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{{Locations_Infobox
{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=[[Madras (Presidency)|Madras]]
|presidency= [[Madras (Presidency)|Madras]]
|image=
|image= Madras Central Station.jpg
|coordinates=  
|caption= ''Madras Central Railway Station''
|altitude=  
|coordinates= [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=13.09,80.27&spn=0.01,0.01&t=h&q=13.09,80.27 13.09°N, 80.27°E]
|presentname=Chennai  
|altitude= 6m
|stateprovince=Tamil Nadu  
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras Chennai]
|country=India
|stateprovince=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_nadu Tamil Nadu]
|transport=
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Madras Railway]] (to 1908)<br>[[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]] (1908 on)
}}
}}
'''Madras''' (now Chennai) was the seat of the [[Madras (Presidency)|Madras Presidency]] and the location of [[Fort St George]].
{{Places of Interest|title=Madras|name=Madras |link=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004b979f3cbc978d40ad&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=14&vpsrc=1}}
 
'''Madras''' (now Chennai) was one of the early [[East India Company Factories]], the location of [[Fort St George]] and the seat of the [[Madras (Presidency)|Madras Presidency]].
[[Image:Madras map 1862.jpg|thumb|280px|Madras in 1862, with churches, missions & schools]]
[[Image:Madras1893.jpg|thumb|200px|Madras 1893 [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Madras1893.jpg Rootsweb]]]


== History ==
== History ==
[[Image:Madras1893.jpg|thumb|Madras 1893 [http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Madras1893.jpg Rootsweb]]]
*[[Loss of Fort St George]] 6-19 Sept 1746
[[Siege of Madras]] 1758
*[[Siege of Madras]] Dec 1758 - Feb 1759


== Spelling Variants ==
== Spelling variants ==
Modern name: Chennai<br>
Modern name: Chennai<br>
Variants: Madras<br>
Variants: Madras<br>
== FIBIS resources ==
*[[:Category:Madras images|Madras images]]
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=765&s_id=100 Plan of Madras and its environs] engraved by J & C Walker, London in 1854. This item is for FIBIS members only and you will need to log-in to view it.


==Cemeteries==
==Cemeteries==
See [[Madras Cemeteries]], for details of some of the Christian cemeteries in the city.
See [[Madras Cemeteries]], for details of some of the Christian cemeteries in the city.


==Orphan Schools==
==Orphan schools==
*Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum.
See the main article [[Orphan Schools in Madras]], or the following list of schools:
:*Page 59 of this Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OG8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA59 link], published 1842
 
:* The Madras Veterinary Establishment was set up in 1810 and boys from the Military Male Asylum and the Charity School were to be trained in the veterinary art, with the eventual rank of farriers. [http://books.google.com/books?id=sKxJAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA159 Google Books]
*[[Orphan Schools in Madras#Charity School|Charity School]]
:* Drummers are mentioned in this [http://books.google.com/books?id=88UoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA191 link] published 1838 Google Books
*[[Orphan Schools in Madras#Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Male Orphan Asylum]]
:*Diet of the boys in 1863 [http://books.google.com/books?id=2xm1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA401 page 401] Google books
*[[Orphan Schools in Madras#Madras Military Female Orphan Asylum|Madras Military Female Orphan Asylum]]
:*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA5-PA1 1864-1865 Report] Google Books. This report is in the middle of a volume of reports relating  to the Civil Asylums.
