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[[Image:Srinagar, Kashmere.jpg‎|right|thumb|230px|View of Srinagar]]
[[Image:Srinagar, Kashmere.jpg‎|right|thumb|230px|View of Srinagar]]
This article convers '''Kashmir''' and '''other nearby countries''' of '''Central''' or '''High Asia'''.
This article covers '''Kashmir''' and '''other nearby countries''' of '''Central''' or '''High Asia'''.


'''Kashmir and Jammu''' was a [[Princely States|Princely State]] which was created in 1846 after the [[1st Sikh War]]. The British annexed the Kashmir Valley, [[Ladakh]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] and tranferred it to Maharajah Gulab Singh for an indemnity payment. The capital of Kashmir was [[Srinagar]].  
'''Kashmir and Jammu''' was a [[Princely States|Princely State]] which was created in 1846 after the [[1st Sikh War]]. The British annexed the Kashmir Valley, [[Ladakh]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] and tranferred it to Maharajah Gulab Singh for an indemnity payment. The capital of Kashmir was [[Srinagar]].  
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==FIBIS resources==
==FIBIS resources==
*[http://www.gallery.fibis.org/picture.php?/2383/search/1949 Photograph: All Saints Church, Srinagar, Kashmir ca 1911]  FIBIS Gallery: Emmy Eustace Collection.
*[http://gallery.fibis.org/picture.php?/2383/search/1949 Photograph: All Saints Church, Srinagar, Kashmir ca 1911]  FIBIS Gallery: Emmy Eustace Collection.


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state) Jammu and Kashmir] Wikipedia (retrieved 16 June 2016)
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state) Jammu and Kashmir] Wikipedia (retrieved 16 June 2016)
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120901/j&k.htm#2 Heritage tag for 110-yr-old power project] by Majid Jahangir. The  second oldest power project, the Mohura [Mohra] Power House located in the  Uri area of north Kashmir’s Baramulla district, was commissioned in 1902.    ''The Tribune'' Saturday, September 1, 2012, Chandigarh. The  Mohura Power House was situated  midway between Uri and Baramulla.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104121836/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120901/j&k.htm#2 "Heritage tag for 110-yr-old power project"] by Majid Jahangir. The  second oldest power project, the Mohura [Mohra] Power House located in the  Uri area of north Kashmir’s Baramulla district, was commissioned in 1902.    ''The Tribune'' September 1, 2012, Chandigarh, now an archived webpage. The  Mohura Power House was situated  midway between Uri and Baramulla.
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/59036290@N07/sets/72157625942098709  Kashmir Photograph Collection]  flickr.com  Contains 190 photographs taken 1911-c 1946.
*[http://www.bbc.com/news/stories-41996612 "Returning to Kashmir, where our parents were shot in front of us"] by  Andrew Whitehead 16 November 2017 from Baramulla, Kashmir. BBC com. Lieutenant-Colonel Tom Dykes of the Sikh Regiment, and his wife Biddy, and four others were shot dead  at St Joseph's Catholic Mission Hospital in the riverside town of Baramulla, Kashmir in October 1947.
*[http://www.bbc.com/news/stories-41996612 "Returning to Kashmir, where our parents were shot in front of us"] by  Andrew Whitehead 16 November 2017 from Baramulla, Kashmir. BBC com. Lieutenant-Colonel Tom Dykes of the Sikh Regiment, and his wife Biddy, and four others were shot dead  at St Joseph's Catholic Mission Hospital in the riverside town of Baramulla. Kashmir in October 1947.
*[https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/9914/1/Iain%20Macdonald-Kashmir.pdf 'Kashmir"] by Kenneth Iain MacDonald. (library.utoronto.ca).  In J. Speake (ed) (2003) ''The Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia''. London: Routledge. Includes a Bibliography.
*[https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/9914/1/Iain%20Macdonald-Kashmir.pdf 'Kashmir"] by Kenneth Iain MacDonald. (library.utoronto.ca).  In J. Speake (ed) (2003) ''The Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia''. London: Routledge. Includes a Bibliography.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFRT_2ZJfPc ''Perspectives of Early Photographers in Kashmir 1861-1920''] by Hugh Rayner 21 Jan 2023. YouTube video presentation. The talk is illustrated with photographs taken primarily from the Hugh A. Rayner Collection of Early Indian Photography.
    
