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'''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly a garrison town of the [[British Army]]. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).
'''Poona''' is a city about 100km south-east of [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the [[British Army]]. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).


Pune is the  west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range).  It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. It is now the sixth largest city in India with the largest student population.
Pune is the  west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range).  It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population.


Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].
Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] met the broad gauge of the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]].


== History ==
== History ==
Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire.  
Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.


The Battle of Poona October 1802 lead to the Second Anglo-Maratha War between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.
A battle for Poona in October 1802 between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War.


After  the Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then Kirkee) between the British and  the Marathas on 5 November 1817 near Pune (in the Third Anglo-Maratha War) the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency, and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army). The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency.
The British involvement in Poona began after the 1802 Treaty of Bassein - when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the English to station a small military force in the town.


Under the British, the railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.
After the Peshwas were defeated at the [[Battle of Poona]] on 5 November 1817 (AKA: Battle of Kirkee -now Khadki) between the British and the Marathas near Poona (in the Third Anglo-Maratha War) the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army).  


The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.


 
The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency, and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners). 
[[Battle of Poona]] 1817


== Spelling Variants ==
== Spelling Variants ==
Line 33: Line 33:
Variants: Poona<br>
Variants: Poona<br>
[[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]
[[Image:Western India Club Poona.jpg|300px|thumb|Western India Club, Poona]]
==English Quarters==
*The Civil Lines
*Along the road heading to the Kirkee Cantonment
== Clubs==
*Western India Club - English members
*Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members
*Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members
==Education==
==Education==
'''Further Education'''
'''Further Education'''
Line 42: Line 52:
The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.
The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.


Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society  est 1884, and were responsible for founding Ferguson College in 1885.
Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society  est 1884, and were responsible for founding Fergusson College, a law school, in 1885.


'''Schools'''
'''Schools'''
Line 55: Line 65:
In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:
In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:


*Bishops High School, est1864,
*The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp
*St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,
*The Convent High School for Girls est 1860
*Bishops High School, est1864
*The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864
*Free Church Mission Institute est 1866
*Free Church Mission Institute est 1866
*Poona Native Institution est 1866
*Poona Native Institution est 1866
*The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864
*St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,
*St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867
*St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873
*The Victoria Girls High School est 1876
*The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth
*The Conference Middle Class School est 1879
*The Conference Middle Class School est 1879
*The Mission Orphanage and  Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879
*The Mission Orphanage and  Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879
*The Victoria Girls High School est 1876
*The New English School est 1880
*St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867
*The Convent High School for Girls est 1860
*The Scottish Girls High School est 1882
*The Scottish Girls High School est 1882
*St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873
*The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura
*The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura
*The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth
*The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School  est 1882
*The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School  est 1882
*The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp
*The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth
*The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth
*The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882
*The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882
*The New English School est 1880
 


==Hospitals==
==Hospitals==
In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital,  Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, and Leper Hospital,there were  10 dispenseries in Poona.
In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital,  Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were  10 dispenseries in Poona.


==Churches==
==Churches==
Line 89: Line 100:
*Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.
*Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.
*The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885
*The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885
*Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church
*St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893
*St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893
*Jewish Synagogue


*Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church
==Cemeteries==
 
*Sangam (near the old Residency)
*St Pauls Church
*East Street
*Kirkee close to the rifle butts
*Sholapur Road


==Newspapers==
==Newspapers==

Revision as of 22:03, 7 June 2010

Poona
Presidency: Bombay
Coordinates: 18.520469°N, 73.85662°E
Altitude: 560 m (1,837 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Pune
State/Province: Maharashtra
Country: India
Transport links
Great Indian Peninsula Railway
Southern Mahratta Railway

Poona is a city about 100km south-east of Bombay (now Mumbai), which was formerly the largest garrison town in the Deccan for the British Army. In recent times it has been famous for being the birthplace of the British comedian Spike Milligan, and the ashram of the Orange People (followers of Sri Rajneesh).

Pune is the west side of the Deccan plateau beneath the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range). It located where the Mula and Mutha rivers meet. Known then for its textiles and metal working, it is now the sixth largest city in India, with India's largest student population.

Poona was an important junction where the metre gauge Southern Mahratta Railway met the broad gauge of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.

History

Poona grew under the Moguls from 1636 as a trade route. Its importance escalated after 1750 when it became the capital of the Marathá Empire, where the Peshwas had their palace.

A battle for Poona in October 1802 between the Peshwa Bajirao II and the Holkars led to the 2nd Anglo-Maratha War.

