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{{Battles_Infobox | {{Battles_Infobox | ||
|partof=[[:Category: | |partof=[[:Category:North West Frontier Campaigns |North West Frontier Campaigns ]] | ||
|date=10 June 1897-April 1898 | |date=10 June 1897-April 1898 | ||
|location= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirah Tirah, NWF] | |location= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirah Tirah, NWF] | ||
| Line 12: | Line 11: | ||
|commander1=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lockhart_(Indian_Army_officer) Lt Gen Sir William Lockhart] | |commander1=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lockhart_(Indian_Army_officer) Lt Gen Sir William Lockhart] | ||
|commander2= | |commander2= | ||
|strength1= | |strength1=British Officers 1,010<br>British Troops 10,882<br>Indian Troops 22,614<br>Total 34,506<br>Non-combatants 19,934 | ||
|strength2=40-50,000 | |strength2=40-50,000 | ||
|casualties1= | |casualties1= | ||
|casualties2= | |casualties2= | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Tirah Campaign''' took place in 1897-98. | |||
== Campaign Actions == | == Campaign Actions == | ||
[[Battle of Samana Ridge]] Aug-Sept 1897<br>[[Battle of Dargai Heights]] Oct 1897 | [[Battle of Samana Ridge]] Aug-Sept 1897<br>[[Battle of Dargai Heights]] Oct 1897 | ||
==Tirah Field Force== | ==Tirah Field Force== | ||
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> | |||
FIRST DIVISION | FIRST DIVISION | ||
'''First Brigade'''<br>''Col I.S.M.Hamilton CB DSO''<br>''Succeeded by Brig Gen R.Hart VC CB'' | ''Commander: [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101026898/ Brig-Gen William Penn Symons]''<br> | ||
'''First Brigade'''<br>''Col I.S.M.Hamilton CB DSO''<br>''Succeeded by Brig Gen R.Hart VC CB'' | |||
*2nd Batt [[95th Regiment of Foot|Derbyshire Regt]] | |||
*1st Batt [[11th Regiment of Foot|Devonshire Regt]] | |||
*[[30th Regiment of Punjab Infantry|30th (Punjab) Bengal Native Infantry]] | |||
*2nd Batt [[1st Gurkha Rifles]] | |||
*No 6 British Field Hospital | |||
*No 34 Native Hospital<br> | |||
'''Second Brigade'''<br>''Brig Gen A.Gaselee CB'' | '''Second Brigade'''<br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Gaselee '' Commander: Brig Gen A.Gaselee CB''] | ||
*2nd Batt [[19th Regiment of Foot| Yorkshire Regt]] | |||
*1st Batt [[2nd Regiment of Foot|Royal West Surrey Regt]] | |||
*[[3rd Regiment of Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force|3rd Sikhs]] | |||
*2nd Batt [[4th Gurkha Rifles]] | |||
*Two sections No 8 British Field Hospital | |||
*Two sections No 14 British Field Hospital | |||
*No 51 Native Hospital<br> | |||
'''Divisional Troops''' | '''Divisional Troops''' | ||
*Two Squadrons [[18th Bengal Lancers]] | |||
*No 1 Mountain Battery [[Royal Artillery]] | |||
*[[Kohat Mountain Battery|No 1 (Kohat) Mountain Battery]] | |||
*[[Dejarat Mountain Battery|No 2 (Dejarat) Mountain Battery]] | |||
*Two Coys [[The Corps of Bengal Sappers and Miners|Bengal Sappers & Miners]] | |||
*One Printing Section [[The Corps of Bengal Sappers and Miners|Bengal Sappers & Miners]] | |||
*[[28th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry]] | |||
*Nabha Regt Imperial Service Infantry | |||
*Mala Kotla Imperial Service Sappers | |||
*One Section No 13 British Field Hospital | |||
*No 63 Native Field Hospital<br> | |||
SECOND DIVISION | SECOND DIVISION | ||
'''Third Brigade'''<br>''Brig Gen F.J.Kempster DSO'' | ''Commander: Maj-Gen A G Yeatman-Biggs''<br> | ||
'''Third Brigade'''<br>''Brig Gen F.J.Kempster DSO'' | |||
*1st Batt [[Gordon Highlanders]] | |||
*1st Batt [[39th Regiment of Foot|Dorsetshire Regt]] | |||
*[[15th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|15th Sikhs]] | |||
