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== History ==Having taken In addition to the MR into state ownership and created lines comprised in the new system, the Government of India (Company, worked the [[Government of India Birur-Shimoga Railway |GoI‘Birur-Shimoga Section’]]) immediately passed , the working [[Mysore-Nanjangud Railway |‘Mysore-Nanjangud Section’ ]] and [[Mysore-Bangalore Railway| ‘Mysore-Bangalore Section’]], all of the M&SMR which were made over to a private company of the same Mysore Durbar on 1 Oct 1919 <ref name=Hist1937>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 120 pdf 153]; Retrieved 10 Sept 2020</ref>.
==Railways absorbed into M&SMR==
*[[Madras Railway]](MR). Original Guaranteed Company; Bellary Branch transferred to [[Southern Mahratta Railway]](SMR) 1886-7; Merged with SMR to form M&SMR, 1908
**[[Azikhal-Mangalore Railway]] opened 1903. Extension to MR which merged into M&SMR in 1907
** [[Calicut-Azikhal Railway]] opened 1888. Extension to MR which merged into M&SMR in 1907
**[[Kolar Gold Fields Railway]] opened 1894. Branch railway joining Kolar Gold Fields to [[Bowringpet-Chikballapur Railway]], worked by MR 1908 becoming M&SMR
**[[Morappur-Dharmapuri-Hosur Railway]] opened 1906. MR famine protection line to Dharmapuri; extended to Hosur 1913 and renamed Morappur-Hosur Railway
** [[Tirupattur-Krishnagiri Railway]] opened 1905. MR famine protection line; merged with SMR to form M&SMR, 1908
** [[Walajah Road-Ranipet Railway]] opened before 1899. MR branchline linking Ranipet to mainline; became M&SMR, 1908
*[[Southern Mahratta Railway]](SMR). Original Guaranteed Company; merged with MR to form M&SMR, 1908
**[[Bellary-Kistna State Railway]] constructed before 1890; surveyed for Hindpur extension 1892-94; worked by SMR
**[[Guntakal-Mysore Frontier Railway]] opened c.1893. Worked by SMR, 1893; became M&SMR, 1908
**[[Hindupur-Yesvantpur Railway]] opened 1893. Also known as Hindupur (Yesvantpur-Mysore Frontier) Railway, worked by SMR became M&SMR, 1908
**[[Hospet-Kottur Railway]] opened c.1905. Originally worked by SMR becoming M&SMR, 1908
**[[Kolhapur State Railway]] opened after 1888. Worked by SMR, 1891; became part of M&SMR, 1908
**[[West of India Portuguese Railway]] opened 1886-87. Worked by SMR, 1902; became M&SMR, 1908
*[[Bezwada-Madras Railway]] opened 1899, becoming as part of M&SMR in 1907
==Railway leased to M&SMR==
*[[Mysore State Railway]]. leased to SMR, became M&SMR in 1907; then reverted to [[Mysore State Railway]](MSR), 1919; which became nationalised 1950.
==Lines worked by M&SMR at some time==
*[[Alnavar-Dandeli Railway]] opened 1818-19. Provincial State ([[Rail_gauge#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) line worked by M&SMR
*[[Bangalore Harihar Railway]] opened 1919. Worked by M&SMR until 1919, then MSR
*[[Bezwada-Masulipatam Railway]] opened 1908. Owned by [[Kistna District Board]], a feeder line; worked by M&SMR
*[[Birur-Shimoga Railway]] opened 1899. Worked by M&SMR until 1919, then by MSR
*[[Dhone-Kurnool State Railway]] opened 1909. Short 32 mile MG section. Being worked by M&SMR in 1911 and 1925. No further information.
*[[Guntur-Repalle Railway]] opened 1916. Built and worked by M&SMR. The [[Tenali-Repalle Railway]] section owned by [[Guntur District Board]].