    
===Historical books online===
===Historical books online===
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_077.gif Kashmir and Jammu] Imperial Gazetteer
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_077.gif Kashmir and Jammu] Imperial Gazetteer
*[http://pahar.in  Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]  contains online books related to Kashmir. Use the Search box to locate the books.
*[http://pahar.in  Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]  contains online books related to Kashmir. Use the Search box to locate the books. Some, but not all, book files from Pahar have been uploaded to the Internet Archive, Archive.org.
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/33BK5W64JAVO3Z7FJYAKLMPKG3ZTPWET ''A Gazetteer of Kashmir and the adjacent districts of Kishtwa̕r, Badrawa̕r, Jamu̕, Naoshera, Pu̕nch and the valley of the Kishen Ganga ; Pt. 7, Sect. 1''] (of the series ''Central Asia'') by Charles Ellison Bates 1873 [[Online books#Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek| Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek]]. The other titles in the series  ''Central Asia''  include  ''pt. 7, section 2. Ladak'' by F. Maisey.
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/33BK5W64JAVO3Z7FJYAKLMPKG3ZTPWET ''A Gazetteer of Kashmir and the adjacent districts of Kishtwa̕r, Badrawa̕r, Jamu̕, Naoshera, Pu̕nch and the valley of the Kishen Ganga ; Pt. 7, Sect. 1''] (of the series ''Central Asia'') by Charles Ellison Bates 1873 [[Online books#Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek| Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek]]. Reprint edition [https://archive.org/details/a-gazeteer-of-kashmir/mode/2up Archive.org]. The other titles in the series  ''Central Asia''  include  ''pt. 7, section 2. Ladak'' by F. Maisey [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0882 Archive.org  version], mirror from [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1878-central-asia-part-4-section-2-topography-ethnology-resources-and-history-of-ladak-by-maisey-s-pdf/ Pahar].
:[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/43256 ''Gazetteer Of Kashmir And Ladak''] 1890 . Full title: ''Gazetteer of Kashmír and Ladak : together with routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jamu and Kashmir  compiled (for political and military reference) under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch'' 1890. Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256 Archive.org version]
: ''Gazetteer Of Kashmir And Ladak'' 1890 . Full title: ''Gazetteer of Kashmír and Ladak : together with routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jamu and Kashmir  compiled (for political and military reference) under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch'' 1890. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/207011 ''Imperial Gazetteer of India  Provincial Series: Kashmir and Jammu''] 1908.  Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207011 Archive.org version]
* ''Imperial Gazetteer of India  Provincial Series: Kashmir and Jammu'' 1908.  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207011 Archive.org version] mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookpanjbwe01eastgoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Handbook of the Panjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh'']  by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1883 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookpanjbwe01eastgoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Handbook of the Panjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh'']  by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1883 Archive.org
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1876-kashmir-hand-book-a-guide-for-visitors-by-ince-s-pdf/ ''The Kashmir Handbook: a guide for visitors''] by John Ince 1876. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ESRxgaqRrcIC ''The Kashmir Hand-book: a guide for visitors''] by John Ince, new edition, revised and enlarged 1872, first published 1867. Google Books
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1876-kashmir-hand-book-a-guide-for-visitors-by-ince-s-pdf/ ''The Kashmir Hand-book: a guide for visitors''] by John Ince, 3rd edition, revised and enlarged 1876. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0833/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
:*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1876-map-of-vale-of-kashmir-to-accompany-dr-inces-hand-book-of-kashmir-jpg/ 1876 Map of Vale of Kashmir to accompany Dr. Ince’s ''Hand Book of Kashmir'']. Download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  
:*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1876-map-of-vale-of-kashmir-to-accompany-dr-inces-hand-book-of-kashmir-jpg/ 1876 Map of Vale of Kashmir to accompany Dr. Ince’s ''Hand Book of Kashmir'']. Download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  
:[http://books.northwestern.edu/viewer.html?id=inu:inu-mntb-0006016994-bk  ''Kashmir and Jammu: A Guide for Visitors''] by Joshua Duke, late Resident Surgeon in Kashmir. Thacker, Spink 1903.  Cover title: ''Kashmir Handbook''. Northwestern University Libraries Digitized Books [USA]. [https://search.library.northwestern.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=01NWU_ALMA51601520160002441&context=L&vid=NULVNEW&search_scope=NWU&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US Catalogue entry]. It is stated that it is practically a new book although based on Ince’s work (editions at the end of the 1860s, 1876 and 1888. Titles are ''The Káshmir Handbook: a guide for visitors'' by John Ince 1867, 1872, 1876; ''Ince's Kashmir Handbook : a guide for visitors'',  rewritten and much enlarged by Joshua Duke 1888).
:[http://books.northwestern.edu/viewer.html?id=inu:inu-mntb-0006016994-bk  ''Kashmir and Jammu: A Guide for Visitors''] by Joshua Duke, late Resident Surgeon in Kashmir. Thacker, Spink 1903. There was a later edition 1910.  Cover title: ''Kashmir Handbook''. Northwestern University Libraries Digitized Books [USA]. [https://search.library.northwestern.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=01NWU_ALMA51601520160002441&context=L&vid=NULVNEW&search_scope=NWU&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US Catalogue entry]. It is stated that it is practically a new book although based on Ince’s work (editions at the end of the 1860s, 1876 and 1888. Titles are ''The Káshmir Handbook: a guide for visitors'' by John Ince 1867, 1872-see above, 1876-see above; ''Ince's Kashmir Handbook : a guide for visitors'',  rewritten and much enlarged by Joshua Duke 1888). [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100328869 1910 edition] HathiTrust Digital Library, [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LyMFzOLWXjMC 1910 Google Books edition], both available only to North American  etc viewers.
*[https://archive.org/details/guideforvisitors00colluoft ''A Guide for visitors to Kashmir by John Collett.  Enlarged, revised and corrected up to date''] by A. Mitra, Chief Medical Officer, Kashmir 1898. Archive.org. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000003503A British Library Digital]. Previously published as Collett, John, ''A Guide for Visitors to Kashmir'', 1884
*''The Tourist's Guide to Kashmir, Ladakh, Skardo, &c.'' Edited by Arthur Neve.  Originally published c 1890.  
*''The Tourist's Guide to Kashmir, Ladakh, Skardo, &c.'' Edited by Arthur Neve.  Originally published c 1890.  
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1918-tourists-guide-to-kashmir-ladakh-and-khardo-by-neve-s-pdf/ 1918]; [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1927-tourists-guide-to-kashmir-ladakh-skardo-14th-ed-by-neve-s-pdf/ 1927, 14th edition]. Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1918-tourists-guide-to-kashmir-ladakh-and-khardo-by-neve-s-pdf/ 1918]; [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1927-tourists-guide-to-kashmir-ladakh-skardo-14th-ed-by-neve-s-pdf/ 1927, 14th edition]. Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
:[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/112435 1927, 14th edition]; [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/283816 1933, 15th edition] Revised by E.F. Neve. Pdf downloads, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.112435 1927 Archive.org version], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283816 1933 Archive.org version].
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2074 1918 11th edition Archive.org version], mirror from Pahar; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.112435 1927 14th edition Archive.org version], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283816 1933 15th edition Archive.org version] revised by E F Neve, mirrors from Digital Library of India.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-a-i-s-a-kashmir-guide-by-kotak-s-pdf/  ''A.I.S.A. Kashmir Guide''] [All India Spinners' Association] 1935 by  M H Kotak. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280272/page/n1/mode/2up  ''Handbook  for Visitors to  Kashmir''] by J L K Jalali 1933. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1935-a-i-s-a-kashmir-guide-by-kotak-s-pdf/  ''A.I.S.A. Kashmir Guide''] [All India Spinners' Association] catalogued 1935 by  M H Kotak. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2590 Archive.org mirror version].
