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[[File:Curzon Bridge, Allhahabad, 1905 (Scientific American).png|thumb|''' Curzon Bridge, Allahabad'''
<br>Illustration from [https://ia600803.us.archive.org/11/items/scientific-american-1908-09-26/scientific-american-v99-n13-1908-09-26.pdf Archive.org  Scientific American Vol 99, Number 13, September 1908 “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge", page 204, pdf page 4 of 16] ]]
'''Curzon Bridge, Allahabad'''
'''Curzon Bridge, Allahabad'''
<br>The Curzon Bridge over the river Ganges formed part of the  [[Allahabad-Fyzabad Railway]]. The bridge opened to rail traffic on 15 Jun in 1905, operated by the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]], and providing a direct link from [[Allahabad]] to [[Lucknow]] and the hill stations beyond .  The roadway opened for cart-traffic on 20 Dec 1905 <ref name=ICE>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1908.17544 Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908, page 38]; Retrieved  3 May 2018</ref>.


The Curzon Bridge over the river Ganges and the [[Allahabad-Fyzabad Railway]] opened in 1905, operated by the [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]], and providing a direct link from Allahbad to Lucknow and the hill stations beyond <ref name=ICE>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1908.17544 Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908]; Retrieved 16 Jul 2016</ref>.
The bridge was named after the Viceroy of that time Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India 1899-1905.
The bridge required special civil engineering techniques, first developed by [[James Richard Bell]] of the [[Public Works Department]] in the building of the [[Chenab Bridge, Shershar|Chenab Bridge at Shershar]] in the years 1888-90. The construction technique is described in the ''Scientific American'' “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge" article Sept.1908 <ref>[https://ia600803.us.archive.org/11/items/scientific-american-1908-09-26/scientific-american-v99-n13-1908-09-26.pdf Archive.org  Scientific American Vol 99, Number 13, September 1908 “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge", page 204, pdf page 4 of 16] Retrieved on 16 Jul 2016</ref>.


Construction was sanctioned in December 1901 for construction as a [[State Railways|State Railway]] and consists of fifteen spans of 200 feet(61m) with well foundations. The bridge carries a single broad gauge([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line between the girders and a roadway on top <ref name=ICE/>. The Engineer-in-Charge was [[Robert Richard Gales]].  
[[File:Curzon Bridge Fig.1.png|thumb|Curzon Bridge ‘Plan of Ganges & Jumna showing cold-weather channels' and  'Plans of river Ganges at bridge site for years 1901-02 through to 1904-05' <br>''By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’'']]
==Construction==
[[File:Curzon Bridge Fig.2.png|thumb|Curzon Bridge ‘Plan of Curzon Bridge Site' <br>''By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’'']]
[[File:Curzon Bridge Fig.3.png|thumb|Curzon Bridge ‘Elevation  of Curzon Bridge Construction’ <br>''By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’'']]
The following is based on the ''Minutes of Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers'' "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by  [[Robert Richard Gales]], 1908 and reproduced by kind permission of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London. [http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1908.17544 The first page of this article is available from the ICE website] <ref>[http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1908.17544 Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908, pages as stated]; Retrieved  3 May 2018</ref>.


The construction required special civil engineering techniques developed by [[James Richard Bell]] of the  [[Public Works Department]] and the construction technique is described in the ''Scientific American'' “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge" article Sept.1908 <ref>[https://ia600803.us.archive.org/11/items/scientific-american-1908-09-26/scientific-american-v99-n13-1908-09-26.pdf Archive.org  Scientific American Vol 99, Number 13, September 1908 “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge", page 204, pdf page 4 of 16] Retrieved on 16 Jul 2016</ref>.
'''General Description''': Construction was sanctioned in December 1901 for the bridge as part of the [[State Railways|State Railway]] and consisted of fifteen spans of 200 feet(61m) with well foundations. The bridge carried a single broad gauge ([[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|BG]]) line between the girders and a roadway on top. The Engineer-in-Charge was [[Robert Richard Gales]]; the author of the Paper delivered to the Institution of Civil Engineers, London <ref>ibid Pages 2,3</ref>.


