Ceylon

Ceylon, to the South East of Madras Presidency

"Ceylon, a large island and British colony in the Indian Ocean, separated on the N.W. from India by the Gulf of Manaar and Palk Strait. It lies between 5° 55' and 9° 51' N. and between 79° 41' and 81° 54' E. Its extreme length from north to south is 2 712 m.; its greatest width is 1371 m.; and its area amounts to 25,481 sq. m., or about five-sixths of that of Ireland. In its general outline the island resembles a pear, the apex of which points towards the north." The island is now called Sri Lanka.

History

The Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, followed by the Dutch in the 17th Century with the British, as usual, arriving late - 1796 - when the British East India Company established control. In 1802 Ceylon became a British Crown Colony. The island was unified in 1815 (previously there had been three kingdoms) and the island finally gained its independence in 1948.

Military actions

• War against Dutch in Ceylon -1795-96
• 1st Kandyan War - 1803-05
• 2nd Kandyan War - 1815
• 3rd Kandyan War (Uva Rebellion) - 1817-18

Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps

The Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps was a Volunteer Corps established  in 1861. Initially the movement consisted of the Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers but by the 1900s also had Artillery, Medical, Engineers and Supply and Transport units. 

The CPRC sent a contingent to South Africa in 1902 along with a detachment of the Ceylon Mounted Infantry. In 1910 the force became known as the Ceylon Defence Force.

A Corps of 150 ‘fine young Englishmen’ left Ceylon in 1914, comprised not only of planters but also Government servants, Colombo businessmen and others. They served in Egypt and were then attached to the Wellington infantry Battalion of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force in the ANZAC division at Gallipoli. The high standard of the men led to virtually all of them receiving commissions and they went on to serve in other regiments  which meant this Corps then ceased to exist.

Records

Except for the few short years when the East India Company was in control (1796-1802) records for Ceylon will not be found in the India Office Records at the British Library, but at The National Archives at Kew. For example, the description and succession books of the Ceylon Rifles covering years 1809-1872 are held under reference W025/638-641 (these include officers services) and reference WO23/158 includes the admission books for the Ceylon Rifles and Gun Lascars for the period May 1868-Sept 1876. Personal data may also be held amongst the National Archive's Administrative Records of Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

Some birth marriage and death information in respect of civil registration from 1867 may be obtained by writing to Registrar General's Office, New Secretariat, Maligawatta, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka.

In Holland, located in the same building as the National Archives at The Hague but a separate organization, is the 'Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie' (Central Bureau for Genealogy - CBG) , the Dutch information and documentation centre for genealogy, family history and related sciences. Researchers visiting this centre found some copies of records relating to British Ceylon christenings.

LDS Records

For general details about LDS records, including microfilms, see IGI.

Sri Lanka, Colombo District Dutch Reformed Church Records 1677-1990 are available on the familysearch website. These are not searchable by name but as images that can be browsed

The North Parramatta Family History Centre in Sydney, Australia has the detailed indexes to the Baptisms and Marriages at the Dutch Reformed Church at Wolfendaal, Colombo, up to 1897. These are not LDS microfilms but are spiral bound photocopies made from the journals and indexes at Victor Melder's Sri Lankan Library in Melbourne.

Churches and cemeteries

A researcher advised a trip to Sri Lanka in 2010 "uncovered masses of records in churches in Kandy, Colombo, Galle and Matara that need to be photographed ASAP... The Methodist Church seems to have centralised all records prior to 1982 in Colombo". "The Anglican church records are at the Diocesan library in Colombo. The records are from churches all over the Island."