*[[Mysore-Bangalore Railway]] opened 1881. Worked by M&SMR until 1919; then by [[Mysore State Railway]](MSR)
*[[Mysore-Nanjangud Railway]] opened 1891. Worked by M&SMR until 1919; then by [[Mysore State Railway]](MSR)
*[[Sangli State Railway]] opened 1907. Worked by M&SMR, 1914
Major Revision based on 1937 History and separation of Broad and Metre Gauge
|caption= Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Logo
|timeline1date= 1908
|timeline1details= Formed from 2 exisitng existing systems
|timeline2date=
|timeline2details=
|timeline5details=
|company1= 1908
|company1details= [[Madras Railway]](Broad Gauge)
|company2= 1908
|company2details= [[Southern Mahratta Railway]](Metre Gauge)
|company3=
|company3details=
}}
The '''Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway'''(M&SMR) was formed in 1908 mainly from the merger of <ref name=Admin1918>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n89/mode/1up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 81 - 97]; Retrieved 9 Sept 2020</ref>:-* '[File:M&SM [Madras Railway System 1937 Map.png]]'(MR), broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) 1032 miles(1660km), [[Madras Railway – Lines owned and worked|right''see separate page for details''']]* '[[Southern Mahratta Railway]]'(SMR), metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|600pxMG]]) 1687 miles(2715km), [[Southern Mahratta Railway|M&SMR Railway System 1937 Map''see separate page for details''']].
== History ==The '''former [[Madras Railway| ‘Madras Guaranteed Railway Company’ ]] contract expired on the 31 Dec 1907. The lines owned by that Company were purchased by the Secretary of State for India, and Southern Mahratta on 1 Jan 1908 the ‘[[Madras Railway''']]’ (M&SMRwith the exception of the broad gauge [[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline| ‘Jalarpet-Mangalore Section’]] which was made over to the ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’) was formed in 1908 from and together with the merger metre gauge sections of the ' ‘[[Madras South Indian Railway]]'(MR) ’ [[Villupuram-Nellore Railway |‘Katpadi-Gudur’ and ‘Pakala-Dharmavaram’ Sections]], was made over to the '[[Southern Mahratta Railway|‘South Mahratta Railway Company’]]for working. The enlarged Company being styled the '''Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company'''(SMR).<ref>[https:/name=Admin1918/archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n89/mode/2up " Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; pages 81 - 97]; Retrieved 26 Jan 2016</ref>
The [[Government of India |GoI]] took over direct control of the M&SMR on 1 April 1944.
On 14 April 1951, the M&SMR, the [[South Indian Railway]](SIR) and the [[Mysore State Railway]](MSR) merged together to become '''[[Southern Railway]]''', a zone of [[Indian Railways]].
<big><big>'''Madras and Southern Mahratta System Railway System'''</big></big>
[[File:M&SM Railway System 1937 Map.png||right|600px|M&SMR Railway System 1937 Map]]
<br>The ‘Madras and Southern Mahratta System Railway System’ can be defined as made up of the ‘M&SMR Broad Gauge Division ‘ and the M&SMR Metre Gauge Division ‘ .