*[https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra01holluoft ''The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir''] by Sir James Douie 1916 Archive.org. A volume in the series ''Provincial Geographies of India ''
*[https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra01holluoft ''The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir''] by Sir James Douie 1916 Archive.org. A volume in the series ''Provincial Geographies of India ''
*[https://archive.org/details/accountofkoonawu00gera ''Account of Koonawur, in the Himalaya‬''] [1817-1818]  by  Captain Alexander Gerard 1841 Archive.org.  
*[https://archive.org/details/accountofkoonawu00gera ''Account of Koonawur, in the Himalaya‬''] [1817-1818]  by  Captain Alexander Gerard 1841 Archive.org.  
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:[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B90 Volume I], [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B96 Volume II], [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B9C Volume III] British Library Digital Collection.  Images can be rotated.
:[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B90 Volume I], [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B96 Volume II], [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034B9C Volume III] British Library Digital Collection.  Images can be rotated.
:Some sources give her names as  Eleanor Louisa, Mrs Thomas Kibble. However, another source gives her as Julia Harvey, born 1825, the daughter of William Morton an engineer and his wife Juliana. <ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-1poAAAAMAAJ&q=Hervey+Tartary&dq=Hervey+Tartary&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEq_PanrnRAhXBvrwKHQa3DAE4HhDoAQgeMAE  Snippet Search result] from    '' ‪In Their Own Words: British Women Writers and India, 1740-1857''‬ by Rosemary Raza 2006 Google Books</ref> There was a marriage in Cawnpore 10 September 1845 of Julian Susan Morton , age 20, to  Edward Harvey, Captain 10th Light Cavalry. He appears to be still alive in the late 1850s, so if this identification was correct, she did not undertake the journey due to widowhood. [https://exploringtibet.wikischolars.columbia.edu/The+Adventures+of+a+Lady+in+Tartary,+Thibet,+China+%26+Kashmir  Article about  the book]  by Christina Stoltz exploringtibet.wikischolars.columbia.edu  
:Some sources give her names as  Eleanor Louisa, Mrs Thomas Kibble. However, another source gives her as Julia Harvey, born 1825, the daughter of William Morton an engineer and his wife Juliana. <ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-1poAAAAMAAJ&q=Hervey+Tartary&dq=Hervey+Tartary&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEq_PanrnRAhXBvrwKHQa3DAE4HhDoAQgeMAE  Snippet Search result] from    '' ‪In Their Own Words: British Women Writers and India, 1740-1857''‬ by Rosemary Raza 2006 Google Books</ref> There was a marriage in Cawnpore 10 September 1845 of Julian Susan Morton , age 20, to  Edward Harvey, Captain 10th Light Cavalry. He appears to be still alive in the late 1850s, so if this identification was correct, she did not undertake the journey due to widowhood. [https://exploringtibet.wikischolars.columbia.edu/The+Adventures+of+a+Lady+in+Tartary,+Thibet,+China+%26+Kashmir  Article about  the book]  by Christina Stoltz exploringtibet.wikischolars.columbia.edu  
*[https://archive.org/details/HuntingInTheHimalaya  ''Hunting in the Himalaya. With notices of customs and countries from the elephant haunts of the Dehra Doon to the Bunchowr tracks in eternal snow''] by R H W Dunlop BCS [Bengal Civil Service] 1860 with a [https://archive.org/stream/HuntingInTheHimalaya/Hunting%20in%20the%20Himalaya#page/n9/mode/1up Map]. Archive.org. Also available as a  [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/501686 pdf download, Digital Library of India]
*[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003414270/page/n1/mode/2up ''Illustrations of Himalayan plants : chiefly selected from drawings made for the late J.F. Cathcart, Esq.re of the Bengal Civil Service ; the descriptions and analyses by J.D. Hooker ; the plates executed by W.H. Fitch''] 1855 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/HuntingInTheHimalaya  ''Hunting in the Himalaya. With notices of customs and countries from the elephant haunts of the Dehra Doon to the Bunchowr tracks in eternal snow''] by R H W Dunlop BCS [Bengal Civil Service] 1860 with a [https://archive.org/stream/HuntingInTheHimalaya/Hunting%20in%20the%20Himalaya#page/n9/mode/1up Map]. Archive.org.  
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=h05FAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ‪''A Summer Ramble in the Himalayas: With Sporting Adventures in the Vale of Cashmere''‬] Edited by Mountaineer [Frederick Wilson] 1860 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=h05FAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ‪''A Summer Ramble in the Himalayas: With Sporting Adventures in the Vale of Cashmere''‬] Edited by Mountaineer [Frederick Wilson] 1860 Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/gunnerjingosjubi00stra ''Gunner Jingo's Jubilee''] by  Major-General T Bland Strange. Late Royal Artillery 1893 Archive.org. Born 1831 in [[Meerut]] he subsequently came to India when the Indian Mutiny broke out (page 129) and remained, including leave  in 1861, when he went on  on a six months  hunting trek in Kashmir and Ladak,  until c 1862 (page 337). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bland_Strange Thomas Bland Strange] Wikipedia. [http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=7974 “Strange, Thomas Bland”] by Roderick C. Macleod in ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'', vol. 15, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003. 
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=V2AoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The rifle in Cashmere : a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking : to which are added notes on army reform and Indian politics''] by Arthur Brinckman, late of HM’s 94th Regt. 1862 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=V2AoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The rifle in Cashmere : a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking : to which are added notes on army reform and Indian politics''] by Arthur Brinckman, late of HM’s 94th Regt. 1862 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=0lMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 ''The Diary of a Hunter from the Punjab to the Karakorum Mountains''] by [A.H. Irby].  1863 Google Books. Kashmir and adjacent countries, principally Ladak.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=0lMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 ''The Diary of a Hunter from the Punjab to the Karakorum Mountains''] by [A.H. Irby].  1863 Google Books. Kashmir and adjacent countries, principally Ladak.
*[https://archive.org/details/diaryofpedestria00knigrich  ''Diary of a Pedestrian in Cashmere and Thibet''] by Captain Knight, Forty-Eighth Regiment 1863 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/diaryofpedestria00knigrich  ''Diary of a Pedestrian in Cashmere and Thibet''] by Captain Knight, Forty-Eighth Regiment 1863 Archive.org
*[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.a0009787946?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Sikkim. With hints on mountain and jungle warfare. Exhibiting also the facilities for opening commercial relations through the state of Sikhim with Central Asia, Thibet, and western China'']  by Colonel J. C. Gawler 1873  HathiTrust Digital Library.  Also available as a pdf download [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-sikhim-with-hints-on-mountain-and-jungle-warfare-by-gawler-s-pdf/ PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset].
*[https://archive.org/details/wanderingsofnatu00adam/page/n7/mode/2up ''Wanderings of a Naturalist in India : the Western Himalayas, and Cashmere''] by Andrew Leith Adams, Surgeon 22nd Regiment. 1867. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/medicalmissionsa00elms/page/n5 ''Medical Missions : as illustrated by some letters and notices of the late Dr. Elmslie.''] Printed for the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society 1874. Archive.org.  Dr. Elmslie (William Jackson) arrived in Srinagar in 1865 to work for the  Kashmir Medical Mission, and died in 1871.
