.org/details/himalayas00waddamongrich 1899 edition], [https://archive.org/details/amonghimalayas00wadd 2nd edition 1900] Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/newmansguidetod00publgoog#page/n10/mode/1up ''Newman's Guide to Darjeeling and Its Surroundings, Historical & Descriptive''] 1900 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/newmansguidetod00publgoog#page/n10/mode/1up ''Newman's Guide to Darjeeling and Its Surroundings, Historical & Descriptive''] 1900 Archive.org
*[http://www.vsdh.org/vsdh/dhr_book/ ''Darjeeling & its Mountain Railway: A Guide and Souvenir published by the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway Co. Ld.''] 1921 vsdh.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.04790/mode/2up ''Newman’s Guide to Darjeeling and Neighbourhood''] 7th edition 1922 Archive.org.
**[http://www.vsdh.org/vsdh/dhr_book/chap_6.htm  Chapter 6 "Suburbs of Darjeeling"] includes details about the cantonments at Lebong, Jalapahar and Katapahar (although confusingly the latter is also called Jalapahar)
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1930-newmans-guide-to-darjeeling-s-pdf/  ''Newman’s Guide to Darjeeling''] 1930. Pdf download Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download link does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent.  [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2442/mode/2up  Archive.org mirror version 1930, 9th edition].
*''History Of The Darjeeling District''  by E C  Dozey 1917 is available to read online on the Digital Library of India website. Refer [[Online books#Digital Library of India|Online books-Digital Library of India]] for more details about this site. A chapter on schools commences computer page 99, and a chapter on cemeteries, with details of some burials, commences computer page 140. Note some pages appear to be missing. A revised 2nd edition, published c 1922 and titled ''A Concise History of the Darjeeling District'' by E C  Dozey is also available to read online on the Digital Library of India website. The chapter on cemeteries commences actual page 146, computer page 189.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71769  ''Darjeeling Route Guide''] by George P Robertson 1913. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.  Full title: ''Darjeeling route guide: With directions, plans, a map and a complete index for the instruction and guidance of visitors to the town''.
*[https://archive.org/stream/n3journal25grea#page/268/mode/2up "Beriberi in Lebong"] [in 1914] by Major J C Kennedy, Royal Army Medical Corps, ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps'', page 268 September 1915
**[https://archive.org/stream/n3journal25grea#page/276/mode/2up Rough plan of Lebong cantonment, showing the bungalows] page 277
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/244/mode/2up “Darjeeling”] from ''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa : their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by Somerset Playne 1917 Archive.org
*Catalogued as [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.37708 ''History Of The Darjeeling District''] by E C  Dozey 1917,  Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection. Full title as for 2nd edition. A chapter on schools commences digital page 99, and a chapter on cemeteries, with details of some burials, commences digital page 140. Note some pages appear to be missing.  
:A revised 2nd edition, published c 1922 is titled [https://archive.org/details/ConciseHistoryOfDarjeelingDistrictSince1835  ''A Concise History of the Darjeeling District since 1835''] by E C  Dozey Archive.org. The chapter on cemeteries commences [https://archive.org/stream/ConciseHistoryOfDarjeelingDistrictSince1835/Concise%20History%20of%20Darjeeling%20District%20since%201835#page/n185/mode/2up page 146]. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.619  Another file, Archive.org], where images perhaps may be better.
*''Darjeeling & its Mountain Railway: A Guide and Souvenir published by the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway Co. Ld.'' 1921  is available to download as a [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1921-darjeeling-and-its-mountain-railway-s-pdf/  pdf file] from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. If download link does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2123 Archive.org mirror version].
**[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2123/page/58/mode/2up Chapter 6 "Suburbs of Darjeeling"] includes details about the cantonments at Lebong, Jalapahar and Katapahar.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.04020/page/105/mode/2up "The Centenary of Darjeeling"] by Rev. H Hosten  SJ page 106 ''Bengal  Past and Present Volume 39 Jan-June 1930'' Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/travelerstalemem0000cand/page/68 A trip to Darjeeling (1941)] page 68 ''A Traveler's Tale : Memories of India'' by Enid Saunders Candlin 1974. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. The author’s husband was a metallurgist/chemical engineer who worked in India 1941-46.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1955-the-children-of-kanchenjunga-by-fletcher-s-pdf/ ''The Children of Kanchenjunga''] by David Wilson Fletcher. Link to a pdf download PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3043 Archive.org mirror version]. Some editions may have  the full title: ''The Children of Kanchenjunga. On the lives of a tea-planter and his family in the Darjeeling Hills'',  Published London 1955.
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1955-himalayan-tea-garden-by-fletcher-s-pdf/ ''Himalayan Tea Garden''] by David Wilson Fletcher. Link to a pdf download PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Cover title: ''Himalayan Tea Garden: A Young Family's Adventures on a Tea Plantation Near Darjeeling''. Published New York, 1955. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3037 Archive.org mirror version]. [https://archive.org/details/himalayanteagard00flet/mode/2up Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library edition], catalogued 1956. Catalogue details state "Originally published in London in 1955 under title: ''The children of Kanchenjunga''". Elsewhere, the author was stated to be  a Gurkha officer who ran a tea plantation in Darjeeling in 1953.
*''The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj'' by Dane Kennedy, 1996  [http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft396nb1sf&brand=ucpress University of California Press]
*''The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj'' by Dane Kennedy, 1996  [http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft396nb1sf&brand=ucpress University of California Press]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/244/mode/2up “Darjeeling”] from ''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa : their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by Somerset Playne 1917 Archive.org


