Royal Artillery

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Chronology

  • 1716 two companies of field artillery raised at Woolwich
  • 1720 first called Royal Artillery
  • 1748 Presidential Artilleries of Bengal, Madras and Bombay formed
  • 1793 Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) raised to provide fire support for the cavalry
  • 1862 absorbed artillery of the British East India Company (21 horse batteries & 48 field batteries) bringing its strength to 29 horse batteries, 73 field batteries and 88 heavy batteries
  • 1899 divided into Royal Horse Artillery, Royal Field Artillery and Royal Garrison Artillery
  • 1924 amalgamated again into one regiment Royal Artillery
  • Today Royal Regiment of Artillery comprised of Royal Horse Artillery (King's Troop & 3 regiments) and Royal Artillery (18 regiments)

History in India and other parts of the East Indies

The first company of the Royal Artillery to serve in India sailed in November 1747. During the 1800s the service in the East Indies was mainly in Ceylon, until the Indian Mutiny in 1857. In 1859, the companies of the Royal Artillery in India were formed into the 11th, 13th and 14th Brigades. For full details refer Historical Books on-line "The Royal Artillery in the East Indies"

In December 1861, General Orders were issued concerning the “New Artillery Amalgamation” of the Bengal, Madras and Bombay Artillery with the Royal Artillery.

“In accordance with the instructions of her Majesty's Government, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Regiments of Artillery will be formed into the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Royal Horse Brigades, and the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, and 25th brigades of Royal Artillery.
The 2nd Royal Horse Brigade will be formed of seven troops of Bengal Horse Artillery, the 3rd brigade of the four troops of Madras Horse Artillery, the 4th brigade of the four troops of Bombay Horse Artillery, and the 5th brigade of six troops of Bengal Horse Artillery.
The brigades of Royal Artillery will be formed:—16th of 5 companies of Bengal Artillery ; 17th of 6 companies of Madras Artillery; 18th of 6 companies of Bombay Artillery ; 19th of 5 companies of Bengal Artillery; 20th of 5 companies of Madras Artillery ; 21st of six companies of Bombay Artillery ; 22nd of 5 companies of Bombay Artillery; 23rd of 5 companies of Madras Artillery ; 24th of 5 companies of Bengal Artillery; 25th of 4 companies of Bengal Artillery".[1]

This link from Duncan, Volume 2, below, lists the batteries in existence in 1872. The names of the Horse Artillery Brigades have changed since 1861, and the 24th and 25th Brigades are no longer in existence.

For information for the period 1863-1911, refer Stations of Royal Artillery in India

Records

The National Archives

The most accessible soldiers’ records, including soldiers in the Royal Artillery, are the WO 97 series British Army discharge papers up until 1913 many of which are available online.

The National Archives guide British Army: Muster Rolls and Pay Lists, c1730-1898 Military Records Information 7 advises that the records for the Artillery for 1708-1878 are WO 10 ,WO 54, WO 69. From 1878, muster rolls are in WO 16 . From 1888 onwards, the series contains only company muster rolls: there are no longer any pay lists. No muster rolls were kept by the War Office after the mid 1890s.

The muster and other records at the National Archives are complex to navigate, and it is suggested that you read one of the detailed published guides. National Archives publications include

Tracing your Ancestors in The National Archives by Amanda Bevan 2006 (576 pages) which is stated by the National Archives to be the only exhaustive guide to TNA’s holdings. Available at the British Library. Also available from the FIBIS Shop through Amazon.co.uk

Army Records: A Guide for Family Historians by William Spencer 2008 published by the National Archives. It is mainly about records in the National Archives and the India Office at the British Library. It contains chapters Royal Artillery and The British Army in India and the Indian Army. Available at the British Library. Also available from the FIBIS Shop through Amazon.co.uk

Also refer to the guide produced by Firepower, The Royal Artillery Museum called "Is There A Gunner In Your Family Tree?", see below.