*[[Orphan Schools in Madras#Poonamallee Military Asylum|Poonamallee Military Asylum]] at [[Poonamallee]], about 15 miles from Madras
:*The boys were transferred to the Lawrence Asylum, Lovedale in September 1871 [http://books.google.com/books?id=PJAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA11-PA13 Google Books]
*[[Orphan Schools in Madras#Black Town/Civil Orphan Asylums|Black Town/Civil Orphan Asylums]]
*Madras Military Female Orphan Asylum
 
:*FIBIS Journal No. 6 (Autumn 2001) The Madras Military Female Orphan Asylum by Peter Bailey. To access this article: [http://www.fibis.org/members-area.htm FIBIS Members] view online; Non Members [http://www.search.fibis.org/html/join_fibis_on_line.html Join FIBIS] or [http://shop.fibis.org/journal.html purchase a copy of the Journal]
==Economy and business==
:*Page 61 of this Google Book [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OG8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA61 link], published 1842
*This [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/11/stories/2002121100070300.htm article] mentions Thomas Parry, 1768-1824, a merchant in Madras, after whom Parry’s Corner is named. Hindu.com
*[[Poonamallee]] Military Asylum, about 15 miles from Madras, for the children of [[British Army]] soldiers, was established in 1819. See [http://books.google.com/books?id=26sEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA195 page 195] ''The Calcutta Annual Register'' (1821) Google Books. It is not clear how long this Asylum continued. Some/all girls were transferred to the MMFOA in 1826, and boys possibly in 1835.
*[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/article3287837.ece Through the ages: businesses in Madras] 6 April 2012 thehindubusinessline.com
*[http://www.madraschamber.in/about-us/history.html Madras Chamber Of Commerce: History] Established 1836
*Wiele & Klein, Madras and Ootacamund
**[http://britishphotohistory.ning.com/photo/wiele-klein-studio?context=user Wiele & Klein Studio Advertisement] A Trade advertisement for the Madras and Ootacamund studio of Wiele & Klein, "Artists, Photographers and Photo Engravers" britishphotohistory.ning.com
**"The German Photographers of Madras" by Gabrielle Landwehr  [http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/the_german_photographers_of_madras.html Part 1] , [http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2015/otherstories.html Part 2] (scroll down) ''Madras Musings Volume XVIII'' No. 14, November 1-15, 2008 and No. 15, November 16-30, 2008
**[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/09/stories/2003070900200300.htm Madras on glass] 9 July 2003 ''The Hindu''
*[http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2021%20No%2015/the-premier-hotel-in-south-india.html "The premier hotel in South India": Part 1] Giacomo D’Angelis  belonged to that group of Italian traders and entrepreneurs who settled in India in the second half of the 19th Century in order to earn profit from business there and [http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2021%20No%2016/a-pioneering-in-hoteliering-in-madras-d-angelis.html " A pioneer in hoteliering in Madras–D'Angelis": Part 2] ''Madras Musings''  Vol. XXI No. 15, November 16-30, 2011 (Part 1)  and No. 16, December 1-15, 2011 (Part 2)
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/survivors-of-time-smith-stocking-and-co-stocking-medicine-down-the-decades/article3373775.ece "Survivors of Time: Smith Stocking and Co. — Stocking medicine down the decades"] by Anusha Parthasarathy May 1, 2012 ''The Hindu'' Chennai
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/beehive-going-strong/article6070064.ece "‘Beehive’ going strong"] by S. Muthiah June 1, 2014  Madras Miscellany ''The Hindu''. The Beehive Foundary and Oakes & Co., a department store


== External Links ==
== External links ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai Chennai, Tamil Nadu] "Wikipedia"
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai Chennai, Tamil Nadu] Wikipedia
*New buildings in [http://www.higman.de/Henry%20Irwin/madras.htm Madras 1888-1896] from [http://www.higman.de/Henry%20Irwin/henry-irwin.htm Henry Irwin Architect in India 1841–1922]


Madras in 1810 commences [http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA123 page 123] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154 page 154] ''Journal of a Residence in India'' by Maria Graham 2nd Edition 1813 Illustrated by Engravings. Google Books
*[http://www.madrasmusings.com ''Madras Musings''] is a fortnightly newsmagazine, available online, devoted to the preservation of the heritage and environment of the city of Madras. It has online [http://www.madrasmusings.com/archives/ Archives] from 1991.