The [[British Library]] [[India Office Records|IOR]] Photograph shelfmark 430/58 <ref>[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoShowDescs.asp?CollID=852 IOR  Photograph shelfmark 430/58 "The Curzon Bridge"]; Retrieved  16 Jul 2016</ref> carries the following description:-
'''Location and Practical Considerations:''' The ‘Curzon Bridge’ crosses the Ganges at about 5 miles(8km) from the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and about 7 miles(11km) above the junction of the Jumna with the Ganges. At this location the Ganges is confined between high clay banks, which are practically insrodible owing to the hardness of the clay and the presence of [[Kunkur|kunkur reefs]] <ref>ibid Page 3</ref>.
<blockquote>'The Curzon Bridge over the River Ganges at Allahabad. 15 spans of 200 feet. Started 8th November 1902. Opened for Railway Traffic 15th June 1905. Opened for Road Traffic 20th December 1905'. Above this in the top corner is the note: 'With R.R. Gale's compliments'. Print 1 is a portrait of Gale, the Engineer-in-Chief, and his assistants and the remaining photographs provide a chronological record of the bridge's construction from December 1902 to December 1905. A full account of the bridge's construction is given by Gale in his paper 'The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad', Paper No 3626 in the proceedings of The Institution of Civil Engineers, (Volume CLXXIV) Session 1907-1908, Part IV.</blockquote>.


''At some point in time (not determined ) the use of the bridge for rail and road traffic, was abandoned leaving it only open to two wheelers and pedestrians.''
'''River Training Bunds:''' The extensive training bunds were designed taking into account the local conditions and the earlier  bridge works at [[Chenab Bridge, Shershar| Sher Shar (1888-90)]] and [[Ferozepur Bridge| Ferozepur (1885-87)]] and the [[Koshi River Railway Bridge|Koshi]]  bridges. Construction was actually started in Jan 1902 <ref>ibid Pages 4-10</ref>.
'''Wells and Well-sinking:''' 15 double-octagonal  wells were required and well sinking commenced as soon as the water fell sufficiently construction commenced on Piers 1,2 and 3, by the month of Feb 1903 all 15 wells were being built on, and 14 had been sunk. The top 10 feet of the wells were built in cement mortar, the intermediate shaft generally in [[Kunkur|pure kunkur  lime]], the wells were built of brick except Nos. 10,11,12, 14 and the right abutments, which were built of coarse rubble stone. Technical and geological difficulties were encountered on some of the wells, notably No.  6 and one year elaspsed from the time the well masonry was finished and the well sinking was completed.  At the end of the first working-season (29 Jun 1903), a ring of stone 4 feet thick and 30feet wide was created 20 feet from the well . Well construction continued in the 1903-04 season  <ref>ibid Pages 10-26</ref>.
 
'''Pier Construction:''' Piers were founded on the tops of the wells at a depth of 2 feet below the lowest water level recorded. The piers were built of white sandstone from the Jubal quarries, with a hearting of purple sandstone from the Birohe quarries in the case of piers Nos. 8 to 14. The top of the pier was finished off by a string-course and cornice of Irzapore sone and a bed cap of Shiurajpur stone mortar <ref>ibid Pages 27-32</ref>.
 
'''Girders:''' The girders were 200 feet(61 mtr) in clear span of single triangulation ‘N’ type; the length of the bays was 25 feet 9 inches (7.85 mtr). The weight of steelwork in one span, including the roadway flooring, was 320 tons. The spans were erected with one fixed and one rolling end on each pier. Thje girders were designed by the consulting engineers to the India Office  [[Alexander Meadows Rendel| (Sir A Rendel & Co)]] and were made in England under their supervision.  <ref>ibid Page 32-33</ref>
 
'''Railway:''' The building of Pier No.2 had been delayed and not finished until 31 May 1905 and the final girders were placed by 10 June and the bridge opened for rail traffic on 15 June 1905. <ref>ibid Page 33</ref> 
'''Roadway:''' The Government of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh desired a roadway of a metalled road 15 feet(4.6 mtr) in width and two timber footpaths each 4 feet 1 inch (1.25mtr) in width. The roadway was carried from the approach banks onto the top booms by steel viaducts, designed by the author, [[Robert Richard Gales]] <ref>ibid Page 37</ref>
 