The catalogue entries are

British Library

India Office records

Refer British Army-India Office military records at the British Library

Books

  • The History of the Royal Artillery, Crimean period by Colonel Julian R. J. Jocelyn. 1911
  • The History of the Royal and Indian Artillery in the Mutiny of 1857 by Julian R. J. Jocelyn 1915. Available from the FIBIS Shop through Amazon.co.uk
  • The History of the Royal Artillery : from the Indian Mutiny to the Great War by Sir Charles Callwell and Sir John Headlam. 1931,1940
    • Volume 1,1860-1899, Volume 2, 1899-1914, Volume 3, Campaigns 1860-1914. Available from the FIBIS Shop through Amazon.co.uk Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3.
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery : Western Front 1914-18 by Sir Martin Farndale.1986
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery : the Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base 1914-18 by Sir Martin Farndale. 1988
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery : Between the Wars, 1919-39 edited by B. P. Hughes. 1992 (Note the catalogue entry does not contain the words ”Between the Wars, 1919-39”)
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-aircraft artillery, 1914-55 by N.W. Routledge. 1994
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The years of defeat Europe and North Africa, 1939-41 by Sir Martin Farndale 1996
  • History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. The Far East Theatre, 1941-1946 by Sir Martin Farndale 2000. Revised edition The Far East Theatre, 1939-1946 by Sir Martin Farndale. 2002

In addition to the books available through the FIBIS Shop (refer above), some of the Histories have been reprinted by, and are available from, the Naval and Military Press

  • Battery Records of the Royal Artillery compiled by M. E. S. Laws. Volume 1, 1716-1859 and Volume 2, 1859-1877 published in 1950 and 1970 . Also known as ‘Laws Tables’
  • Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution. Volume 1 (1858) -Volume 32, no. 3 (June 1905). Volume 12 is missing. The name then changed to
  • The Journal of the Royal Artillery. Vol. 32, no. 4 (July 1905). This was published monthly, 1905-July 1924; four volumes a year, Oct. 1924-1958; three volumes. a year, 1959-1961; two volumes a year 1962-.
  • General Report of the Practice in the Royal Artillery, Poona Circle (Annual Report on Royal Artillery Practice, Bombay Command) for the season of 1894-95 (1896-97-1899-1900)

Firepower, The Royal Artillery Museum

Firepower, The Royal Artillery Museum has a Library and Archives. Note that charges apply in the Reading Room.

Firepower has produced a guide for family history researchers called "Is There A Gunner In Your Family Tree?" The sixteen page guide outlines how the Museum's extensive archives can help researchers. It also details the other main UK sources and archives to explore when researching army service. Available from the Firepower Museum Shop

Royal Artillery Historical Society

The Royal Artillery Historical Society has meetings four time a year. In 2003 there was a presentation "The History of 10 Assaye Battery, Royal Artillery" which was originally part of the Bombay Artillery. This paper may be accessed through the link just given.

Regimental journals

The Gunner has been published monthly since 1919. Its aims include providing a record of regimental history, social affairs, sporting activities, equipment, dress etc

The Royal Artillery Journal is published twice annually, and offers a more in-depth, scientific look at continuing operations and lessons that can be learned from previous campaigns, as well as features on memorable moments and characters from the Gunners' 300 year history.[2] Originally published from 1858 as Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution, the name was changed in 1905. Both series of journals are available at the British Library, refer above.

References

  1. ↑ The New Artillery Amalgamation, pages 606-607 (December 1861) from Colburn’s United Service Magazine, Volume 97, 1861 Part 3 Google Books
  2. ↑ Gunner Magazine British Army website.

External Links

Royal Artillery Wikipedia
Royal Regiment of Artillery Wikipedia
British Army Artillery Victorians at War Website
Bombardier Wikipedia

Individuals

  • Photographs from Soldiers of the Queen: The Jewel in the Crown
  • Colonel James William Howard Fitzmayer , born 1813, with his wife spent nearly six years in India from 1864, first in command of the Artillery at Meerut until January 1866, then at Benares, and in command of an army division at Oude until April 1867, during which time he was promoted to the rank of Major-General. Photo-sleuth,blogspot.com


Historical Books on-line

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