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Cannanore is on the [[Malabar]] (west) coast, north of [[Tellicherry]] and south of [[Mangalore]]
{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Madras (Presidency)|Madras]]
|image=
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=11.855338,75.361705&z=13&t=h&hl=en 11.855300°N 75.361615°E]   
|altitude=
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannur Kannur]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala Kerala]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport=  [[Madras Railway]], which became [[South Indian Railway]]
}}
 
'''Kannur''' is on the [[Malabar]] (west) coast, north of [[Tellicherry]] and south of [[Mangalore]].  It was the British military headquarters on the west coast until 1887.
 
The station at this town was on the  [[Madras Railway]] which became the [[South Indian Railway]] [[Rail_gauge#Broad_Gauge|broad gauge (BG)]] '[[Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline]]'
 
The cantonment was located at Burnshire (now Burnacherry).
 
== Spelling Variants ==
Modern name: Kannur<br>
Variants: Cannanore, Kananore, Kananur, Connanore, Cannonore, Canonor, Cananor, Cananoor, Canamore
<br>Modern name: Burnacherry
<br>Variants: Burnshire, Burnachery, Burnassery
== History ==
[[Image:Kannur fort chapel.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The fort chapel, now ruins.]]
'''Cannanore''' was an early Portuguese settlement, Vasco de Gama landing there in 1498 on his way home from [[Calicut]] and a factory and colony following soon afterwards.  In 1505, Francisco de Almeida (the first Portuguese Viceroy of India) founded St Angelo's Fort.  In the 1660s the Dutch took control of Cannanore, but they relinquished power in the 1770s.  In the following decade the British invaded the town when the Bibi captured 250 soldiers en route to the fight against [[Tipu Sultan]].  As the west coast headquarters Cannanore was a flourishing trade centre, third only on the west coast to [[Bombay]] and [[Karachi]], but when the HQ moved to the [[Nilgiri Hills|Nilgiris]] in 1887, its significance and prosperity waned.
 
==== Military ====
*[[Battle of Cannanore]] 1783<br />
*[[Surrender of Cannanore]] 1790
 
===== St Angelo's Fort =====
Built by the Portuguese in 1505, the triangular fort was captured by the Dutch in 1663 and held until 1771 when it was sold to the Ali Raja.  The British seized it in 1790 and the fort subsequently became a central part of British military operations on the Malabar coast.
 
The fort is in the cantonment area of Cannanore.  It is also known as Cannanore Fort.
=====Chemical Defence Research Establishment=====
Spelling variant: Defense
 
During the Second World War from 1944, Cannanore was the site of a  Chemical Defence Research Establishment CDRE carrying out research connected with mustard gas. (Previous test sites were at [[Rawalpindi]], then Devlalli or [[Deolali]] near [[Nasik]].) Connected with this project, there were also a  Royal Air Force contingent. The two field ranges where Chemical Warfare  tests were conducted were at Kumbala and Porkhal.<ref>[https://maddy06.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannanore-days.html "Cannanore Days: Burnshire - Cannanore 1944-46"] October 20, 2018 ''maddy’s ramblings''. Includes the account of Danny, RAF pilot, flight 1340 (on special Duty) about  his activities and the  Burnshire  cantonment at Cannanore.</ref>
 
== Churches and missions ==
[[Image:St Johns Cannanore.jpg|thumb|right|300px|St John's Church]]
*St John's Church - Anglican
*Holy Trinity - Catholic
*Basel German Mission
 
==Cemeteries==
''Malabar: Christian Memorials 1737-1990'', by Dr John C. Roberts and N P Chekkutty, is a book on European gravestones and church memorials in the Malabar towns of Cannanore (Kannur),  [[Tellicherry]] (Thalassery) and [[Mahe]], which has details on the Portuguese, Dutch, French and English gravestones in the region. For more details about the book, see [[Cemeteries and monumental inscriptions reading list]]. For background details, see External links, below.
 
The book covers burials at the St Johns Anglican Church, the  Holy Trinity RC Church and  the German Basel Mission cemetery  in Cannanore. The book also has details on the European regiments and native troops stationed at the Cannanore Cantonment and details on deaths in the armed forces.
 
==Schools==
*St Michael's Catholic Boys School - founded 1807
*St Theresa’s European Middle School - founded in 1867 by the Rev. Fr. Louis Mari Martelli then run then by the sisters of St. Joseph’s of the Apparition
 
== Transport ==
==== Rail ====
Cannanore was an intermediate station on the [[Calicut]] to [[Mangalore]] section of the [[Madras Railway]].
 
== External links ==
'''Wikipedia'''
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannur Kannur]
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Angelo%27s_Fort St Angelo's Fort]
'''Other'''
:*[http://www.bmarchives.org/ Basel Mission Picture Archive]. Search for old photos of Cannanore taken by the Basel Mission Church
:*[http://malabardays.blogspot.com/search/label/Cannanore Malabar Days blog] Interesting posts about Cannanore churches, cemeteries and fort
:*[http://chespeak.blogspot.in/2013/08/in-search-of-european-graves-in-malabar_16.html In Search of European Graves in Malabar] by Chekkutty N.P August 16, 2013 'Chespeak' website.
 