==Personnel==
The following are recorded as being responsible during the construction <ref>ibid Page 38</ref>:-
*[[Charles William Hodson]], C.S.I., M.Inst.C.E., at that time being Director of Railway Construction for the [[Government of India]]
*[[Robert Richard Gales]], the Author of this Report, Engineer-in-Charge of details and construction
*[[Charles William Hodson]], Engineer-in-Chief of the  [[Allahabad-Fyzabad Railway]]
*[[Francis Joseph Edward Spring]], C.I.E., subsequent Director of Railway Construction
*[[Ernest Ifill Shadbolt]], M.Inst.C.E. subsequent Director of Railway Construction
 
==Records==
The [[British Library]] [[India Office Records|IOR]] Photograph shelfmark 430/58 <ref>[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoShowDescs.asp?CollID=852 British Library 'India Office Records' Photograph shelfmark 430/58 "The Curzon Bridge"]; Retrieved  16 Jul 2016</ref> carries the following description:-
*'The Curzon Bridge over the River Ganges at Allahabad. 15 spans of 200 feet. Started 8th November 1902. Opened for Railway Traffic 15th June 1905. Opened for Road Traffic 20th December 1905'. Above this in the top corner is the note: 'With R.R. Gale's compliments'. Print 1 is a portrait of Gale, the Engineer-in-Chief, and his assistants and the remaining photographs provide a chronological record of the bridge's construction from December 1902 to December 1905. A full account of the bridge's construction is given by Gale in his paper 'The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad', Paper No 3626 in the proceedings of The Institution of Civil Engineers, (Volume CLXXIV) Session 1907-1908, Part IV.
 
==Later History==
At some point in time (not determined ) the use of the bridge for rail and road traffic was abandoned, leaving it only open to two wheelers and pedestrians. It is reported that the bridge was due to be demolished but is to be handed  over to the Uttar Pradesh Government for restoration as a tourist attraction <ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/railways-to-hand-over-lord-curzon-bridge-to-uttar-pradesh-government-1841418 NDTV Newsfeed 23 Feb 2018]; Retrieved  3 May 2018</ref>.


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 15:25, 6 May 2018

Curzon Bridge, Allahabad
Illustration from Archive.org Scientific American Vol 99, Number 13, September 1908 “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge", page 204, pdf page 4 of 16

Curzon Bridge, Allahabad
The Curzon Bridge over the river Ganges formed part of the Allahabad-Fyzabad Railway. The bridge opened to rail traffic on 15 Jun in 1905, operated by the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, and providing a direct link from Allahabad to Lucknow and the hill stations beyond . The roadway opened for cart-traffic on 20 Dec 1905 [1].

The bridge was named after the Viceroy of that time Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India 1899-1905.

The bridge required special civil engineering techniques, first developed by James Richard Bell of the Public Works Department in the building of the Chenab Bridge at Shershar in the years 1888-90. The construction technique is described in the Scientific American “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge" article Sept.1908 [2].

Curzon Bridge ‘Plan of Ganges & Jumna showing cold-weather channels' and 'Plans of river Ganges at bridge site for years 1901-02 through to 1904-05'
By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’

Construction

Curzon Bridge ‘Plan of Curzon Bridge Site'
By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’
Curzon Bridge ‘Elevation of Curzon Bridge Construction’
By permission ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’

The following is based on the Minutes of Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908 and reproduced by kind permission of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London. The first page of this article is available from the ICE website [3].

General Description: Construction was sanctioned in December 1901 for the bridge as part of the State Railway and consisted of fifteen spans of 200 feet(61m) with well foundations. The bridge carried a single broad gauge (BG) line between the girders and a roadway on top. The Engineer-in-Charge was Robert Richard Gales; the author of the Paper delivered to the Institution of Civil Engineers, London [4].

Location and Practical Considerations: The ‘Curzon Bridge’ crosses the Ganges at about 5 miles(8km) from the junction of the East Indian Railway and about 7 miles(11km) above the junction of the Jumna with the Ganges. At this location the Ganges is confined between high clay banks, which are practically insrodible owing to the hardness of the clay and the presence of kunkur reefs [5].

River Training Bunds: The extensive training bunds were designed taking into account the local conditions and the earlier bridge works at Sher Shar (1888-90) and Ferozepur (1885-87) and the Koshi bridges. Construction was actually started in Jan 1902 [6].

