2nd China War: Difference between revisions

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== External Links ==
== External Links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars]  Wikipedia<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War 2nd Opium War 1856-60]  Wikipedia<br>[http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/China-War-1860-115.php Queen's Dragoon Guards in China 1860] www.qdg.org.uk
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars]  Wikipedia<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War 2nd Opium War 1856-60]  Wikipedia<br>[http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/China-War-1860-115.php Queen's Dragoon Guards in China 1860] www.qdg.org.uk
==== Historical Books on-line ====
[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/400/mode/2up  Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India - Events in China from 1842-60] www.archive.org<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/n457/mode/2up  Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India - Scene of Operations 1860] www.archive.org<br>


[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 2nd]]
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 2nd]]

Revision as of 10:20, 21 December 2009

Also known as the 2nd Opium War and the 2nd Anglo-Chinese War

Summary

2nd China War
1856-60
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: China
Combatants:
East India Company China
Result: British and French victory
Medals:
2nd China War Medal
Clasps: Fatshan 1857, Canton 1857, Taku Forts 1858, Taku Forts 1860, Pekin 1860
Links:
Category: 2nd China War
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
First Campaign 1856
locations and routes on Google Maps
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
Second Campaign 1860
locations and routes on Google Maps

In the 1850s the Western Powers sought to renegotiate their commercial treaties with China. The British wanted opening of all China to merchants, legalization of the opium trade and exemption of import tariffs. The Qing Government refused and relations deteriorated when a Hong Kong vessel was boarded by the Chinese and there was an attempt to poison Europeans in Hong Kong. The French were drawn in following the execution of a missionary and the Russians and Americans also made representations. British and French forces captured Canton and then took the Taku Forts outside Tianjin. There was a temporary end to hostilities in June 1858 with the Treaty of Tianjin which gave extensive rights to the Western Powers. The Qing Government rejected the treaty and in June 1859 Anglo-French forces tried unsuccessfully to take the Taku Forts. In the summer of 1860 a a larger Anglo-French force from Shanghai landed north of Tianjin which they captured. The Battle of Pa-li-chao in September defeated the Chinese finally and the Summer Palace in Peking was destroyed. The Convention of Peking ratified the Treaty of Tianjin, the opium trade was legalized, China was opened to western merchants and Britain and France were paid a huge indemnity.

External Links

Opium Wars Wikipedia
2nd Opium War 1856-60 Wikipedia
Queen's Dragoon Guards in China 1860 www.qdg.org.uk

Historical Books on-line

Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India - Events in China from 1842-60 www.archive.org
Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India - Scene of Operations 1860 www.archive.org