<br>The 1937 Report <ref name=Hist1937/> gives the total line length of 3229 miles(5196km) as follows:-
==M&SMR Broad Gauge Division ==
In 1937 <ref name=Hist1937/> the total line length of the broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]])
<br> ‘M&SMR System’ BG including all worked lines was 1518 miles(2442km):-
* ‘South-West Main Line’, 133 miles(214km), opened 1856-60 by MR from Madras to Jalarpe, the final 2 miles(km) into Madras Terminal was completed in 1873
** ‘Rayapuram Branch’, 2.1 miles(3.4km) , opened 1856 by MR from Veyasapaudy to Rayapuram, extended to Basin Bridge by 1907 and from Korukkupettai to Veyasapaudy by M&SMR in 1931 giving a total of 5 miles(8km)
** [[Walajah Road-Ranipet Railway| ‘Ranipet Branch’]] , 4.2 miles(6.8km), opened 1899 by MR from Walajah Road (Arcot ) to Ranipet
** ‘Bangalore Branch’, 87 miles(140km), opened 1864 by MR from Jalarpet Junction to Bangalore Cantonment, final 3 miles to Bangalore City in 1882
* ‘North-West Main Line’, 308 miles(496km), opened 1861-71 by MR from Arkonam to Raichur
* ‘North-East Main Line’, 480 miles(772km), opened in a series of dates from 1888 through to 1907 by MR from Basin Bridge (Madras) via Nellore and Bezwada to the Junction near Waltair. Also named the ‘[Bezwada-Madras Railway]]’
** ‘Samalkot Junction- Cocanada Port Branch’, 10 miles(16km), opened1893 by MR from Samalkot Junction to Cocanada Port
** ‘Guntur-Tenali Branch’, 16 miles(26km), opened 1916 by M&MSR from Guntur to Tenali
** ‘Nidadavolu-Narasapur Branch’, 47 miles(76km), opened 1929 by M&MSR from Nidadavolu to Narasapur
** ‘Cocanada-Kotipalle Branch’, 27 miles(43km), opened 1929 by M&MSR from Cocanada to Kotipalle
* ‘[[Kolar Gold Fields Railway]]’, 10 miles(16km), opened 1894, constructed by Mysore Durbar joining the [[Kolar Gold Fields]] to [[Bowringpet]], where it connected with the ‘South-West Main Line’. Worked by MR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System
* ‘[[Tenali-Repalle Railway]]’, 21 miles(34km), opened 2016, constructed by M&MSR on behalf of Guntur District Board. Worked as part of the M&SMR System . Also described as the ‘[[Guntur-Repalle Railway]]’
==M&SMR Metre Gauge Division ==
In 1937 <ref name=Hist1937/> the total line length of the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]])-
<br> ‘M&SMR System’ MG including all worked lines was 2087 miles(3359km):-
* ‘Main Line’, 514 miles(827km), opened 1884-90 by ‘SMR’ from Frontier ,where it connected to the ‘[[West of India Portuguese Railway]]’, to Bezweda. The ‘’Cumbum-Tadepalli Section’, 122 miles(196km) first opened 1881 as a broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line by the ‘MR’ , handed over to the ‘SMR’ and converted to metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) in 1887
** ‘Harihar Branch’, 81 miles(130km), opened 1886 by SMR from Hubli to Harihar
** ‘ Bijapur Branch’, 173 miles(278km), opened 1884 by SMR from Gadag to Hotgi, extended 1927 by M&SMR to Sholapur giving total 182 miles(293km)
** ‘Poona Branch’, 227 miles(365km), opened 1886-90 by SMR from Londra to Poona
** ‘Guntakal-Mysore Frontier Branch, 120 miles(193km), opened 1893-1902 by SMR from Guntakal via Hindapur to Mysore Frontier where it connected to the ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ worked by
** ‘Bellary-Rayadrug Branch’, 33 miles(53km), opened 1905 by SMR from Bellary to Rayadrug
** ‘Hospet-Kottur Branch’, 56 miles(90km), opened 1905-10 by SMR completed by M&SMR from Hospet via Kottur to Kanivihalli, extended 1928 by M&SMR to Swamihalli giving a total of 68 miles(109km)
** ‘Katpadi-Dharmavaram Branch’, 180 miles(290km), opened 1891-92 by SMR from Katpadi to Dharmavaram
** ‘Pakala-Gudar Branch’, 84 miles(135km), opened 1887-91 by SMR from Pakala to Gudar
** ‘Gudivada-Bhimavaram Branch’, 41 miles(68km), opened 1928 by M&SMR from Gudivada to Bhimavaram
** ‘Guntur-Macheria Branch, 80 miles(129km), opened 1930 by M&SMR from Guntur to Macheria
* ‘[[Alnavar-Dandeli Railway|Alnavar-Dandeli Railway]]’, 19 miles(31km), opened 1919 by M&SMR on behalf of Government Forest Department, from Alnavar to Dandeli <ref>ibid page 131 pdf 166</ref>