**It includes a number of articles titled "Literature on Madras", containing bibliographic references to help you find historical information about Madras, refer [[Madras bibliography]]
**[http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%204/otherstories.html  'The best east of Suez,' they described MH [The Madras Maternity Hospital<nowiki>]</nowiki>]  June 1-15, 2009, [http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2019%20No%205/where-they-see-hear-and-dream-ob-and-gyn.html Where they see, hear and dream Ob & Gyn], June 16-30, 2009
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586218 "Early decades of Madras Medical College: Apothecaries"] by R Raman and A Raman ''Natl Med J India''. 2016 Mar-Apr;29(2):98-102. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
*[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/1795 ''Factories and Ports in India: a study of the English settlement pattern on the Coromandel Coast 1630-1724''] by C Srinivasa Reddy University of Hyderabad 1997 thesis from [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/ Shodhganga: Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3804481.ece Discovered: Pictures of Madras after Emden struck <nowiki>[</nowiki>September 22, 1914<nowiki>]</nowiki>] by  A. Srivathsan ''The Hindu'' 22 August 2012 . Includes photographic slideshow [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3804379.ece?ref=slideshow When Emden Bombed Madras]
:Also see Historical books online, below.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2771785.ece Memories of Madras - The Summer of 1942] ''The Hindu'' 3 January 2012
*Two articles about Popham’s Broadway, the main North-South thoroughfare in Black Town/Georgetown: [http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/popham-the-improver-1163210.html Popham the Improver] Saturday 6 June 1998  The Independent; [http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article795251.ece Madras Miscellany: The drain that became Broadway] ''The Hindu'' 26 September 2010
*[http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2021%20No%205/kellys.html "Lost Landmarks of Madras : Kelly's Drain– Where was it?"] by V Sriram  ''Madras Musings''  Vol. XXI No. 4, June 16-30, 2011 "a channel running through the heart of George Town."
*[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-pushy-first-lady/article4023512.ece  "Madras’ pushy First Lady"] by V Sriram. ''The Hindu'' 23 October  2012. Lady Willingdon arrived in 1919 and many institutions were named after her.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131127102623/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/05/25/stories/2009052550110400.htm Racing memories] by S. Muthiah  25 May  2009 ''The Hindu'', now archived.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030610160408/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/30/stories/2002093000180300.htm "Will Chennai's Jews be there?"] by S. Muthiah Sep 30, 2002,  ''The Hindu'', now archived.  A Jewish settlement first established itself in Madras to export the diamonds of Golconda to London.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-spirit-of-an-era/article4781426.ece "Survivors of Time: The spirit of an era"] by Anusha Parthasarathy  June 4, 2013.  Part 2: [http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/remains-of-the-day/article4806370.ece "Remains of the day"] June 12, 2013 ''The Hindu''. The Portuguese in early Madras.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-first-church-in-british-madras/article22795898.ece  "Madras Miscellany: The first church in British Madras"] by S. Muthiah February 19, 2018  ''The Hindu''. St Andrew’s Roman Catholic church, also known as the Portuguese Church, established  1642.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/merchants-on-a-mission/article4970153.ece "Merchants on a mission"] by Anusha Parthasarathy July 30, 2013 ''The Hindu''.  Armenians in early Madras.
*[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/N3DJLQtyIUm8iaDOD4kyEL/1844-Higginbothams--First-edition.html "1844 Higginbotham’s-First edition"] by Geeta Doctor August 13 2012 livemint.com. The bookshop in Madras.
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/madras-miscellany-monegar-choultry/article8085938.ece "Madras miscellany: A well-kept old age home"] by S. Muthiah January 9, 2016. ''The  Hindu''. Includes an end article about  the Madras Hunt, which hunted for jackels.
====Maps====
*[https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth298421/ ''A map of the East-Indies and the adjacent countries, with the settlements, factories and territories, explaning [sic<nowiki>]</nowiki> what belongs to England, Spain, France, Holland, Denmark, Portugal etc. with many remarks not extant in any other map''] c1717- 1720 by Herman Moll, geographer. University of Texas. Also available [https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:cj82ks67n Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection at the Boston Public Library] and [http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231221936/view National Library of Australia]. [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3426425 catalogue description from NLA].
:Note: this map contains an insert,  A Plan of Fort St. George and the City of Madras, which can  can be enlarged considerably.