Wells and Well-sinking: 15 double-octagonal wells were required and well sinking commenced as soon as the water fell sufficiently construction commenced on Piers 1,2 and 3, by the month of Feb 1903 all 15 wells were being built on, and 14 had been sunk. The top 10 feet of the wells were built in cement mortar, the intermediate shaft generally in pure kunkur lime, the wells were built of brick except Nos. 10,11,12, 14 and the right abutments, which were built of coarse rubble stone. Technical and geological difficulties were encountered on some of the wells, notably No. 6 and one year elaspsed from the time the well masonry was finished and the well sinking was completed. At the end of the first working-season (29 Jun 1903), a ring of stone 4 feet thick and 30feet wide was created 20 feet from the well . Well construction continued in the 1903-04 season [7].

Pier Construction: Piers were founded on the tops of the wells at a depth of 2 feet below the lowest water level recorded. The piers were built of white sandstone from the Jubal quarries, with a hearting of purple sandstone from the Birohe quarries in the case of piers Nos. 8 to 14. The top of the pier was finished off by a string-course and cornice of Irzapore sone and a bed cap of Shiurajpur stone mortar [8].

Girders: The girders were 200 feet(61 mtr) in clear span of single triangulation ‘N’ type; the length of the bays was 25 feet 9 inches (7.85 mtr). The weight of steelwork in one span, including the roadway flooring, was 320 tons. The spans were erected with one fixed and one rolling end on each pier. Thje girders were designed by the consulting engineers to the India Office (Sir A Rendel & Co) and were made in England under their supervision. [9]

Railway: The building of Pier No.2 had been delayed and not finished until 31 May 1905 and the final girders were placed by 10 June and the bridge opened for rail traffic on 15 June 1905. [10]

Roadway: The Government of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh desired a roadway of a metalled road 15 feet(4.6 mtr) in width and two timber footpaths each 4 feet 1 inch (1.25mtr) in width. The roadway was carried from the approach banks onto the top booms by steel viaducts, designed by the author, Robert Richard Gales [11]

Personnel

The following are recorded as being responsible during the construction [12]:-

Records

The British Library IOR Photograph shelfmark 430/58 [13] carries the following description:-

  • 'The Curzon Bridge over the River Ganges at Allahabad. 15 spans of 200 feet. Started 8th November 1902. Opened for Railway Traffic 15th June 1905. Opened for Road Traffic 20th December 1905'. Above this in the top corner is the note: 'With R.R. Gale's compliments'. Print 1 is a portrait of Gale, the Engineer-in-Chief, and his assistants and the remaining photographs provide a chronological record of the bridge's construction from December 1902 to December 1905. A full account of the bridge's construction is given by Gale in his paper 'The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad', Paper No 3626 in the proceedings of The Institution of Civil Engineers, (Volume CLXXIV) Session 1907-1908, Part IV.

Later History

At some point in time (not determined ) the use of the bridge for rail and road traffic was abandoned, leaving it only open to two wheelers and pedestrians. It is reported that the bridge was due to be demolished but is to be handed over to the Uttar Pradesh Government for restoration as a tourist attraction [14].

References

  1. ↑ Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908, page 38; Retrieved 3 May 2018
  2. ↑ Archive.org Scientific American Vol 99, Number 13, September 1908 “The narrowing of the Ganges and construction of the Curzon Bridge", page 204, pdf page 4 of 16 Retrieved on 16 Jul 2016
  3. ↑ Institution of Civil Engineers "The Curzon Bridge at Allahabad" by Robert Richard Gales, 1908, pages as stated; Retrieved 3 May 2018
  4. ↑ ibid Pages 2,3
  5. ↑ ibid Page 3
  6. ↑ ibid Pages 4-10
  7. ↑ ibid Pages 10-26
  8. ↑ ibid Pages 27-32
  9. ↑ ibid Page 32-33
  10. ↑ ibid Page 33
  11. ↑ ibid Page 37
  12. ↑ ibid Page 38
  13. ↑ British Library 'India Office Records' Photograph shelfmark 430/58 "The Curzon Bridge"; Retrieved 16 Jul 2016
  14. ↑ NDTV Newsfeed 23 Feb 2018; Retrieved 3 May 2018
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