Several kinds of registers of the Dutch Reformed Church at Galle and Matara are to be found in the main office of the Christian Reformed Church of Sri Lanka, in Colombo. The volumes include baptismal (1677-1807), marriage (1744-1847) and burial registers (1770-1840s), all for Galle, and a baptismal register for Matara 1776-1800. No inventory is available and some of the material is heavily damaged. In the future, the collection may be transferred to the Wolvendaal Church

The Galle Face Burial Ground was opened in 1803 and located on the south side of the Fort. Trying to locate this cemetery which appears to have also been the Garrison cemetery, a researcher was told that a Roman Catholic church had been built on the site and all the tombstones moved to the Kanatte cemetery. She also visited the Garrison cemetery in Kandy which has been restored

FIBIS Resources

• Monumental Inscriptions from Columbo Cemetery, Ceylon FIBIS Database
• List of inscriptions on tombstones and monuments in Ceylon, of historical or local interest, with an obituary of persons uncommemorated by J Penry Lewis in FIBIS database
• Images of Ceylon

Also see

• Dutch
• The Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon

External links

Maps

• 1850 Map of the Diocese of Colombo, with Plantations marked. The Colonial Church Atlas 3rd Edition 1850 National Library of Australia Digital Collections-Maps. Catalogue entry
• 1956 Diagram of the planting districts of Ceylon showing the principal estates: tea, rubber, coconut, cacao, cinnamon, cardamom and citronella plantations, roads, railways, hospitals, rest houses, post offices and police stations. National Library of Australia Digital Collections-Maps Catalogue entry

Other

• Ceylon Wikipedia
• The Virtual Library of Sri Lanka has a section "History", which in turn has a section "Colonial History, The British in Lanka (1796-1948)"
• Administrative Records of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) - movinghere.org
• Registrar General’s Department, Colombo. Registration of births, marriages and deaths from 1867. Retrieved 15 September 2014
• Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie (Central Bureau for Genealogy - CBG) The Hague, The Netherlands. Retrieved 15 September 2014
• Sri Lanka Genealogy Website
• Kabristan Archives-Ireland- Ceylon- India Genealogy
• Genealogy Sri Lanka. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Kyle Joustra’s International Ceylon Database, includes Military, with regiments and names
• Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon - Website contains much information including journals containing various family history Example
• History of Ceylon Tea also includes many online publications, refer below, including Ferguson’s Ceylon Directories from 1871 to 1930 (broken range).
• Photographs: Images of Ceylon
• Collection of photographs: Colonial Buildings, Colombo by DBHKer flick.com. Includes some churches. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Church of Ceylon - Diocese of Colombo. Anglican. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Archdiocese of Colombo [Roman Catholic]. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Colombo Fort February 19, 2006 ”F's Place” Retrieved 16 September 2014
• St Peters Church – [now] Mission To Seafarers. Retrieved 16 September 2014. Previously known as St Peter’s, Fort, or the Garrison Church
  • Photographs: St Peter’s Church, Colombo. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• The Wolvendaal Church, Colombo. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• "The country’s oldest Christian church" [and other churches in Ceylon] by Gaveshaka. The Sunday Times Newspaper in Sri Lanka. Sunday 28 November 2004. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• British Garrison Cemetery of Kandy October 18, 2013 amazinglanka.com. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Under a Tropical Sun (Macquarie University) covers 1796-1821. Includes the historical background and contemporary accounts of the Officers of the 73rd Regiment of Foot (and their families) in Ceylon 1814-21.
• The 95th Regiment In Ceylon 1838-1847 “Moss Valley”. Retrieved 28 August 2014
• Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps
  • Short History of the Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps Compiled by Major Anton Edema, 2(V)SLLI scribd.com. Retrieved 16 September 2014
  • "Tea Leaves." Ceylon Planters Corps. The Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1916 trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 16 September 2014
  • Ceylon Planter's Rifle Corps Correspondence on OHMS Postcards by Kathryn Johnson html version, pdf .collectorsclubchicago.org. Retrieved 16 September 2014
• Ceylon Mounted Infantry in the Boer War AngloBoerWar.com
• Boer Prisoners of War. Also see POW Camps in India-Boer War.
  • Anglo Boere Oorlog/Boer War (1899-1902) POW Ceylon geni.com
  • Sri Lanka, Diyathalawa, Boer War Memorial eggsa.org Click on images for larger version and list of names, if available
  • Transcriptions by Pieter van der Merwe: html version pdf boekmakierie.co.za. Contains
    • Articles from the Journal of the Dutch Burger Union of Ceylon: "The Boers At Diyatalawa" by E. H. Van Der Wall Volume XVIII January 1929 No 3. "The Boer Prisoner-Of-War In Ceylon (1900 – 1902)" by R. L. Brohier in Five Parts. Volume XXXVI July 1946 No 1 to Volume XXXVIII July 1947 No 1. The last Part includes a list of deaths. "Addendum.The Boer Prisoners Of War In Ceylon" by L.G. Poulier. List of Boer War Prisoners who died in Ceylon received from the Anglo Boer War Museum