*1987 reprint edition titled [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.a0009787946?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Sikkim. With hints on mountain and jungle warfare. Exhibiting also the facilities for opening commercial relations through the state of Sikhim with Central Asia, Thibet, and western China'']  by Colonel J. C. Gawler originally published 1873  HathiTrust Digital Library.  Also available as a pdf download of the original edition titled ''Sikhim...'' [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1873-sikhim-with-hints-on-mountain-and-jungle-warfare-by-gawler-s-pdf/ PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset], [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.0761 Archive.org mirror version].
*[https://archive.org/details/visitstohightart00shaw_0 ''Visits To High Tartary, Yarkand, And Kashghar (formerly Chinese Tartary), and Return Journey Over the Karakoram Pass''] by Robert Shaw 1871 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/visitstohightart00shaw_0 ''Visits To High Tartary, Yarkand, And Kashghar (formerly Chinese Tartary), and Return Journey Over the Karakoram Pass''] by Robert Shaw 1871 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/kashmirkashgharn00bellrich ''Kashmir and Kashghar. A narrative of the journey of the embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74''] by H W Bellew, Surgeon-Major, Bengal Staff Corps 1875 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/kashmirkashgharn00bellrich ''Kashmir and Kashghar. A narrative of the journey of the embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74''] by H W Bellew, Surgeon-Major, Bengal Staff Corps 1875 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/avariedlifearec00gordgoog ''A varied life: a record of military and civil service, of sport and of travel in India, Central Asia and Persia 1849 -1902''] by Gen. Sir Thomas Edward Gordon. 1906 Archive.org.  Appointed to the Indian Army Indian Staff Corps 1862,  appointed to the Kashgar Mission in 1873.
*[https://archive.org/details/avariedlifearec00gordgoog ''A varied life: a record of military and civil service, of sport and of travel in India, Central Asia and Persia 1849 -1902''] by Gen. Sir Thomas Edward Gordon. 1906 Archive.org.  Appointed to the Indian Army Indian Staff Corps 1862,  appointed to the Kashgar Mission in 1873.
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023493517 ''The Roof of the World : being a narrative of a journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus Sources on Pamir''] by Lieutenant-Colonel T E Gordon, Honorary Aide-De-Camp to the Viceroy of India, lately attached to the Special Mission to Kashghar 1876 Archive.org. Includes Kashghar.  
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023493517 ''The Roof of the World : being a narrative of a journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus Sources on Pamir''] by Lieutenant-Colonel T E Gordon, Honorary Aide-De-Camp to the Viceroy of India, lately attached to the Special Mission to Kashghar 1876 Archive.org. Includes Kashghar.  
*[https://archive.org/details/soldiertraveller00gardiala ''Soldier and traveller; memoirs of Alexander Gardner, Colonel of Artillery in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh''] [1785-1877] edited by Major Hugh Pearse 1898 Archive.org. [https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/05/the-fantastic-adventures-of-the-tartan-turbaned-colonel/# "The fantastic adventures of the tartan-turbaned colonel"] by William Dalrymple 13 May 2017 ''The Spectator''.
*[https://archive.org/details/sportingmilitary00walsrich/page/n9/mode/2up ''Sporting and military adventures in Nepaul and the Himalayas. A narrative of personal encounters and narrow escapes''] by Major Blaney Walshe [1875]. Archive.org. Although elsewhere<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyHsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA318 Page 318] ''British Autobiographies: An Annotated Bibliography of British Autobiographies Published Or Written Before 1951''. Compiled by William Matthews originally published 1955 Google Books</ref> catalogued as a personal account, this book appears to be an '''adventure novel'''.
*[https://archive.org/details/soldiertraveller00gardiala ''Soldier and traveller; memoirs of Alexander Gardner, Colonel of Artillery in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh''] [1785-1877] edited by Major Hugh Pearse 1898 Archive.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191201171837/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/05/the-fantastic-adventures-of-the-tartan-turbaned-colonel/ "The fantastic adventures of the tartan-turbaned colonel"] by William Dalrymple 13 May 2017 ''The Spectator'', archived.
*''Routes in Asia''. Variant Title: ''Routes in Central Asia''. Calcutta : Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1877-1878. "Compiled under the direction of Major General Fred. S. Roberts, C.B., V.C., Quarter Master General in India ...". [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=chlg4U-SaQ4C&pg=PP7 ''Section 5. Routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jummoo and Kashmir, and adjacent countries'']  compiled ... by M.H. Saward, Royal Horse Artillery. Google Books
*''Routes in Asia''. Variant Title: ''Routes in Central Asia''. Calcutta : Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1877-1878. "Compiled under the direction of Major General Fred. S. Roberts, C.B., V.C., Quarter Master General in India ...". [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=chlg4U-SaQ4C&pg=PP7 ''Section 5. Routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jummoo and Kashmir, and adjacent countries'']  compiled ... by M.H. Saward, Royal Horse Artillery. Google Books
*''Journals kept in Hyderabad, Kashmir, Sikkim, and Nepal'' by Sir Richard Temple 1887 [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044088752621?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 Volume I] Hathi Trust Digital Library; [https://archive.org/details/journalskeptinh01tempgoog Volume II] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924016411872/mode/2up ''The Sportsman's Guide to Kashmir & Ladak, etc. Reproduced with additions from letters which appeared in the "Asian."''] by A E Ward , Bengal Staff Corps. Second and revised edition 1883 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.06759 ''The Tourist's and Sportsman’s Guide to Kashmir and Ladak''] by A E Ward, Bengal Staff Corps 1896. Archive.org
*''Journals kept in Hyderabad, Kashmir, Sikkim, and Nepal'' by Sir Richard Temple 1887 [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044088752621?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 Volume I] HathiTrust Digital Library; [https://archive.org/details/journalskeptinh01tempgoog Volume II] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/highlandsindia00newagoog ''The Highlands of India, Volume II, being a Chronicle of Field Sports and Travel in India''] by Major General D J F Newall R A (Bengal Retired) 1887 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/highlandsindia00newagoog ''The Highlands of India, Volume II, being a Chronicle of Field Sports and Travel in India''] by Major General D J F Newall R A (Bengal Retired) 1887 Archive.org
*''Hindu-Koh: wanderings and wild sport on and beyond the Himalayas'' by Major General Donald Macintyre, VC, late Prince of Wales Own  Goorkhas [https://archive.org/details/hindukohwanderin00macirich 1889 edition], [https://archive.org/details/hindukohwanderin00maciuoft 1891 edition] Archive.org
*''Hindu-Koh: wanderings and wild sport on and beyond the Himalayas'' by Major General Donald Macintyre, VC, late Prince of Wales Own  Goorkhas [https://archive.org/details/hindukohwanderin00macirich 1889 edition], [https://archive.org/details/hindukohwanderin00maciuoft 1891 edition] Archive.org
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1892-a-first-bear-shoot-in-kashmir-being-a-guide-for-would-be-sportsmen-by-burrard-s-pdf/ ''A First Bear-Shoot in Kashmir being a guide for would-be sportsmen'']  by W Dutton Burrard 1892, published Allahabad. Pdf download PAHAR- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD)
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1892-a-first-bear-shoot-in-kashmir-being-a-guide-for-would-be-sportsmen-by-burrard-s-pdf/ ''A First Bear-Shoot in Kashmir being a guide for would-be sportsmen'']  by W Dutton Burrard 1892, published Allahabad. Pdf download PAHAR- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1239 Archive.org mirror version].
*[https://archive.org/details/wherethreeempire00knig_0  ''Where three empires meet : a narrative of recent travel in Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries''] by E F Knight. New Edition 1894 (first published March 1893) Archive.org.  
*[https://archive.org/details/wherethreeempire00knig_0  ''Where three empires meet : a narrative of recent travel in Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries''] by E F Knight. New Edition 1894 (first published March 1893) Archive.org.  
