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The [[Pamban Branch Railway]] was a metre  gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) single line completed in 1914 by the [[South Indian Railway]] Company(SIR).
The '''Pamban Viaduct''' was a vital link in the [[Pamban Branch Railway]], a metre  gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) single line completed in 1914 by the [[South Indian Railway]] Company(SIR) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamban_Bridge Wikipedia "Pamban_Bridge"]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>.
<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamban_Bridge Wikipedia "Pamban_Bridge"]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>
The line linked the SIR network in India at [[Madura]] with the Island of [[Pambam]], from where there was a ferry connection to [[Ceylon]].


Prior to the construction of this line, traffic between India and Ceylon was carried via Tuticorin and Colombo, a route which line, which has necessitated a 12-hours' sea journey.  
The line linked the SIR network in India at [[Madura]] with the Island of [[Pambam]], from where there was a ferry connection to [[Ceylon]]. The line involved the construction of the '''Pamban Viaduct''' across the submerged reef lying between the mainland of India and the Island of  [[Panbam]], (also known as Rameswaram Island) <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/imotp.1915.16223 Institution of Civil Engineers "Minutes of the Proceedings" Volume 199, Issue 1915, 01 January 1915 , pages 377 –387]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>.


==Background==
The Pambam Viaduct was 6776ft (2065 m) in length, a single metre gauge ([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) track which included the "Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge" to permit shipping to use the Pamban Pass passage.
A railway to  link [[Dhaneshkodi]] in India to [[Talaimannar]] in [[Ceylon]], a distance of 22 miles(35km), was a constant challenge to railway engineers. The route would follow the chain of limestone shoals known as '''Adam's Bridge''' between [[Pamban]] Island (also known as Rameswaram Island), off the Indian south-eastern coast,  and Mannar Island, off the north-western coast of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Geological evidence suggests that this bridge is a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%27s_Bridge Wikipedia "Adam's Bridge"]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>


The route was first considered in 1876 but no definite was taken until 1894 with a proposal from the Ceylon Government, followed a year later by a survey by the Indian Government. These proposals were rejected as the outlay was greater than the anticipated traffic would justify and the idea of bridging the sea was abandoned <ref> Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951", pages 63-64 </ref>.
The viaduct was designed by [[Robert White]], the SIR Company’s Consulting Engineer in London. And the bridge was constructed in England under his supervision.  Work started on the viaduct in June 1911 and completed in June 1913.  
   
The route, described as the '''Madura-Pamban Railway''' in some records, was surveyed by [[Ernest Ifill Shadbolt]] between the years of 1888 and 1893. (see 'Personnel' below)


==History==
The book published by the Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951",   
*1902, the branch of the SIR from [[Madura]] to [[Pambam]] Island was completed as far as [[Mandapam]], a village on the coast on the mainland side of the narrow strait which divides the island from the shore, a distance of 90 miles (145km) <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_405.gif "Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1906" page 399]; Retrieved 21 Jun 2016</ref>
<ref> Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951”</ref> on pages 63 to 72 gives superb photographs and technical details of the lifting bridge and the viaduct.  
*1908. After much consultion it was decided to build a viaduct from mainland India at Dhaneshkodi to [[Talaimannar]] with a "Scherzer Rolling Lifting Bridge" over the Pamban Pass shipping passage. It involved:-  
* a short 6km extension of the line from [[Mandapam]]
* the construction of the '''[[Pamban Viaduct]]''' across the submerged reef lying between [[Dhaneshkodi]] on the mainland of India and Talaimannar on the Island of [[Pamban]], this included the
* (Rameswaram)
<ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/imotp.1915.16223 Institution of Civil Engineers "Minutes of the Proceedings" Volume 199, Issue 1915, 01 January 1915 , pages 377 –387]; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015</ref>.
 
 
==Records==
An on-line search of the [[India Office Records]](IOR) records relating to this railway <ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=IAMS_VU2  “British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue”  - Search];  Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
gives the following: -
*'''L/F/8/16/1095'''  “South Indian Railway Company Limited, Contract as to the construction and working of the Pamban Branch and the Travancore Branch; 1901"
 
==Personnel==
No Staff Lists have been found.
 
The “Indian Biographical Dictionary” gives [[Ernest Ifill Shadbolt]], [[Public Works Department]], Executive Engineer from 1888 to 1893 as 'Engineer-in-Chief of the  Madura-Pamban Railway Survey  ''also Bezwada-Madras and Tinnevelly-Quilon Railway Surveys'' ' <ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary.djvu/430 “Indian Biographical Dictionary” 1915 page 390]; Retrieved on 27 May 2016</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 35: Line 14:


==Further Information==  
==Further Information==  
See '''[[South Indian Railway]]'''
See '''[[Pamban Branch Railway]]''' and '''[[South Indian Railway]]'''


[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:State Railways]]
[[Category:Railways Constructions]]

Revision as of 10:50, 21 June 2016

The Pamban Viaduct was a vital link in the Pamban Branch Railway, a metre gauge(MG) single line completed in 1914 by the South Indian Railway Company(SIR) [1].

The line linked the SIR network in India at Madura with the Island of Pambam, from where there was a ferry connection to Ceylon. The line involved the construction of the Pamban Viaduct across the submerged reef lying between the mainland of India and the Island of Panbam, (also known as Rameswaram Island) [2].

The Pambam Viaduct was 6776ft (2065 m) in length, a single metre gauge (MG) track which included the "Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge" to permit shipping to use the Pamban Pass passage.

The viaduct was designed by Robert White, the SIR Company’s Consulting Engineer in London. And the bridge was constructed in England under his supervision. Work started on the viaduct in June 1911 and completed in June 1913.

The book published by the Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951", [3] on pages 63 to 72 gives superb photographs and technical details of the lifting bridge and the viaduct.

References

  1. ↑ Wikipedia "Pamban_Bridge"; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015
  2. ↑ Institution of Civil Engineers "Minutes of the Proceedings" Volume 199, Issue 1915, 01 January 1915 , pages 377 –387; Retrieved 13 Dec 2015
  3. ↑ Southern Railway Heritage Centre "Marvels of the South Indian Railway 1859-1951”

Further Information

See Pamban Branch Railway and South Indian Railway

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