The British involvement in Poona began after the 1802 Treaty of Bassein - when Peshwā Bjī Rao allowed the English to station a small military force in the town.

After the Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Poona on 5 November 1817 (AKA: Battle of Kirkee -now Khadki) between the British and the Marathas near Poona (in the Third Anglo-Maratha War) the city was seized. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency. The British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (still used by the Indian Army).

The railways opened up communication routes to Bombay which had been constrained by the terrain.

The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency, and was the Headquarters of British District of the Central Division (District Officers and Commissioners).

Spelling Variants

Modern name: Pune
Variants: Poona

Western India Club, Poona

English Quarters

  • The Civil Lines
  • Along the road heading to the Kirkee Cantonment

Clubs

  • Western India Club - English members
  • Deccan Club - mixed Indian and English members
  • Sanvarjanik Sabha and Deccan Sabah- Indian members

Education

Further Education

Poona Sanskrit College 1837 opened and offered a combined Sanskrit and medicine course (linked to Sansoon General Hospital) – under Superintendant: Captain Candy.

Sanskrit and Vernacular College est 1851/52, formed from the amalgamation of Poona’s English and Venacular schools, later it became the Deccan Arts College 1857, with an affiliation to Bombay University 1860.

The Engineering College was founded 1865 and was affiliated to Bombay University (its creation is contemporary with the construction of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway) Later (1880) it was known as the College for Science . It educated staff for the Public Works Department. Courses were offered in: Civil Engineering, Agriculture, Forestry, plus apprentice training.

Political activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and local citizens founded The Deccan Education Society est 1884, and were responsible for founding Fergusson College, a law school, in 1885.

Schools

Supplementing native sanskrit schools, Government Schools opened in 1826 to teach vernacular, initially under control of Mr Jervis. Numbers increased to 3 Government Schools in Poona by 1847, and 23 by 1883 (many other existed in the greater Poona district). They comprised:

  • High School 1
  • Anglo-Vernacular 2
  • Vernacular 18
  • Teacher Training schools 2 (male est: 1857, female est: 1870)

In addition there were 45 Private schools, including:

  • The Free Church Mission School for Girls est 1850 in the camp
  • The Convent High School for Girls est 1860
  • Bishops High School, est1864
  • The Pensioner's Middle Class School for boys and girls est 1864
  • Free Church Mission Institute est 1866
  • Poona Native Institution est 1866
  • St Vincent Roman Catholic High School est 1867 includes anglo-indian section,
  • St Mary’s Girls High School est 1867
  • St Anne’s Middle Class School for Girls est 1873
  • The Victoria Girls High School est 1876
  • The Free Church Mission School for Boys est 1876 in Aditvar Peth
  • The Conference Middle Class School est 1879
  • The Mission Orphanage and Christian Boys Middle Class School est 1879
  • The New English School est 1880
  • The Scottish Girls High School est 1882
  • The Zanana Mission Anglo-Vernacular School for Girls est 1882 in Sukravar Peth, Sadasiv Peth *Civil Lines and Kamathipura
  • The Mission Orphanage Panch Haud Vernacular School est 1882
  • The Free Church Mission for Girls Vernacular School est 1882 in Aditvar Peth
  • The Bene-Israel Girls Vernacular School in Rastya Peth est 1882


Hospitals

In addition to the Sansoon General Hospital, Roman Catholic Orphanage, Charitable Infirmary, St Margaret’s Hospital, St Johns Hospital, and Leper Hospital,there were 10 dispenseries in Poona.

Churches

  • St Mary’s Church est 1825 originally, mainly for the officers and soldiers of the British, along with their families
  • Christ Church opened by Scottish Missionaries 1831
  • St.Patrick's Church est 1850
  • Church of the Immaculate Conception, est 1854
  • St.Xavier's Church est 1864
  • The St.Andrew's Church est 1864, was built to cater to the British Army personnel and their families belonging to the Church of Scotland
  • All Saints Church est 1869 (Birth, Death, Marriage and Baptism registers are all available since 1869)
  • Methodist Marathi Church est 1872.
  • The Church Of The Holy Name est 1885
  • Ghorpuri Garrison Church, est 1890, now known as St.John's Telugu Church
  • St Matthew's Tamil Curch est1893
  • Jewish Synagogue

Cemeteries

  • Sangam (near the old Residency)
  • St Pauls Church
  • East Street
  • Kirkee close to the rifle butts
  • Sholapur Road

Newspapers

European newspapers were the Deccan Herald, and Poona Observer.

External links

Historical Books Online

Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Archive.org

Other

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