**With a [https://archive.org/stream/wherethreeempire00knig_0#page/n21/mode/1up Map]
**With a [https://archive.org/stream/wherethreeempire00knig_0#page/n21/mode/1up Map]
:[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b42502?urlappend=%3Bseq=122 The Hunza Nagar Expedition] page 112 ''Reminiscences; the Wanderings of a Yachtsman and War Correspondent'' by E. F. Knight 1923. HathiTrust Digital Library. This book is also available [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1923-reminiscences-wanderings-of-a-yachtsman-and-war-correspondent-by-knight-s-pdf/ Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6658/page/n1/mode/2up ''Climbing and Exploration in the Karakoram-Himalayas''] by  William Martin Conway with Three Hundred Illustrations by A D  McCormick 1894. Archive.org, Central Secretariat Library, Government of India Collection.
:[https://archive.org/details/artistinhimalaya00mcco/mode/2up ''An Artist in the Himalayas''] by A D  McCormick (Arthur David) 1895. Illustrated by sketches. Archive.org. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_David_McCormick Arthur David McCormick] Wikipedia
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/valleyofkashmir00lawruoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Valley of Kashmir''] by Walter Lawrence ICS CIE 1895 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/valleyofkashmir00lawruoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Valley of Kashmir''] by Walter Lawrence ICS CIE 1895 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/sportonpamirstur00cumbrich ''Sport on the Pamirs and Turkistan steppes''] by Major C S Cumberland 1895 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/sportonpamirstur00cumbrich ''Sport on the Pamirs and Turkistan steppes''] by Major C S Cumberland 1895 Archive.org
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000005A720#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=6&z=-569.625%2C0%2C2777.25%2C2737 ''Routes in Jammu and Kashmir arranged topographically with description of routes; distances by stages; and information as to supplies and transport''] by Major-General Le Marquis De Bourbel, R E Retired, late Chief Engineer of the Jammu and Kashmir State 1897. British Library Digital file. Pages may be rotated if required. There is an alternative version available on [https://archive.org/details/routesinjammukas00deborich  Archive.org], but note it is  difficult to read, as most of the pages are printed "sideways". For readers in some areas such as North America, the [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008299734 Hathi Trust Digital Library version] has a page rotation facility.
*[https://archive.org/details/SportInLadakh/page/n2 ''Sport in Ladakh. Five letters from “The Field”'']  by F. E. S. A. [Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair] ; illustrated from photographs by R. S. A. 1895 Archive.org. Originally appeared in ''The Field'' newspaper.
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023017738 ''A Summer in High Asia, being a record of sport and travel in Baltisan and Ladakh''] by Capt F E S  Adair, late Rifle Brigade 1899. [https://archive.org/details/biggameofbaltist00adairich/page/n19  2nd file] images may be marginally better. Archive.org
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000005A720#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=6&z=-569.625%2C0%2C2777.25%2C2737 ''Routes in Jammu and Kashmir arranged topographically with description of routes; distances by stages; and information as to supplies and transport''] by Major-General Le Marquis De Bourbel, R E Retired, late Chief Engineer of the Jammu and Kashmir State 1897. British Library Digital file. Pages may be rotated if required. There is an alternative version available on [https://archive.org/details/routesinjammukas00deborich  Archive.org], but note it may be difficult to read on a fixed computer screen, as most of the pages are printed "sideways". For readers in some areas such as North America, the [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008299734 HathiTrust Digital Library version] has a page rotation facility.
*[https://archive.org/details/sportinhighlands00darrrich ''Sport in the Highlands of Kashmir. Being a narrative of an eight months' trip in Baltistan and Ladak, and a lady's experiences in the latter country; together with hints for the guidance of sportsmen''] by Henry Zouch Darrah,  Indian Civil Service 1898 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/sportinhighlands00darrrich ''Sport in the Highlands of Kashmir. Being a narrative of an eight months' trip in Baltistan and Ladak, and a lady's experiences in the latter country; together with hints for the guidance of sportsmen''] by Henry Zouch Darrah,  Indian Civil Service 1898 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023017738 ''A Summer in High Asia, being a record of sport and travel in Baltisan and Ladakh''] by Capt F E S  Adair, late Rifle Brigade 1899 Archive.org  
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5334/page/n3/mode/2up ''A Trip to Kashmir''] by James Arbuthnot 1900. Archive.org, mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/innermostasiatra00cobbiala ''Innermost Asia : travel & sport in the Pamirs''] by Ralph P Cobbold (late 60th Rifles) 1900 Archive.org  
*[https://archive.org/details/innermostasiatra00cobbiala ''Innermost Asia : travel & sport in the Pamirs''] by Ralph P Cobbold (late 60th Rifles) 1900 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b29351960/page/n3/mode/2up ''Picturesque Kashmir''] by  Arthur Neve, illustrated by Geoffrey W Millais 1900 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/b29351443/page/n9/mode/2up ''Thirty years in Kashmir''] by  Arthur Neve, Church Missionary Society 1913. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/irenepetriemissi00unse/page/n7 ''Irene Petrie, Missionary to Kashmir''] by Mrs Ashley Carus-Wilson 1901 Archive.org. Irene Petrie, 1864-1897, was with the Church Missionary Society.
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924022906311/page/n9/mode/2up ''Robert Clark of the Panjab : pioneer and missionary statesman''] by Henry Martyn Clark  1907 Archive.org. Includes chapters on the Cashmere Mission. Born 1825, Robert Clark joined the  Church Missionary Society  and  was sent to  India where he arrived  in 1852 and was posted to [[Amritsar]]. He partially retired in 1898, completely in  1900, but died soon after.
*[https://archive.org/details/sportandpolitic00zetlgoog ''Sport and politics under an eastern sky''] by [Lawrence Zetland] the Earl of Ronaldsay 1902 Archive.org.  Part I "In Pursuit of Wild Game in Highest Asia".  
*[https://archive.org/details/sportandpolitic00zetlgoog ''Sport and politics under an eastern sky''] by [Lawrence Zetland] the Earl of Ronaldsay 1902 Archive.org.  Part I "In Pursuit of Wild Game in Highest Asia".  
*[http://archive.org/stream/romanticeastburm00delmrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Romantic East: Burma, Assam, & Kashmir''] by Walter Del Mar 1906 "Containing sixty-four full page illustrations from photographs"  Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/romanticeastburm00delmrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Romantic East: Burma, Assam, & Kashmir''] by Walter Del Mar 1906 "Containing sixty-four full page illustrations from photographs"  Archive.org
*[https://jramc.bmj.com/content/jramc/8/3/308.full.pdf "Two Months in Kashmir"] by Captain T H Stevenson, Royal Army Medical Corps, page 308 ''Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps  March 1907''. jramc.bmj.com. Hunting.
*[https://archive.org/details/aholidayinhappy00swingoog/page/n8/mode/2up  ''A Holiday in the Happy Valley with Pen and Pencil''] by T. R. Swinburne 1907 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924012420240 ''Sport and Life in the Further Himalaya''] by Major R L Kennion 1910 Archive.org. The author joined the Indian Foreign and Political Department in 1893, serving in Kashmir, Gilgit and Leh until 1907.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924012420240 ''Sport and Life in the Further Himalaya''] by Major R L Kennion 1910 Archive.org. The author joined the Indian Foreign and Political Department in 1893, serving in Kashmir, Gilgit and Leh until 1907.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/kashmiryounghusb00youniala#page/n9/mode/2up ''Kashmir''] described by [[Francis Younghusband|Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE]] and painted by Major E Molyneux. DSO. 1911 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/kashmiryounghusb00youniala#page/n9/mode/2up ''Kashmir''] described by [[Francis Younghusband|Sir Francis Younghusband KCIE]] and painted by Major E Molyneux. DSO. 1911 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/acrossroofofworl00etherich ''Across the roof of the world; a record of sport and travel through Kashmir, Gilgit, Hunza, the Pamirs, Chinese Turkistan, Mongolia and Siberia''] by Lieut P T Etherton, 39th Garhwal Rifles (Indian Army) 1911 Archive.org. Percy T. Etherton subsequently became the British consul in Kashgar, Xinjiang, in 1918-1922, see [[Norperforce]].
*[https://archive.org/details/acrossroofofworl00etherich ''Across the roof of the world; a record of sport and travel through Kashmir, Gilgit, Hunza, the Pamirs, Chinese Turkistan, Mongolia and Siberia''] by Lieut P T Etherton, 39th Garhwal Rifles (Indian Army) 1911 Archive.org. Percy T. Etherton subsequently became the British consul in Kashgar, Xinjiang, in 1918-1922, see [[Norperforce]].