* ‘[[Bangalore Harihar Railway]]‘, 210 miles(338km), opened 1884-89 by SMR from Bangalore to Harihar. Originally part of the ‘M&SMR Mysore Section’ until 1919 when the Mysore to Bangalore section was ‘made over to the Mysore Durbar and named the ‘[[Mysore-Bangalore Railway]]’ <ref>ibid page 132 pdf 167</ref>
* ‘[[Bezwada-Masulipatam Railway]]’, 52 miles(84km), opened 1908-09 from Bezwada to Masulipatam . Owned by [[Kistna District Board]], a feeder line; worked as part of the M&SMR System<ref>ibid page 134 pdf 169</ref>
* ‘[[Hindupur-Yesvantpur Railway]]’, 51 miles(82km), opened 1893 from Yesvantpur to Mysore Frontier. Also known as ‘[[Hindupur (Yesvantpur-Mysore Frontier) Railway]]’ and originally named the ‘[[Bangalore Hindupur Railway]]’ . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 135 pdf 170</ref> and from 1938 reverte’d to the ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’
* ‘[[Kolhapur State Railway]]’, 29 miles(47km), opened 1891 from Kolhapur to Miraj . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 136 pdf 171</ref>
* ‘[[Sangli State Railway]]’, 5 miles(8km), opened 1907 from Miraj Junction to Sangli. Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 138 pdf 173</ref>
* ‘[[West of India Portuguese Railway]]’, 51 miles(82km) opened 1887-88 from Mormugao Harbour to the Portugese Frontier, where it connected to the ‘M&SMR Main Line’(''see above'') . Worked by SMR from 1902 then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 139 pdf 174</ref>
==Railways previously worked by ‘Madras Railway’ ==
* ‘[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]]’ metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]), opened in 1860-62 by the [[‘Madras Railway]]’ and extended 1901-04 as the ‘[[Calicut-Azikhal Railway]]’and reached Mangalore in 1907 as the ‘[[Azikhal-Mangalore Railway]]’. The total length of the line was 417 miles(617km) and with the following two branches 446 miles(717km) , all transferred to ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’ (SIR) on formation of the M&SMR in 1907:-
** ‘[[Palghat Branch Line]]’, opened 1868 from Palakkad Junction(Olavakode)
** ‘[[Mettupalaiyam Branch Line]]’, opened 1873 from Podanur
* ‘[[Morappur-Dharmapuri-Hosur Railway]]’, 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]), opened 1906 as a famine protection line , worked by MR then made over to the ‘[[South Indian Railway]]’ (SIR) on formation of the M&SMR in 1907
==Railways worked by M&SMR then later reallocated ==
* ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) , leased and worked by SMR; from 1908 by M&SMR. Then reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’ in 1919 comprising:-
** ‘[[Mysore-Bangalore Railway]]’, constructed by Mysore State, opened 1881, leased and worked by SMR,; from 1908 by M&SMR until 1919
** ‘[[Mysore-Nanjangud Railway]]’, opened 1891, leased and worked by SMR, from 1908 by M&SMR until 1919
** ‘[[Birur-Shimoga Railway]]’, opened 1899. Worked by M&SMR until 1919
* ‘[[Hindupur-Yesvantpur Railway]]’, opened 1893,originally named the ‘[[Bangalore Hindupur Railway]]’ . Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System <ref>ibid page 135 pdf 170</ref>. Ffrom 1938 reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’
* ‘[[Bangalore Harihar Railway]]‘, opened 1884-89. Worked by SMR then from 1908 as part of the M&SMR System . From 1938 reverted to ‘[[Mysore State Railway]]’
==M&SMR Collieries and Coal Supplies==
==M&SMR Riles Regiment==
See seperate page '''[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Rifles]]'''
==Records==