===Historical books online===
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=-4xDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 ''‪Report on the Medical Topography and Statistics, of the Provinces of Malabar and Canara‬: ‪Compiled from the Records of the Medical Board Office'']‬ 1844 Google Books. Includes Cannanore, [[Tellicherry]], [[Calicut]] and [[Mangalore]]
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mDUQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=Cannanore=rbgZSfC5AY6KswOqgtXGAQ#PPA183,M1 Cannanore] Gazetteer 1857 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=rBNPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA39 Cannanore] page 39, ''The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal Volume 68 1847''.  Google Books. The cantonment was classified as one of the "Stations on the sea coast"
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/424/mode/2up Cannanore] page  425 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/adescriptioncoa00barbgoog#page/n177/mode/2up  "Cananor"] page 150 ''A description of the coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the beginning of the sixteenth century by Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese. Translated from an early Spanish manuscript in the Barcelona library''; with notes and a preface by Henry E. J. Stanley.  1866 Archive.org
 
==References==
<references/>
 
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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Madras Presidency]]

Latest revision as of 03:52, 1 February 2019

Cannanore
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Presidency: Madras
Coordinates: 11.855300°N 75.361615°E
Altitude:
Present Day Details
Place Name: Kannur
State/Province: Kerala
Country: India
Transport links
Madras Railway, which became South Indian Railway

Kannur is on the Malabar (west) coast, north of Tellicherry and south of Mangalore. It was the British military headquarters on the west coast until 1887.

The station at this town was on the Madras Railway which became the South Indian Railway broad gauge (BG) 'Jalarpet-Mangalore Mainline'

The cantonment was located at Burnshire (now Burnacherry).

Spelling Variants

Modern name: Kannur
Variants: Cannanore, Kananore, Kananur, Connanore, Cannonore, Canonor, Cananor, Cananoor, Canamore
Modern name: Burnacherry
Variants: Burnshire, Burnachery, Burnassery

History

The fort chapel, now ruins.

Cannanore was an early Portuguese settlement, Vasco de Gama landing there in 1498 on his way home from Calicut and a factory and colony following soon afterwards. In 1505, Francisco de Almeida (the first Portuguese Viceroy of India) founded St Angelo's Fort. In the 1660s the Dutch took control of Cannanore, but they relinquished power in the 1770s. In the following decade the British invaded the town when the Bibi captured 250 soldiers en route to the fight against Tipu Sultan. As the west coast headquarters Cannanore was a flourishing trade centre, third only on the west coast to Bombay and Karachi, but when the HQ moved to the Nilgiris in 1887, its significance and prosperity waned.

Military

St Angelo's Fort

Built by the Portuguese in 1505, the triangular fort was captured by the Dutch in 1663 and held until 1771 when it was sold to the Ali Raja. The British seized it in 1790 and the fort subsequently became a central part of British military operations on the Malabar coast.

The fort is in the cantonment area of Cannanore. It is also known as Cannanore Fort.

Chemical Defence Research Establishment

Spelling variant: Defense

During the Second World War from 1944, Cannanore was the site of a Chemical Defence Research Establishment CDRE carrying out research connected with mustard gas. (Previous test sites were at Rawalpindi, then Devlalli or Deolali near Nasik.) Connected with this project, there were also a Royal Air Force contingent. The two field ranges where Chemical Warfare tests were conducted were at Kumbala and Porkhal.[1]

Churches and missions

St John's Church
  • St John's Church - Anglican
  • Holy Trinity - Catholic
  • Basel German Mission

Cemeteries

Malabar: Christian Memorials 1737-1990, by Dr John C. Roberts and N P Chekkutty, is a book on European gravestones and church memorials in the Malabar towns of Cannanore (Kannur), Tellicherry (Thalassery) and Mahe, which has details on the Portuguese, Dutch, French and English gravestones in the region. For more details about the book, see Cemeteries and monumental inscriptions reading list. For background details, see External links, below.

The book covers burials at the St Johns Anglican Church, the Holy Trinity RC Church and the German Basel Mission cemetery in Cannanore. The book also has details on the European regiments and native troops stationed at the Cannanore Cantonment and details on deaths in the armed forces.

Schools

  • St Michael's Catholic Boys School - founded 1807
  • St Theresa’s European Middle School - founded in 1867 by the Rev. Fr. Louis Mari Martelli then run then by the sisters of St. Joseph’s of the Apparition

Transport

Rail

Cannanore was an intermediate station on the Calicut to Mangalore section of the Madras Railway.

External links

Wikipedia

Other

Historical books online

References

  1. ↑ "Cannanore Days: Burnshire - Cannanore 1944-46" October 20, 2018 maddy’s ramblings. Includes the account of Danny, RAF pilot, flight 1340 (on special Duty) about his activities and the Burnshire cantonment at Cannanore.

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