== References ==
== References ==
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Latest revision as of 10:16, 8 December 2022

Darjeeling
Presidency: Bengal
Coordinates: 27.037559, 88.263044
Altitude: 2,134 m (7,001 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Darjeeling
State/Province: West Bengal
Country: India
Transport links
Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway
FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Darjeeling


Darjeeling was a hill station in Bengal.

There were military cantonments at Jalapahar (alternative spelling Jellapahar) (established 1848), Darjeeling and at Lebong, situated below Darjeeling about eight miles away. Lebong cantonment was established in 1882 as part of the Jalapahar cantonment, and became a separate cantonment in 1895.[1] There were artillery barracks at Katapahar, above Darjeeling and it appears that this was what was called the Darjeeling cantonment. The term "Darjeeling cantonment" seems at times to have also included Jalapahar, which was a convalescent depot.
Senchal was a station five miles from Darjeeling, at an elevation of about 8,600 feet.
Takdah 16 miles south east of Darjeeling by motor road was in use as a cantonment for two Gurkha battalions 1910 to 1926, when it was closed due to unsuitable climatic conditions.[2] In 1915 it was the Depot for 2nd 10th Gurkha Rifles[3] and in January 1919 was listed as a Place of Internment/Prisoner of War Camp.

Spelling variants

Modern name: Darjeeling
Variants: Darjeeling/Darjiiling/Darjiling/Dorjeling

Cemeteries

  • Darjeeling Old Cemetery darjeeling-tourism.com (This cemetery is also known as Hill Cart Road Cemetery or Hooker Road cemetery)
  • Darjeeling New Cemetery. (Singtom Cemetery] Established 1858. In the 1980s this cemetery was in a devastated condition, [4] but subsequently BACSA provided a substantial grant for restoration c 1998 for the Singtom cemetery and a further grant for the old St Andrew's Cemetery.[5]
  • The Jewish cemetery. The approximate location is mentioned in the comments by Peter J. Karthak on November 8, 2009 in Rebecca Bragg's article above. No records appear to have survived.
  • Jalahapar Old Cemetery
  • Jalahapar New Cemetery

A BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia) cemetery publication is

  • Darjeeling and the Dooars: Christian Cemeteries and Memorials 1842–1995 by Eileen Hewson, 2006. A record of the cemeteries and isolated graves from this corner of India with MIs and biographical notes on the planters and other notable tombs. 93pp, 23 illustrations, and map. See BACSA Books. BACSA have put the indexes to its cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for full details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service.
The above publication is now also available as part of a pdf publication Burials In Assam & N.E. India 1793-1974 by Eileen Hewson, from Kabristan Archives.

The BACSA Archive at the British Library contains two files relating to Darjeeling Mss Eur F370/653-654, the latter includes "registers".

There is advice in the webpage "Darjeeling’s historic graves"[6] that Find a Grave, refer External links below, has entries for several specified Darjeeling cemeteries.