*[https://archive.org/details/b29353014  ''Beyond the Pir Panjal : life among the mountains and valleys of Kashmir'']  by Ernest F. Neve 1912.  Archive.org. The author was a doctor who worked at the Kashmir Medical Mission.
*[https://archive.org/details/b29353014  ''Beyond the Pir Panjal : life among the mountains and valleys of Kashmir'']  by Ernest F. Neve 1912.  Archive.org. The author was a doctor who worked at the Kashmir Medical Mission.
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/173082 ''The Realm Of The Gods''] by Captain C M  Enriquez 1915. Full title: ''The Realm of the Gods; a tale of travel in Kangra, Mandi, Kulu, Chamba, Kishtwar, Kashmir, Ladakh and Baltistan''. Pdf download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173082 Archive.org version].
* ''The Realm Of The Gods'' by Captain C M  Enriquez 1915. Full title: ''The Realm of the Gods; a tale of travel in Kangra, Mandi, Kulu, Chamba, Kishtwar, Kashmir, Ladakh and Baltistan''. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173082 Archive.org version] mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1918-with-pen-and-rifle-in-kishtwar-by-rothfeld-s-pdf/  ''With Pen and Rifle in Kishtwar''] by Otto Rothfeld 1918. The author was a member of the Indian Civil Service. He describes Kishtwar as, "…the province of Kishtwar, situated between Kashmir and Chamba on the way to Simla, and ruled by H. H. the Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu". Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If the book download does not display, locate  the digital file under Books. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2077/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version].
*[https://archive.org/details/onedgeofworld00candrich  ''On the Edge of the World''] by Edmund Candler  1919 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/onedgeofworld00candrich  ''On the Edge of the World''] by Edmund Candler  1919 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/charmofkashmir00oconuoft ''The Charm of Kashmir''] by V. C. Scott O'Connor (Vincent Clarence) 1920 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/charmofkashmir00oconuoft ''The Charm of Kashmir''] by V. C. Scott O'Connor (Vincent Clarence) 1920 Archive.org
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1921-camera-shikar-and-guide-for-visitors-to-kashmir-by-brown-s-pdf/ ''Camera Shikar and Guide for Visitors to Kashmir''] by Brown. 1921. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Full title: ''Camera Shikar and Guide for Visitors to Kashmir : being the wanderings of an artist with camera, brush and pen through the Happy Valley and its mountains''  compiled from the diaries of Browyne Longnose-Brown and some entries by his companion Mac.  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1921-camera-shikar-and-guide-for-visitors-to-kashmir-by-brown-s-pdf/ ''Camera Shikar and Guide for Visitors to Kashmir''] by Brown. 1921. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2122/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version]. Full title: ''Camera Shikar and Guide for Visitors to Kashmir : being the wanderings of an artist with camera, brush and pen through the Happy Valley and its mountains''  compiled from the diaries of Browyne Longnose-Brown and some entries by his companion Mac.  
*[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmag211edinuoft#page/318/mode/2up "A Shooting Trip in Chamba"] by F L Farrer  page 318 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'', no 211 January-June 1922  Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmag211edinuoft#page/318/mode/2up "A Shooting Trip in Chamba"] by F L Farrer  page 318 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'', no 211 January-June 1922  Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2165/page/n1/mode/2up ''Diary of a Journey from Srinagar to Kashgar via Gilgit''] by H I Harding of the British Consular Service in China, 1922. Archive.org, mirror from PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://archive.org/details/kashmirinsunligh00tynd_0 ''Kashmir in Sunlight & Shade : a description of the beauties of the country, the life, habits, and humour of its inhabitants and an account of the gradual but steady rebuilding of a once down-trodden people''] by  C E Tyndale-Biscoe, of the Church Missionary Society High School in Srinagar. 1922 Archive.org.   
*[https://archive.org/details/kashmirinsunligh00tynd_0 ''Kashmir in Sunlight & Shade : a description of the beauties of the country, the life, habits, and humour of its inhabitants and an account of the gradual but steady rebuilding of a once down-trodden people''] by  C E Tyndale-Biscoe, of the Church Missionary Society High School in Srinagar. 1922 Archive.org.   
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1922-routes-in-western-himalaya-kashmir-c-vol-1-punch-kashmir-ladakh-by-mason-s-pdf/  ''Routes in Western-Himalaya Kashmir &c Volume 1 Punch, Kashmir, Ladakh''] by Kenneth Mason. [''Púnch, Kashmír & Ladákh'']. Published under the direction of the Surveyor General of India, 1922 and printed at the Office of the Trigonometrical Survey of India, Dehra Dun. [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1929-routes-in-western-himalaya-kashmir-etc-vol-1-by-mason-s-pdf/ 2nd edition 1929, Revised and corrected].  Pdf downloads, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1922-routes-in-western-himalaya-kashmir-c-vol-1-punch-kashmir-ladakh-by-mason-s-pdf/  ''Routes in Western-Himalaya Kashmir &c Volume 1 Punch, Kashmir, Ladakh''] by Kenneth Mason. [''Púnch, Kashmír & Ladákh'']. Published under the direction of the Surveyor General of India, 1922 and printed at the Office of the Trigonometrical Survey of India, Dehra Dun. [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1929-routes-in-western-himalaya-kashmir-etc-vol-1-by-mason-s-pdf/ 2nd edition 1929, Revised and corrected].  Pdf downloads, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2190/page/n1/mode/2up 1922 Archive.org mirror version], [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2402/mode/2up 1929, Second edition], Archive.org mirror version.
*''Beyond Leh: A Shooting Trip in Ladakh, 1926'' by K. W. Dickson, wife of R, a Medical Officer. ''Journal of the  Royal Army Medical Corps''   
*''Beyond Leh: A Shooting Trip in Ladakh, 1926'' by K. W. Dickson, wife of R, a Medical Officer. ''Journal of the  Royal Army Medical Corps''   
:[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/60/5/377.full.pdf Part 1] 1933;60:5 377-392. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/60/6/456.full.pdf Part 2] 1933;60:6 456-461. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/1/61.full.pdf Part 3] 1933;61:1 61-70. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/2/133.full.pdf Part 4] 1933;61:2 133-144. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/4/304.full.pdf Part 5] 1933;61:4 304-309. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/5/379.full.pdf Part 6] 1933;61:5 379-393. Part 7: not online. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/2/142.full.pdf Part 8] 1934;62:2 142-150. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/3/224.full.pdf Part 9] 1934;62:3 224-233. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/5/365.full.pdf Part 10] 1934;62:5 365-376. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/6/430.full.pdf Part 11] 1934;62:6 430-440. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/63/2/127.full.pdf Part 12] 1934;63:2 127-134. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/63/3/193.full.pdf Part 13] 1934;63:3 193-206.   
:[http://jramc.bmj.com/content/60/5/377.full.pdf Part 1] 1933;60:5 377-392. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/60/6/456.full.pdf Part 2] 1933;60:6 456-461. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/1/61.full.pdf Part 3] 1933;61:1 61-70. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/2/133.full.pdf Part 4] 1933;61:2 133-144. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/4/304.full.pdf Part 5] 1933;61:4 304-309. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/61/5/379.full.pdf Part 6] 1933;61:5 379-393. Part 7 1933;61:6 ?-466: not online. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/2/142.full.pdf Part 8] 1934;62:2 142-150. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/3/224.full.pdf Part 9] 1934;62:3 224-233. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/5/365.full.pdf Part 10] 1934;62:5 365-376. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/62/6/430.full.pdf Part 11] 1934;62:6 430-440. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/63/2/127.full.pdf Part 12] 1934;63:2 127-134. [http://jramc.bmj.com/content/63/3/193.full.pdf Part 13] 1934;63:3 193-206.  