Historical books online

• A description of Ceylon, containing an account of the country, inhabitants, and natural productions;‬: ‪with narratives of a tour round the island in 1800, the campaign in Candy in 1803, and a journey to Ramisseram in 1804. Illustrated by twenty-five engravings from original drawings‬ by Rev James Cordiner, late Chaplain to the Garrison of Columbo. 1807 Google Books. Volume 1, Volume II The author was in Ceylon 1799-1804
• There are chapters on Ceylon from page 139 A Voyage To India by Rev James Cordiner 1820 Google Books The author was in Ceylon 1799-1804
• "Observations on the Campaign in Ceylon" The Naval and Military Magazine "Part 1: the Dutch War ending 1764" Volume 2, page 564 1827 Archive.org; Part 2: The British Campaign from 1803, involving the 19th and 65th Regiments of Foot, together with Royal Artillery and troops from Bengal. Volume 3, page 204 1828 Google Books
• The Ceylon Gazetteer; containing an accurate account of the districts, provinces, cities, towns, principal villages, harbours, rivers, lakes &c. of the Island of Ceylon, together with sketches of the manners, customs, institutions, agriculture, commerce, manufactures, revenues, population, castes, religion, history of its various inhabitants 1834 Google Books
• An Appeal to the British Government in behalf the British Colony and Province of Ceylon: with an appendix containing various notices of the island by authors and travellers of the early and middle ages by William Peter 2nd Edition with Additions 1836. 1st Edition 1835 Google Books .
• Statistics of the Colonies of the British Empire from the Official Records of the Colonial Office by Robert Montgomery Martin 1839 Google Books. Book IV- Possessions in Asia "Chapter II Ceylon" pages 369-402
• Old Ceylon, Sketches of Ceylon Life in the Olden Time by John Capper 1877 Archive.org. Generally refers to a period 30 to 40 years prior ie c 1840s
• Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: Archive.org Multiple volumes from Volume 1 1845. Hathi Trust multiple volumes including restricted access, some of which, to c 1923, are probably available to those in North America.
• Ceylon: An Account of the Island, Physical, Historical, and Topographical, with Notices of Its Natural History, Antiquities and Productions‬ by Sir James Emerson Tennent 4th edition, thoroughly revised 1860 Volume I, Volume II Volume II includes "Gampola and the Coffee Regions" page 222 and Map of Coffee Estates which requires strong magnification. Additional versions of the same map Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek, Staatsbibliothek Berlin
• A Gazetteer of the Central Province of Ceylon (excluding Walapane) by Archibald Campbell Lawrie Archive.org
  • Volume 1, A-K 1896, Volume 2, L-Z 1898
• Ceylon in 1903 describing the progress of the island since 1803, its present agricultural and commercial enterprises, and its unequalled attractions to visitors, with upwards of one hundred illustrations, by John Ferguson 1903 Archive.org
• List of inscriptions on tombstones and monuments in Ceylon, of historical or local interest, with an obituary of persons uncommemorated by J Penry Lewis 1913 Archive.org
• Life in the Jungle or Letters from a Coffee-Planter in Ceylon to his cousin in London by Sampson Brown. Simmond's Colonial Magazine and Foreign Miscellany, Volumes 10 and 11 1847. Google Books and Hathi Trust. First published as a book in Colombo 1845 (109 pages), available at the British Library. Page 13, page 150, page 323, page 376, page 14, page 155, page 401
• Coffee: its physiology, history, and cultivation adapted as a work of reference for Ceylon, Wynaad, Coorg and The Neilgherries by Edmund C.P. Hull 1865 Google Books
• Ferguson’s Ceylon Directories from 1871 to 1930 (broken range) and other online publications ave available on History of Ceylon Tea, accessible from the Home Page.
• Coffee planting in Southern India and Ceylon by ECP Hull 1877 Archive.org
• "The Eurasians of Ceylon" Calcutta Review Volume 63, 1876, page 173
• Prize Essay on Cinchona Cultivation Written for the Dikoya Planters' Association [Ceylon] by Thomas North Christie 1883 Archive.org
• Ceylon & Her Planting Enterprize: In Tea, Cacao, Cardamoms, Cinchona, Coconut, and Areca Palms Published 1885 by A.M. & J. Ferguson. Archive.org
• All about Cinnamon: including Practical instruction for planting, cultivation and preparation for market published by A.M & J Ferguson, Ceylon 1902 Is available to read online at Kerala State Central Library Rare Books Online. Catalogue no.16433
• All about Pepper: Including Practical Instructions for planting, cultivation and preparation for market published by A.M & J Ferguson Ceylon c 1901 Is available to read online at Kerala State Central Library Rare Books Online. Catalogue no. 16434
• All about 'Coconut Palm' (Cocos Nucifera): Including Practical Instructions for planting and cultivation by J Ferguson (Comp.) 3rd edition 1904 is available to read online at Kerala State Central Library Rare Books Online. Catalogue no. 16435
• Coconut planter's manual. Ferguson's "All about the coconut palm" (Cocos nucifera). Treating of the history and cultivation, chemistry and physiology of the palm, and about its commercial products by J Ferguson 5th edition 1923 Archive.org
• "Preparing “Para Rubber” in Ceylon" page 192 The India Rubber World March 1, 1903 Archive.org