*Article, with images, about a later map c 1726 [http://blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2018/02/a-prospect-of-fort-stgeorge-and-plan-of-the-city-of-madras.html 'A Prospect of Fort St. George and Plan of the city of Madras'] 01 February 2018  British Library Untold lives blog.
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:4879974?buttons=y A plan of Fort St. George and the city of Madras 1747] [http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/maps/digitalmaps/ Harvard Digital Maps] (HOLLIS Number: 012604250)
*Pre 1800 maps of Madras can be found by searching the French archive [[French#ANOM, previously CAOM|ANOM]]'s database [http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/ulysse/  Ulysse].


Madras in 1837. [http://books.google.com/books?id=poRCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 Chapter 2 of Book 2] of ''Travels in South-Eastern Asia, embracing Hindustan, Malaya, Siam, and China: with notices of numerous missionary stations, and a full account of the Burman Empire; with dissertations, tables, etc'' by Howard Malcolm 2nd edition 1839 2 volumes in one .   
====Historical books online====
Also see [[Madras (Presidency)]]
<br>[[Directories online]]
<br>[[Newspapers and journals online]]
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.88693/page/n3/mode/2up ''The Founding of Fort St. George, Madras''] by William Foster 1902. Based on India Office Records, [now at the [[British Library]]]. Archive.org, Granth Sanjeevani Collection. Watermarked pages. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044079380564?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 HathiTrust Digital Library version].
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=-jNagGDT-PsC&pg=PA361 "Madras"] ''A new account of the East Indies, Volume 1'', page 361 by Alexander Hamilton 1744 Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/vestigesofoldmad00loveuoft#page/n5/mode/2up '' Indian Records Series. Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 Index Volume''] by Henry Davison Love 1913 Archive.org. If you find a reference here, then  follow it up in: ''Vestiges of Old Madras'' [https://archive.org/details/VestigesOfOldMadras1 ''Volume I''], [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.607/page/n3/mode/2up  ''Volume II''], [https://archive.org/details/VestigesOfOldMadras3 ''Volume III''] Archive.org. Each volume is very informative, with over 600 pages.
:Also available as downloads from GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, with possibly better images. [https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/23180 ''Vol. I''], [https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/23181 ''Vol. II, Part 1''], [https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/23182 ''Vol. III''].
*''Indian Records Series. The Diaries Of Streynsham Master 1675-1680''  1911.  Streynsham Master was appointed  agent and governor at Fort St. George, 1675. Includes short biographical notes on all Englishmen mentioned in the manuscripts. [http://www.archive.org/stream/diaries16751680o01mastuoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Volume I The Diary 1675-1677''], [http://www.archive.org/stream/diaries16751680o02mastuoft#page/n7/mode/2up  ''Volume II The First and Second Memorialls 1679-1680''], [http://www.archive.org/stream/diaries16751680o02mastuoft#page/396/mode/2up Index] Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=b40BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Madras in the olden time: being a history of the presidency from the first foundation to the Governorship of Thomas Pitt, Grandfather of the Earl of Chatham 1639-1702''] by J Talboys Wheeler 1861 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=pGBCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Madras in the olden time: being a history of the presidency from the first foundation of Fort St. George Volume 2 1702-1727''] J Talboys Wheeler 1861 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=85UBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11 ''Madras in the olden time: being a history of the presidency from the first foundation of Fort St. George to the French Occupation of Madras  Volume 3 1727-1748''] by J Talboys Wheeler 1862 Google Books
*Records of Fort St George