*1st Batt [[2nd (Prince of Wales's Own) Gurkha Rifles|2nd Gurkhas]]<br> | |||
'''Fourth Brigade'''<br>''Brig Gen R.Westmacott CB DSO'' | |||
*2nd Batt [[25th Regiment of Foot|King's Own Scottish Borderers]] | |||
*1st Batt [[48th Regiment of Foot|Northamptonshire Regt]] | |||
*[[36th Regiment of Sikh Infantry|36th Sikhs]] | |||
*1st Batt [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]]<br> | |||
'''Divisional Troops''' | |||
*Two Squadrons [[18th Bengal Lancers]] | |||
*No 8 Mountain Battery [[Royal Artillery]] | |||
*No 9 Mountain Battery [[Royal Artillery]] | |||
*[[25th Quetta Mountain Battery|No 5 (Bombay) Mountain Battery]] | |||
* Machinegun Detachment [[16th Lancers]] | |||
*No 4 Coy [[Madras Sappers and Miners]] | |||
*One Printing Section [[Madras Sappers and Miners]] | |||
*[[21st Madras Infantry (Pioneers)]] | |||
*Jhind Regt Imperial Service Infantry | |||
*Sirmur Imperial Service Sappers | |||
*One Section British Field Hospital | |||
*One Native Field Hospital<br> | |||
</div> | |||
''' | == Recommended Reading == | ||
''Campaigns of the North-West Frontier'' by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO 1916 <br>Reprinted by The Naval & Military Press Ltd 2005 <br>ISBN 1-845741-87-0 | |||
<br> The 1912 edition is available online, refer below. | |||
== External | == External links == | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-West_Frontier_(military_history)#1878-1898 | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-West_Frontier_(military_history)#1878-1898 North West Frontier Military History] Wikipedia<br> | ||
*[http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/nwfrontc.htm NWF Expeditions] www.antiquesatoz.com<br> | |||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirah_Campaign Tirah Campaign] Wikipedia<br> | |||
*[http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Sussex/EastbourneSussexRegimentMemorial.html#BlackMountain Tirah Campaign] description on roll-of-honour.com <br> | |||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Lachlan_Stewart_MacLean Lieut MacLean VC] Wikipedia<br> | |||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bellew_Adams Lt-Col Robert Adams VC] Wikipedia<br> | |||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscount,_Alexander_Edward_Murray_Fincastle Lieut Alexander Murray VC] Wikipedia<br> | |||
*[http://www.devonheritage.org/Nonplace/DevonReg/TheDevonshireRegimentandtheTirahCampaign.htm The Devonshire Regiment and the Tirah Campaign] from Devon heritage<br> | |||
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/pathan-revolt-1897.htm Pathan Revolt – 1897] Globalsecurity.org<br> | |||
*[http://www.tribalanalysiscenter.com/PDF-TAC/The%201897%20Revolt%20and%20Tirah%20Valley%20Operations.pdf "The 1897 Revolt and Tirah Valley Operations from the Pashtun Perspective"] by Robert A Johnson November 2009 Tribal Analysis Center <br> | |||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213546/http://www.asc-centralasia.edu.pk/Issue_64/06_Khyber_during_the_Frontier.html "Khyber during the Frontier Uprising of 1897: Lessons to Learn from the British Policy in the Tribal Areas"] by Dr Javed Iqbal '' Central Asia Journal'' No. 64 [c 2009?] University of Peshawar, now archived.<br> | |||
*[http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/reg_in_india/india34_1.html The Tirah Campaign: Recollections of Surgeon Captain A.E. Masters] Queensroyalsurreys.org<br> | |||