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1973-macartney-at-kashgar-by-skrine-s-pdf/ ''Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890-1918''] by  C.P. Skrine and Pamela Nightingale. 1973. Link to a pdf download PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Macartney’s wife Catherine wrote of her time at Kashgar in  ''An English Lady in Chinese Turkestan''  first published 1931. A later biography is ''The Diplomat of Kashgar: A Very Special Agent. The Life of Sir George Macartney, 18 January 1867-19 May 1945'' by James McCarthy.
*[https://archive.org/details/1945-mountain-magic/mode/2up ''Mountain Magic''] by Eve Orme [1945].  About travel to Ladakh in 1926 with her Army officer husband who was on a shooting-trip.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1973-macartney-at-kashgar-by-skrine-s-pdf/ ''Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890-1918''] by  C.P. Skrine and Pamela Nightingale. 1973. Link to a pdf download PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Also available [https://archive.org/details/nightingale-pam-pam-nightingale-pamela-nightingale-macartney-at-kashgar-new-ligh Archive.org version]. Macartney’s wife Catherine wrote of her time at Kashgar in [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2943/page/n1/mode/2up ''An English Lady in Chinese Turkestan''] first published 1931. Archive.org, mirror from PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Datase. A later biography is ''The Diplomat of Kashgar: A Very Special Agent. The Life of Sir George Macartney, 18 January 1867-19 May 1945'' by James McCarthy.
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023243391 ''Through Deserts and Oases of Central Asia''] by Ella Sykes and Percy Sykes, 1920 Archive.org. Covers the brief period in which Percy Sykes relieved Macartney at Kashgar  while the latter was on leave in 1916 but is really Percy's sister Ella Sykes’s travel account and says little about consular affairs.
:[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023243391 ''Through Deserts and Oases of Central Asia''] by Ella Sykes and Percy Sykes, 1920 Archive.org. Covers the brief period in which Percy Sykes relieved Macartney at Kashgar  while the latter was on leave in 1916 but is really Percy's sister Ella Sykes’s travel account and says little about consular affairs.
:*Includes a [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023243391#page/n456/mode/1up Map], in two sections.
:*Includes a [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023243391#page/n456/mode/1up Map], in two sections.
Line 89: Line 113:
:Also see [[Norperforce]] for more about the Kashgar Mission during WW1 prior to 1922.
:Also see [[Norperforce]] for more about the Kashgar Mission during WW1 prior to 1922.
:[https://archive.org/details/antiqueland00ship ''The Antique Land''] by Diana Shipton 1950. Archive.org Lending Library. A memoir by the wife of Eric Shipton, the last British consul in Kashgar before the consulate closed in 1947.
:[https://archive.org/details/antiqueland00ship ''The Antique Land''] by Diana Shipton 1950. Archive.org Lending Library. A memoir by the wife of Eric Shipton, the last British consul in Kashgar before the consulate closed in 1947.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1936-khyber-caravan-through-kashmir-waziristan-afghanistan-baluchistan-and-northern-india-by-sinclair-s-pdf/ ''Khyber Caravan–through Kashmir Waziristan Afghanistan Baluchistan and Northern India'']  by Gordon Sinclair 1936. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209132/page/n5/mode/2up ''Khyber Caravan: Through Kashmir, Waziristan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Northern India'']  by Gordon Sinclair 1936. Archive.org. Also available [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1936-khyber-caravan-through-kashmir-waziristan-afghanistan-baluchistan-and-northern-india-by-sinclair-s-pdf/   PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]. If download button does not display, locate in Books/Indian Subcontinent/1936. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2641 Archive.org mirror version].
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1960-hired-to-kill-some-chapters-of-autobiography-by-morris-s-pdf/ ''Hired to Kill:  Some Chapters of Autobiography''] by  John Morris 1960. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.  Morris was an officer with the 3rd Gurkha Rifles from 1918 until 1934. Includes chapters when he was transport officer for the 1922 Mount Everest Expedition (page 134 onwards) and in 1927 he trekked in Chinese Turkestan (page 225 onwards).
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1960-hired-to-kill-some-chapters-of-autobiography-by-morris-s-pdf/ ''Hired to Kill:  Some Chapters of Autobiography''] by  John Morris 1960. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3164 Archive.org mirror version].  Morris was an officer with the 3rd Gurkha Rifles from 1918 until 1934. Includes chapters when he was transport officer for the 1922 Mount Everest Expedition (page 134 onwards) and in 1927 he trekked in Chinese Turkestan (page 225 onwards).
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3220/page/n1/mode/2up ''British India's Northern Frontier 1865-1895. A Study in Imperial Policy''] by  G J Alder 1963. Archive.org, mirror from PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3551 ''The Gilgit Game: The Explorers of the Western Himalayas 1865-95''] by John Keay 1979.  Archive.org, mirror from PAHAR: Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
*[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/2004-kashmir-and-the-british-raj-1847-1947-by-huttenback-s-pdf/ ''Kashmir and the British Raj 1847-1947''] by Robert A Huttenback 2004. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If download button does not display, locate in Books/Indian Subcontinent.
:[http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1961-historical-genesis-of-indias-northern-frontier-problem-by-huttenback-s-pdf/ ''Historical Genesis of India’s Northern Frontier Problem''] by Robert A Huttenback 1961. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If download button does not display, locate in Books/Indian Subcontinent or [http://pahar.in/?wpfb_dl=20138 Direct link]. [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3182/mode/2up Archive.org mirror version]. Paper presented before the South Asia Colloquium, April 27, 1961.
*[https://archive.org/details/MallinsonRecipes ''Recipes''] by  The Mallinson Girls’ School , Srinagar.  unknown date, but probably after 1961. Archive.org. This school was  established in 1912  as the Girls' Mission High School and was later named after the Church Missionary Society Missionary,  Miss Muriel Pauline Mallinson, probably after she retired c 1961. The School is now part of the Tyndale-Biscoe & Mallinson Schools, Srinagar.
*[https://archive.org/details/MallinsonRecipes ''Recipes''] by  The Mallinson Girls’ School , Srinagar.  unknown date, but probably after 1961. Archive.org. This school was  established in 1912  as the Girls' Mission High School and was later named after the Church Missionary Society Missionary,  Miss Muriel Pauline Mallinson, probably after she retired c 1961. The School is now part of the Tyndale-Biscoe & Mallinson Schools, Srinagar.
*[http://pahar.in/pahar/2002-from-kashmir-to-kabul-the-photographs-of-john-burke-and-william-baker-1860-1900-by-khan-pdf/  ''From Kashmir to Kabul: The photographs of John Burke and William Baker 1860-1900''] by Omar Khan 2002. Download from Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). Includes chapters  and photographs about [[Kashmir]],  [[Peshawar]], [[Murree]], the [[2nd Afghan War| Second Afghan War]],  [[Lahore]].
*Fiction:  
*Fiction:  
**[https://archive.org/details/freelanceinkashm00macmiala  ''A Freelance in Kashmir:  A Tale of the Great Anarchy''] by  Lieut.-Colonel G F MacMunn c 1914 Archive.org.
**[https://archive.org/details/freelanceinkashm00macmiala  ''A Freelance in Kashmir:  A Tale of the Great Anarchy''] by  Lieut.-Colonel G F MacMunn c 1914 Archive.org.
**[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/425527 ''Death Walked In Kashmir''] by M M Kaye 1953. Pad download, Digital Library of India. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.425527 Archive.org version]. An edition published in 1984 under the title ''Death in Kashmir''  is available from the [https://archive.org/details/deathinkashmir00kaye_fed  Internet Archive (Archive.org) Lending Library]: first you must register, and only one person at a time may read the book. A 'whodunnit' set  in 1947 just before partition, by the author of  ''The Far Pavilions'' and ''Shadow of the Moon''.
** ''Death Walked In Kashmir'' by M M Kaye 1953. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.425527 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. An edition published in 1984 under the title ''Death in Kashmir''  is available from the [https://archive.org/details/deathinkashmir00kaye_fed  Internet Archive (Archive.org) Lending Library]: first you must register, and only one person at a time may read the book. A 'whodunnit' set  in 1947 just before partition, by the author of  ''The Far Pavilions'' and ''Shadow of the Moon''.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Princely States]]
[[Category:Princely States]]