**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Diary%20Consultation%20Madras%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts&page=1 ''Diary and Consultation Book''] Volume 1 1672-1678 to Volume 86  1756 (July 13 to September 22) (69 volumes available online) (Series consists of 90 volumes to 1760) Archive.org
**''Diary and Consultation Book, Military Department'' [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31158011802609?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 1752], [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31158011802542?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 1753], published 1910 Hathi Trust Digital Library
**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Letters%20%22to%20Fort%20St.%20George%22%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts  ''Letters to Fort St.George'']  Volume 1 1681-82 to Volume 44 1763-64 (32 volumes available online) (Series consists of  45 volumes to 1765) Archive.org
**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Letters%20%22from%20Fort%20St.%20George%22%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts ''Letters from Fort St. George''] Volume 1 1679  to Volume 40 1765 (broken range of 33 volumes available online) Archive.org
**[http://www.archive.org/stream/selectionsfrompu00madrrich#page/n3/mode/2up ''Records of Fort St George.  Selections from public consultations, letters from Fort St. George and Fort St. David consultations, 1740'']  Archive.org
**''Records of Fort St George. Public Despatches from England'' [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023929650#page/n3/mode/2up ''1753-1754 Volume 57''] 1964, [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924073085288#page/n0/mode/2up  ''1755-1756  Volume 59''] 1970,[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924073085247#page/n0/mode/2up  ''1756-1757 Volume 60''] 1971 Archive.org (All catalogued as ''Records of the Madras Government'')
**[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/discover?rpp=100&etal=0&query=Fort+St.+George&scope=/&group_by=none&page=1&sort_by=score&order=desc&filtertype_0=title&filter_relational_operator_0=contains&filter_0=%22Fort+St.+George%22  ''Records of Fort St. George''] Multiple  pdf downloads Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India]. Includes
***[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/discover?filtertype_1=title&filter_relational_operator_1=contains&filter_1=%22Fort+St.+David%22&submit_apply_filter=&query=Fort+St.+George&scope=%2F&rpp=100&sort_by=score&order=desc ''Fort St. David consultations'' 1697- 1750. Also Fort St. David ''Letters'' to 1750]  Multiple  pdf downloads Digital Repository of GIPE.
***[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/discover?filtertype_1=title&filter_relational_operator_1=contains&filter_1=Fort+St.+George+Tellicherry&submit_apply_filter=&query=Fort+St.+George&scope=%2F&rpp=100&sort_by=score&order=desc ''Tellicherry Consultations'' and ''Letters''  1725-1751] Multiple  pdf downloads Digital Repository of GIPE.
**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Madras%29+AND+creator%3A%28Mayor%27s+Court%29&sort=titleSorter ''Mayor's Court Minutes/Pleadings''] Madras 1689 and 1716 - 1745 (including Madras as a Search term), together with [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Fort+St+George%29+AND+title%3A%28Mayor%27s+Court%29&sort=titleSorter Additional files] 1727-1746, (including Fort St George as a Search term). Part of ''Records of Fort  St George''. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7oFZAAAAYAAJ ''An account of the trade in India: containing rules for good government in trade, price courants, and tables: with descriptions of Fort St. George, Acheen, Malacca, Condore, Canton, Anjengo, Muskat, Gombroon, Surat, Goa, Carwar, Telichery, Panola, Calicut, the Cape of Good-Hope, and St. Helena... To which is added, An Account of the Management of the Dutch in their Affairs in India''] by Charles Lockyer 1711 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_7oFZAAAAYAAJ#page/n15/mode/2up Contents]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportonpalkmanu00greauoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''Report on the Palk Documents'']  1922  Archive.org.  Letters addressed to Sir Robert Palk from the time he relinquished the governorship of Madras in 1767 to the end of 1786. The majority were sent from Fort St. George, and they are “full of political and military intelligence”.
*[https://archive.org/details/b29932518/page/n9 ''The Nabobs of Madras''] by Henry Dodwell 1926 Archive.org. The social background of the events in the second half of the 18th century.