*[http://www.kingscollections.org/servingsoldier/collection/tirah-photographic-journalism-part-1 Tirah: Photographic Journalism (Part 1)]. The first part of a photograph album published by Black and White Publishing in 1899. “...includes photography of war fighting, camps, mountain terrain, war dead, the [[75th Regiment of Foot| Gordon Highlanders]] in action, wounded soldiers and gun batteries” King’s College London Collections. This book is also available at the [[National Army Museum]], London titled "Black and white war albums : No. 3 : the Tirah campaign", catalogue No: 22336. Photographs by Rene Bull. | |||
*[http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/19952/lot/304 Photographs: The Tirah Campaign] bonhams.com Click on the small picture to enlarge. | |||
== | ==== Historical books online ==== | ||
Campaigns of the North-West Frontier by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO | *[http://www.archive.org/details/pathanrevoltinno00millrich ''The Pathan Revolt in North-West India''] by H. Woosnam Mills 1897 Archive.org<br> | ||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924028659575#page/n9/mode/2up ''The Campaign in Tirah 1897-98: An Account of the Expedition Against the Orakzais and Afridis under General Sir William Lockhart, GCB, KCSI''] by Col H D Hutchinson 1898 Archive.org <br> | |||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianfrontierwa00jameiala#page/n7/mode/2up ''The Indian Frontier War being an account of the Mohmund and Tirah expeditions, 1897''] by Lionel James 1898 Archive.org<br> | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/lockhartsadvance00shad/page/n9/mode/2up ''Lockhart's advance through Tirah''] by Leonard Julius Shadwell 1898 Archive.org | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284808 ''With The Peshawar Column, Tirah Expeditionary Force''] by Richard Gillham Thomsett, RAMC 1899 Archive.org | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/2ndbnderbyshirereg-tirah/page/n9/mode/2up ''The 2nd Battalion Derbyshire Regiment in Tirah''] by Captain A K Slessor 1900 Archive.org. ''The Derbyshire Campaign Series No. 5''. | |||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/lieutenantcolone00yate#page/n7/mode/2up ''Lieutenant-Colonel John Haughton, commandant of the 36th Sikhs:a hero of Tirah. A memoir''] by Major A.C. Yate 1900 Archive.org<br> | |||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/northwestfrontie00calcuoft#page/232/mode/2up Tirah] ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'' 1908 Archive.org<br> | |||
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015017670491?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 ''Tirah, 1897''] by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series ''Campaigns and their Lessons''. Also available [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284632/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org], mirror from Digital Library of India. | |||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/campaignsonnorth00nevi#page/n5/mode/2up ''Campaigns on the North-West Frontier''] by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO 1912 Archive.org | |||
*Tirah Campaign. [https://archive.org/details/khakigownautobio0000bird/page/76 Pages 77-89] ''Khaki and Gown : an Autobiography'' by Field-Marshal Lord Birdwood 1941. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. | |||
*A short comment about the Tirah Campaign: [http://www.archive.org/stream/undertenviceroys00woodiala#page/108/mode/2up Page 108] ''Under Ten Viceroys: the Reminiscences of a Gurkha'' by Major-General Nigel Woodyatt 1922 Archive.org | |||
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportarmymedic03unkngoog#page/n472/mode/1up "Report on the Surgical History of the Tirah Expeditionary Force 1897-98"] by Lieutenant-Colonel HR Whitehead FRCS Eng, Royal Army Medical Corps, page 457 ''Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1897 Volume 39'' 1898 Archive.org. Includes comments on the "different kinds of rifles and guns used by the enemy and the peculiar wounds caused by each variety" | |||
