Fort William
Fort William was the main British military garrison in Calcutta. It is still in use today as the headquarters of the Indian Army Eastern Command.
The Old Fort
Named for William III of England, the fort was completed in 1806 and was the site of the British factory at Calcutta. This fort had the guard room that became known as the Black Hole of Calcutta, where British prisoners were held after the fort was captured by the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 (see Tony Fuller's articles in FIBIS Journals 1&2).
The original fort was further north, but was relocated to the present site on the Maidan after the Battle of Plassey. The old fort would later be used as a customs house.
The New Fort William
The new Fort William was built by Robert Clive at a cost of £2,000,000 and was completed in 1773. Situated on the site known as the Maidan, it is octagonal in shape and covers an area of 2 square miles. Three sides of the fort face the Hoogly River and there are six gates.
Garrison
Two infantry regiments were stationed at the fort, one British, one native, as well as a Royal Artillery company.
Buildings
Buildings inside the fort include:
- St Peter's Church - the fort church built in 1828. Photograph by Frederick Fiebig - St Peter's Church, Fort William, Calcutta, ca 1850 flickr.com
- St Patrick's - Catholic Chapel built in 1857
- Military Prison
- Governor's Residence - later used as the Soldier's Institute and the Garrison School
External Links
- Early plans of Fort William can be found by searching the French archive ANOM's database Ulysse.
- This India List thread is about the Fort William burial ground. The ‘new” burial ground is part of the military base and is closed to the public. The ‘old’ burial ground is no longer in existence, and some of the headstones were moved and are now mounted on the walls at South Park Cemetery.
Historical books online
- Indian Records Series: Old Fort William in Bengal by CR Wilson Archive.org 1906 Volume 1, Volume 2
- Fort William, page 284 Army Medical Department: Report for the Year 1862 Google Books