Churches and Missions

St Andrew's Church, Darjeeling
  • St Columba's Church (Estab 1894) trekearth.com
  • Immaculate Conception Church (Catholic) - (Estab 1848)
  • Sacred Heart Church - (Catholic) - (Estab 1898)

Schools and Colleges

Loretto Convent, Darjeeling
St Joseph's School, Darjeeling

(See also Schools)

History of St. Paul's School, Darjeeling from the School website.
St. Paul’s was run on the lines of a typical British public school. C 1937 most of the teachers were British, some Anglo-Indians and two Indians. Most of the pupils were Christians, Jews and Armenians, and there were also some Hindus and a few Moslems. Whenever the students went out they wore the school cap and carried an umbrella as it rained quite often in Darjeeling.[7]

Records

Taylor’s Maps of the following Tea Districts, Darjeeling, Terai, Jalpaiguri and Dooars, Darrang, Golaghat, Jorhat Nowgong, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Dibrugarh, Cachar, Sylhet, with complete Index to all Tea Gardens, published 1910

Related Articles

External links

Old photographs of Darjeeling from the Das Studio Photo Archives from Ratna D Pradhan’s Himalayan Light: Images of the Himalayas. If you cannot access this link, the archived link provides an indication of the content.

Historical books online

Bengal District Gazetteers - Darjeeling by Arthur Jules Dash 1947. Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
On Top of the World–Five Women Explorers in Tibet by Luree Miller 1976. Link to a pdf download Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download button does not display, locate under Books/Tibet And China/1976.
Thacker’s Guide book to Darjeeling and its Neighbourhood: Second edition by G Hutton Taylor 1899 Archive.org
Newman’s Guide to Darjeeling and Neighbourhood 7th edition 1922 Archive.org.
Newman’s Guide to Darjeeling 1930. Pdf download Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If download link does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent. Archive.org mirror version 1930, 9th edition.
  • Darjeeling Route Guide by George P Robertson 1913. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Full title: Darjeeling route guide: With directions, plans, a map and a complete index for the instruction and guidance of visitors to the town.
  • "Beriberi in Lebong" [in 1914] by Major J C Kennedy, Royal Army Medical Corps, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, page 268 September 1915
  • “Darjeeling” from Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa : their history, people, commerce and industrial resources by Somerset Playne 1917 Archive.org
  • Catalogued as History Of The Darjeeling District by E C Dozey 1917, Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection. Full title as for 2nd edition. A chapter on schools commences digital page 99, and a chapter on cemeteries, with details of some burials, commences digital page 140. Note some pages appear to be missing.
A revised 2nd edition, published c 1922 is titled A Concise History of the Darjeeling District since 1835 by E C Dozey Archive.org. The chapter on cemeteries commences page 146. Another file, Archive.org, where images perhaps may be better.
Himalayan Tea Garden by David Wilson Fletcher. Link to a pdf download PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Cover title: Himalayan Tea Garden: A Young Family's Adventures on a Tea Plantation Near Darjeeling. Published New York, 1955. Archive.org mirror version. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library edition, catalogued 1956. Catalogue details state "Originally published in London in 1955 under title: The children of Kanchenjunga". Elsewhere, the author was stated to be a Gurkha officer who ran a tea plantation in Darjeeling in 1953.

References

  1. ↑ Dr. Wangyal's Column : Discursive Hills November 2008 mygorkhaland.wordpress.com
  2. ↑ Page 146 Bengal District Gazetteers - Darjeeling by Arthur Jules Dash 1947 Archive.org.
  3. ↑ Page 483 The Quarterly Civil List For Bengal (1915) No.196. Archive.org. Incorrectly catalogued 1918.
  4. ↑ Sinclair, James. Destruction of graves Rootsweb India Mailing List, 26 August 1998, now archived.
  5. ↑ llewellyn-jones, rosie. Darjeeling Cemetery Rootsweb India Mailing List, 11 February 2000, now archived.
  6. ↑ "Darjeeling’s historic graves" 14 October 2020 leonjlyell.blogspot.com
  7. ↑ "Chapter 5 St. Paul’s School, Darjeeling 1937-38" by Khwaja Sayeed Shahabuddin (born 1923) from his autobiography Lest I Forget.


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