*[http://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b18510097#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=9&z=-0.2057%2C-0.0352%2C1.4116%2C0.8867 Typescript diary formed of extracts from letters by Surgeon Captain Alfred E. Master, Army Medical Service], re campaigning with the [[2nd Regiment of Foot|Queens Regiment]] against the Afridi tribes on the North-West Frontier of India (The Tirah Campaign). Wellcome Library Digital Collection, catalogue reference RAMC/185. | |||
*Fiction: [http://archive.org/stream/throughthreecamp00hent#page/n7/mode/2up ''Through Three Campaigns: a Story of Chitral, Tirah, and Ashanti''] by G. A. Henty , illustrated by Wal Paget. c 1904 Archive.org. An adventure story for younger readers. | |||
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[[Category:North West Frontier Campaigns|Tirah Campaign 1897-98]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:33, 29 June 2023
| Tirah Campaign | ||
|---|---|---|
| Part of North West Frontier Campaigns | ||
| Date: | 10 June 1897-April 1898 | |
| Location: | Tirah, NWF | |
| Presidency: | Bengal | |
| Co-ordinates: | 33.798237°N 70.135386°E | |
| Result: | Submission of tribes | |
| Combatants | ||
| British & Indians | Afridi & Orakzai tribesmen | |
| Commanders | ||
| Lt Gen Sir William Lockhart | ||
| Strength | ||
| British Officers 1,010 British Troops 10,882 Indian Troops 22,614 Total 34,506 Non-combatants 19,934 |
40-50,000 | |
| Casualties | ||
The Tirah Campaign took place in 1897-98.
Campaign Actions
Battle of Samana Ridge Aug-Sept 1897
Battle of Dargai Heights Oct 1897
Tirah Field Force
FIRST DIVISION
Commander: Brig-Gen William Penn Symons
First Brigade
Col I.S.M.Hamilton CB DSO
Succeeded by Brig Gen R.Hart VC CB
- 2nd Batt Derbyshire Regt
- 1st Batt Devonshire Regt
- 30th (Punjab) Bengal Native Infantry
- 2nd Batt 1st Gurkha Rifles
- No 6 British Field Hospital
- No 34 Native Hospital
Second Brigade
Commander: Brig Gen A.Gaselee CB
- 2nd Batt Yorkshire Regt
- 1st Batt Royal West Surrey Regt
- 3rd Sikhs
- 2nd Batt 4th Gurkha Rifles
- Two sections No 8 British Field Hospital
- Two sections No 14 British Field Hospital
- No 51 Native Hospital
Divisional Troops
- Two Squadrons 18th Bengal Lancers
- No 1 Mountain Battery Royal Artillery
- No 1 (Kohat) Mountain Battery
- No 2 (Dejarat) Mountain Battery
- Two Coys Bengal Sappers & Miners
- One Printing Section Bengal Sappers & Miners
- 28th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry
- Nabha Regt Imperial Service Infantry
- Mala Kotla Imperial Service Sappers
- One Section No 13 British Field Hospital
- No 63 Native Field Hospital
SECOND DIVISION
Commander: Maj-Gen A G Yeatman-Biggs
Third Brigade
Brig Gen F.J.Kempster DSO
- 1st Batt Gordon Highlanders
- 1st Batt Dorsetshire Regt
- 15th Sikhs
- 1st Batt 2nd Gurkhas
Fourth Brigade
Brig Gen R.Westmacott CB DSO
- 2nd Batt King's Own Scottish Borderers
- 1st Batt Northamptonshire Regt
- 36th Sikhs
- 1st Batt 3rd Gurkha Rifles
Divisional Troops
- Two Squadrons 18th Bengal Lancers
- No 8 Mountain Battery Royal Artillery
- No 9 Mountain Battery Royal Artillery
- No 5 (Bombay) Mountain Battery
- Machinegun Detachment 16th Lancers
- No 4 Coy Madras Sappers and Miners
- One Printing Section Madras Sappers and Miners
- 21st Madras Infantry (Pioneers)
- Jhind Regt Imperial Service Infantry
- Sirmur Imperial Service Sappers
- One Section British Field Hospital
- One Native Field Hospital
Recommended Reading
Campaigns of the North-West Frontier by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO 1916
Reprinted by The Naval & Military Press Ltd 2005
ISBN 1-845741-87-0
The 1912 edition is available online, refer below.