Latest revision as of 12:20, 22 January 2023

View of Srinagar

This article covers Kashmir and other nearby countries of Central or High Asia.

Kashmir and Jammu was a Princely State which was created in 1846 after the 1st Sikh War. The British annexed the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan and tranferred it to Maharajah Gulab Singh for an indemnity payment. The capital of Kashmir was Srinagar.

Spelling variants

Modern name: Kashmir Variants: Cashmere

FIBIS resources

External links

  • Jammu and Kashmir Wikipedia (retrieved 16 June 2016)
  • "Heritage tag for 110-yr-old power project" by Majid Jahangir. The second oldest power project, the Mohura [Mohra] Power House located in the Uri area of north Kashmir’s Baramulla district, was commissioned in 1902. The Tribune September 1, 2012, Chandigarh, now an archived webpage. The Mohura Power House was situated midway between Uri and Baramulla.
  • "Returning to Kashmir, where our parents were shot in front of us" by Andrew Whitehead 16 November 2017 from Baramulla, Kashmir. BBC com. Lieutenant-Colonel Tom Dykes of the Sikh Regiment, and his wife Biddy, and four others were shot dead at St Joseph's Catholic Mission Hospital in the riverside town of Baramulla, Kashmir in October 1947.
  • 'Kashmir" by Kenneth Iain MacDonald. (library.utoronto.ca). In J. Speake (ed) (2003) The Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia. London: Routledge. Includes a Bibliography.
  • Perspectives of Early Photographers in Kashmir 1861-1920 by Hugh Rayner 21 Jan 2023. YouTube video presentation. The talk is illustrated with photographs taken primarily from the Hugh A. Rayner Collection of Early Indian Photography.

Historical books online

Gazetteer Of Kashmir And Ladak 1890 . Full title: Gazetteer of Kashmír and Ladak : together with routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jamu and Kashmir compiled (for political and military reference) under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch 1890. Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
The Kashmir Hand-book: a guide for visitors by John Ince, 3rd edition, revised and enlarged 1876. Pdf download, PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Archive.org mirror version.
Kashmir and Jammu: A Guide for Visitors by Joshua Duke, late Resident Surgeon in Kashmir. Thacker, Spink 1903. There was a later edition 1910. Cover title: Kashmir Handbook. Northwestern University Libraries Digitized Books [USA]. Catalogue entry. It is stated that it is practically a new book although based on Ince’s work (editions at the end of the 1860s, 1876 and 1888. Titles are The Káshmir Handbook: a guide for visitors by John Ince 1867, 1872-see above, 1876-see above; Ince's Kashmir Handbook : a guide for visitors, rewritten and much enlarged by Joshua Duke 1888). 1910 edition HathiTrust Digital Library, 1910 Google Books edition, both available only to North American etc viewers.
1918; 1927, 14th edition. Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
1918 11th edition Archive.org version, mirror from Pahar; 1927 14th edition Archive.org version, 1933 15th edition Archive.org version revised by E F Neve, mirrors from Digital Library of India.
Narrative of a journey from Caunpoor to the Boorendo pass, in the Himalaya Mountains viâ Gwalior, Agra, Delhi, and Sirhind; by Major Sir William Lloyd. And Captain Alexander Gerard's account of an attempt to penetrate by Bekhur to Garoo, and the Lake Manasarowara: with a letter from the late J.G. Gerard, esq. detailing a visit to the Shatool and Boorendo passes, for the purpose of determining tte line of perpetual snow on the southern face of the Himalaya. Ed. by George Lloyd, published 1840. Volume I [1821-1822] Google Books. Volume II Captain Alexander Gerard’s Narrative 1821 Archive.org. Article about the book, page 421 The Monthly Review, From January To April Inclusive. 1840 Google Books.
Volume I, Volume II, Volume III Google Books
Volume I, Volume II, Volume III British Library Digital Collection. Images can be rotated.
Some sources give her names as Eleanor Louisa, Mrs Thomas Kibble. However, another source gives her as Julia Harvey, born 1825, the daughter of William Morton an engineer and his wife Juliana. [1] There was a marriage in Cawnpore 10 September 1845 of Julian Susan Morton , age 20, to Edward Harvey, Captain 10th Light Cavalry. He appears to be still alive in the late 1850s, so if this identification was correct, she did not undertake the journey due to widowhood. Article about the book by Christina Stoltz exploringtibet.wikischolars.columbia.edu
The Roof of the World : being a narrative of a journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus Sources on Pamir by Lieutenant-Colonel T E Gordon, Honorary Aide-De-Camp to the Viceroy of India, lately attached to the Special Mission to Kashghar 1876 Archive.org. Includes Kashghar.
The Tourist's and Sportsman’s Guide to Kashmir and Ladak by A E Ward, Bengal Staff Corps 1896. Archive.org
The Hunza Nagar Expedition page 112 Reminiscences; the Wanderings of a Yachtsman and War Correspondent by E. F. Knight 1923. HathiTrust Digital Library. This book is also available Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. If the download button does not display, locate under Books/Indian Subcontinent.
An Artist in the Himalayas by A D McCormick (Arthur David) 1895. Illustrated by sketches. Archive.org. Arthur David McCormick Wikipedia
A Summer in High Asia, being a record of sport and travel in Baltisan and Ladakh by Capt F E S Adair, late Rifle Brigade 1899. 2nd file images may be marginally better. Archive.org
Thirty years in Kashmir by Arthur Neve, Church Missionary Society 1913. Archive.org
Robert Clark of the Panjab : pioneer and missionary statesman by Henry Martyn Clark 1907 Archive.org. Includes chapters on the Cashmere Mission. Born 1825, Robert Clark joined the Church Missionary Society and was sent to India where he arrived in 1852 and was posted to Amritsar. He partially retired in 1898, completely in 1900, but died soon after.
Part 1 1933;60:5 377-392. Part 2 1933;60:6 456-461. Part 3 1933;61:1 61-70. Part 4 1933;61:2 133-144. Part 5 1933;61:4 304-309. Part 6 1933;61:5 379-393. Part 7 1933;61:6 ?-466: not online. Part 8 1934;62:2 142-150. Part 9 1934;62:3 224-233. Part 10 1934;62:5 365-376. Part 11 1934;62:6 430-440. Part 12 1934;63:2 127-134. Part 13 1934;63:3 193-206.
Through Deserts and Oases of Central Asia by Ella Sykes and Percy Sykes, 1920 Archive.org. Covers the brief period in which Percy Sykes relieved Macartney at Kashgar while the latter was on leave in 1916 but is really Percy's sister Ella Sykes’s travel account and says little about consular affairs.
  • Includes a Map, in two sections.
Chinese Central Asia by C P Skrine. Indian Civil Service, British Consul General in Chinese Turkistan 1922-1924. First published 1926 Archive.org. Index.Hathi Trust Digital Library version where images are rotatable. The Consulate was at Kashgar. Clarmont Percival Skrine Wikipedia.
Also see Norperforce for more about the Kashgar Mission during WW1 prior to 1922.
The Antique Land by Diana Shipton 1950. Archive.org Lending Library. A memoir by the wife of Eric Shipton, the last British consul in Kashgar before the consulate closed in 1947.
Historical Genesis of India’s Northern Frontier Problem by Robert A Huttenback 1961. Link to a pdf download, PAHAR - Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). If download button does not display, locate in Books/Indian Subcontinent or Direct link. Archive.org mirror version. Paper presented before the South Asia Colloquium, April 27, 1961.

References

  1. Snippet Search result from ‪In Their Own Words: British Women Writers and India, 1740-1857‬ by Rosemary Raza 2006 Google Books
  2. Page 318 British Autobiographies: An Annotated Bibliography of British Autobiographies Published Or Written Before 1951. Compiled by William Matthews originally published 1955 Google Books