Calcutta

Calcutta
Presidency: Bengal
Coordinates:	22.572625°N, 88.363893°E
Altitude:	9 m (30 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name:	Kolkata
State/Province:	West Bengal
Country:	India
Transport links
East Indian Railway (Howrah) Bengal-Nagpur Railway Calcutta and South Eastern Railway (Sealdah) Eastern Bengal Railway (Sealdah) Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway Arrah-Sasaram Light Railway Barasat-Basirhat Light Railway Futwah-Islampur Light Railway Howrah-Amta Light Railway Howrah-Sheakhalla Light Railway

Calcutta (present day Kolkata) is a large city in north-east India. Calcutta was the headquarters of the Government of the Bengal Presidency. It was also the capital of British India until Delhi became the capital on 12th December 1911. The city had a large European mercantile community.

History

Battle of Calcutta 1757
3rd Carnatic War

Spelling Variants

Modern name: Kolkata
Variants: Calcutta

Location

Calcutta is now known as Kolkata in modern day India and is situated at 22°33′N, 88°20′E in the Ganges Delta.

Places of interest

The Maidan

The site of Fort William, the Maidan was (and still is) the centre of Calcutta. It was bounded on the west side by the Hooghly River and the Strand Road, and on the east side by Chowringhi Road. Government House, the Governor's residence, was at the north end of the Maidan and Belvedere, the residence of the Lieutenent-Governor of Bengal, was near the southern end.

Eden Gardens

The Eden Gardens were started by Lord Aukland's sisters and are beautifully laid out. They were the main gathering place of Calcutta Society in the time of the British Raj. They are also the home of India's oldest cricket ground, the Calcutta Cricket Club, and have a lake which was the home of the Rowing Club. Beside the lake is a Burmese Pagoda brought from Prome and set up in 1856. There were many statues in the Gardens.

Churches and missions

Anglican

• St James Church - see FIBIS Journal 5, The Man Who Built St James Calcutta
• St John's Cathedral Church - consecrated 1787
• St Paul's Cathedral - completed in 1847
• St Peter's Church, Fort William - built 1828
• 'Old' Mission Church - see article in FIBIS Journal 7, includes a list of graves
• St Stephen's, Kidderpore

Roman Catholic

• RC Cathedral (Virgin Mary of the Rosary) - built 1797
• St Patrick's Chapel, Fort William - built 1857
• St Theresa - built 1893
• St Thomas' Church - begun in 1841, adjacent to the Convent of Our Lady of Loreto

Other denominations

• St Andrew's Church of Scotland - opened 1818
• Greek Church - established 1780
• Holy Church of Nazareth (Armenian) - built in 1724. Dr. Reuben Khachaturyan/Liz Chater have transcribed all the baptisms at this church. They can be viewed on the FIBIS database. Liz also has many photos of graves at the Nazereth Church on her website.

Missions

• Church Mission Society
• Free Church of Scotland - started in 1830
• London Missionary Society
• Oxford Mission - Church of England
• Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Anglican)

Non-Christian places of worship

As well as the temples and mosques that served the general Indian populace, Calcutta also housed:

• Parsi temple
• Synagogue
• Chinese temple

Cemeteries

See Cemeteries in Calcutta.

Education

The Educational Establishments of Calcutta Past and Present. Article in the Calcutta Review Volume 13, January-June 1850, page 442 Google Books
Colleges

• Bengal School of Art
• Bishop's College, Circular Road - run by the Oxford Mission
• Calcutta Medical College - formerly Bengal Medical College, founded 1835
• Doveton College
• Presidency College

Schools

• La Martiniere School - established 1836
• St James' School - founded by Bishop Cotton in 1864
• St Lawrence High School
• St Thomas School, Kidderpore - founded 1789
• St. Xavier's Collegiate School - founded by the Jesuits in 1860

Economy and business

• Calcutta Businesses in 1933

External Links

Encyclopedia entries

• Kolkata Wikipedia
• History of Kolkata Wikipedia
• Maidan (Kolkata) Wikipedia
• Calcutta 1911 LovetoKnow

Maps

• Calcutta Maps 1756,1839,1847,1883 Columbia University
• Calcutta Map 1842 David Rumsey Collection
• Kolkata, Google Maps Map with many buildings marked

Guides and directories

See the Directories reading list for links to many directories with information on Calcutta.

• Thacker's Guide to Calcutta (1906) by Rev W.K. Firminger a noted historian. This book gives the historical background of Calcutta, area by area. A free download is available from archive.org

Other

• Calcutta in the Olden Times-Its Localities Article in Calcutta Review Vol 18, July-Dec 1852, p 275 (Google Books)

• Calcutta in the Olden Times-Its People Article in Calcutta Review Vol 35, Sept-Dec 1860, p 164 (Google Books)

• Catholic Institutions in Calcutta c 1881 from Indian Gods, Sages, and Cities by C Cesary Limited View Google Books 1987 page 172 reprint of original published 1881

• Calcutta 1940's Oral history site

• Photos taken by G.I.s in Calcutta 1947