External links
- North West Frontier Military History Wikipedia
- NWF Expeditions www.antiquesatoz.com
- Tirah Campaign Wikipedia
- Tirah Campaign description on roll-of-honour.com
- Lieut MacLean VC Wikipedia
- Lt-Col Robert Adams VC Wikipedia
- Lieut Alexander Murray VC Wikipedia
- The Devonshire Regiment and the Tirah Campaign from Devon heritage
- Pathan Revolt – 1897 Globalsecurity.org
- "The 1897 Revolt and Tirah Valley Operations from the Pashtun Perspective" by Robert A Johnson November 2009 Tribal Analysis Center
- "Khyber during the Frontier Uprising of 1897: Lessons to Learn from the British Policy in the Tribal Areas" by Dr Javed Iqbal Central Asia Journal No. 64 [c 2009?] University of Peshawar, now archived.
- The Tirah Campaign: Recollections of Surgeon Captain A.E. Masters Queensroyalsurreys.org
- Tirah: Photographic Journalism (Part 1). The first part of a photograph album published by Black and White Publishing in 1899. “...includes photography of war fighting, camps, mountain terrain, war dead, the Gordon Highlanders in action, wounded soldiers and gun batteries” King’s College London Collections. This book is also available at the National Army Museum, London titled "Black and white war albums : No. 3 : the Tirah campaign", catalogue No: 22336. Photographs by Rene Bull.
- Photographs: The Tirah Campaign bonhams.com Click on the small picture to enlarge.
Historical books online
- The Pathan Revolt in North-West India by H. Woosnam Mills 1897 Archive.org
- The Campaign in Tirah 1897-98: An Account of the Expedition Against the Orakzais and Afridis under General Sir William Lockhart, GCB, KCSI by Col H D Hutchinson 1898 Archive.org
- The Indian Frontier War being an account of the Mohmund and Tirah expeditions, 1897 by Lionel James 1898 Archive.org
- Lockhart's advance through Tirah by Leonard Julius Shadwell 1898 Archive.org
- With The Peshawar Column, Tirah Expeditionary Force by Richard Gillham Thomsett, RAMC 1899 Archive.org
- The 2nd Battalion Derbyshire Regiment in Tirah by Captain A K Slessor 1900 Archive.org. The Derbyshire Campaign Series No. 5.
- Lieutenant-Colonel John Haughton, commandant of the 36th Sikhs:a hero of Tirah. A memoir by Major A.C. Yate 1900 Archive.org
- Tirah Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 Archive.org
- Tirah, 1897 by Colonel C E Callwell 1911 HathiTrust Digital Library. A book in the series Campaigns and their Lessons. Also available Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
- Campaigns on the North-West Frontier by Capt H.L.Nevill DSO 1912 Archive.org
- Tirah Campaign. Pages 77-89 Khaki and Gown : an Autobiography by Field-Marshal Lord Birdwood 1941. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
- A short comment about the Tirah Campaign: Page 108 Under Ten Viceroys: the Reminiscences of a Gurkha by Major-General Nigel Woodyatt 1922 Archive.org
- "Report on the Surgical History of the Tirah Expeditionary Force 1897-98" by Lieutenant-Colonel HR Whitehead FRCS Eng, Royal Army Medical Corps, page 457 Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1897 Volume 39 1898 Archive.org. Includes comments on the "different kinds of rifles and guns used by the enemy and the peculiar wounds caused by each variety"
- Typescript diary formed of extracts from letters by Surgeon Captain Alfred E. Master, Army Medical Service, re campaigning with the Queens Regiment against the Afridi tribes on the North-West Frontier of India (The Tirah Campaign). Wellcome Library Digital Collection, catalogue reference RAMC/185.
- Fiction: Through Three Campaigns: a Story of Chitral, Tirah, and Ashanti by G. A. Henty , illustrated by Wal Paget. c 1904 Archive.org. An adventure story for younger readers.