"The Rival of "Para" Rubber in the East" page 219 The India Rubber World April 1, 1903 Archive.org

"Rubber Planting in Ceylon and the Malay States" page 225 The India Rubber World April 1, 1904 Archive.org

• My Tour in Eastern Rubber Lands by Herbert Wright 1908 Archive.org Ceylon, Malaya, Java, Sumatra
• "A brief sketch of the medical history of Ceylon" by J L Vanderstratten page 306 The Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 1886 Volume IX, no 32 Archive.org
• Slavery and the slave trade in British India: with notices of the existence of these evils in the islands of Ceylon, Malacca, and Penang, drawn from official documents Published 1841 Google Books
• The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon by Samuel W Baker 1854 edition Google Books. New edition 1874 Archive.org
• Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon by Samuel White Baker 1855 Google Books
• ‪The Wild Elephant and the Method of Capturing and Taming it in Ceylon‬ by Sir J Emerson Tennent 1867 Google Books
• The Duke of Edinburgh in Ceylon. A book of elephant and elk sport ... Illustrated with chromo-lithographs, etc. by John Capper 1871. British Library itemViewer said to be good for images. If necessary, hover mouse over the bottom of the book to scroll pages. British Library’s pdf version
• The “Grand Tour” of the British Princes: the visit of ... Prince Albert Victor and Prince George to Ceylon Reprinted from the Ceylon Observer 1882 Archive.org

The Cruise of Her Majesty's ship "Bacchante", 1879-1882, Volume II- The East Compiled from the Private Journals etc of Prince Albert Victor and Prince George of Wales 1886 Archive.org. Includes China, Singapore, Ceylon.

• Two Years in the Jungle : the Experiences of a Hunter and Naturalist in India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo by William T Hornaday, Chief Taxidermist, US National Museum 1885 Archive.org
• Two Happy Years in Ceylon by C F [Constance Frederica] Gordon Cumming with Illustrations New Edition 1901, first published 1892 Archive.org
• Recollections of a Boer Prisoner-Of-War at Ceylon by J N Brink, "late adjudant of General Crowther" 1904 Archive.org
• Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources by Arnold Wright, reprint edition, first published 1907 is available to read online on the Digital Library of India website. Contents digital file page 18. Includes Military and Volunteers, actual page 857, digital file page 864 Volunteers 865
• Memorandum Upon Recent Disturbances in Ceylon by Edward Walter Perera 1915 Archive.org. The 1915 Ceylon Riots.