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CTVSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3 ''A Voyage To India''] by Rev James Cordiner  1820 Google Books  describes Madras in 1798-1799 from [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CTVSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA93 page 93]
*[https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZM9luQy&tag=The%20Chief%20secretary%20Madras%20diaries%20of%20Alexander%20Falconar%201790-1809#book1/ ''The Chief Secretary: Madras Diaries of Alexander Falconar 1790-1809''] Edited by N S Ramaswami 1983. Tamil Digital Library. Also contains a Notebook/Diary of  [[Madras Artillery|[Madras Army] Artillery]] Lieutenant Matthew Campbell 1821-1830 page 67. Based on diaries found in India. Also available mirror version [https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZM9luQy/mode/2up Archive.org]. [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/8e8bb646-1600-45e0-a9be-3c253a52ea34 Brief career details of Alexander Falconar], and possible additional papers. nationalarchives.gov.uk
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3415/page/n1/mode/2up ''Thomas Parry: Free Merchant Madras 1768-1824''] by G H Hodgson  1938. Note digital pages contain a watermark. Archive.org. Contains extracts from many letters, including Part II (from digital page 280) being  letters written 1806-1809.  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.163918/page/n1 2nd file] Missing some of the Contents pages, however pages do not contain a watermark. Archive.org.
:[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.507301    ''Parrys of Madras''] by Hilton Brown 1954. Full title: ''Parry's of Madras: a story of British enterprise in India''. Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284859/mode/2up ''An accurate and authentic narrative of the origin and progress of the dissentions at the Presidency of Madras: founded on original papers and correspondence''] 1810. Missing at least one page which may be found in [https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.00040 File 2], however generally the 1st file is better quality. Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA123 ''Journal of a Residence in India''] by Maria Graham, 2nd Edition (1813) describes Madras in 1810 from page 123 and [http://books.google.com/books?id=PyUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154 page 154] (Google Books).
*[https://archive.org/details/sketchesofindia00sherrich ''Sketches of India''] by 'An Officer for Fire-Side Travellers At-Home' [Captain Moyle Sherer] 2nd edition, with additions 1824 Archive.org The author arrived in Madras in July 1818. His [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyle_Sherer Wikipedia] page indicates he was with the [[34th Regiment of Foot]].
*[https://archive.org/details/memoirslettersof00mounrich/page/76 Madras in 1829] Chapter V, page 76 ''Memoirs and letters of the late Colonel Armine S.H. Mountain, C. B. : aide-de-camp to the Queen and Adjutant-General of Her Majesty's forces in India'' 2nd edition 1858 (first published 1857) Archive.org
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=j5NeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA174 Madras c 1831/1832] page 174 ''T‪he Travels of Rabbi David D'Beth Hillel: From Jerusalem, Through Arabia, Koordistan, Part of Persia, and India to Madras'' by‬ Rabbi David D'Beth Hillel 1832 Google Books.  [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=j5NeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA179 Page 179] contains a description of coins and weights etc. in use.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=poRCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 ''Travels in South-Eastern Asia...etc''] by Howard Malcolm, 2nd edition (1839) 2 volumes, describes Madras in 1837 in Book 2, Chapter 2 (Google Books).
*[https://archive.org/details/lettersfrommadra00maitrich/page/n5/mode/2up ''Letters from Madras, during the years 1836-1839''] by A Lady (Mrs Julia Charlotte Maitland]  1846, stated elsewhere to be first published 1843. Archive.org. [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/maitland/madras/madras.html Transcribed edition] digital.library.upenn.edu. A later edition was ''Letters from Madras during the years 1836-1839'' by Julia Maitland ; with introduction, notes and appendices by Alyson Price. 2003. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01012046269.  See [[Biographies reading list#Autobiography|Biographies reading list]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Maitland Julia Maitland] (Wikipedia), born 1808. At the time she was in  in India she was married to James Thomas who was a  judge in the Madras Presidency, who died January 1840.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=YrMV0naxUTAC&pg=PA171 ''A Gazetteer of Southern India: with the Tenasserim Provinces and Singapore''] by Pharoah &Co (1855), detailing Madras (Google Books)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=qvkNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''A Handbook for India: Being an Account of the Three Presidencies, and of the Overland Route; intended as a guide for Travellers, Officers and Civilians. Part I Madras''] by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1859 Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Madrasiana''] by W.T. Munro (pseud. Rev. William Taylor)  1868 Google Books. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR6 Contents]. Includes [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 "Part I Churches and Chapels"].  [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=uJheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA111 Page 111: Mrs Murray’s Seminary] located at Vepery from 1815.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/fortstgeorgemad02penngoog#page/n13/mode/1up ''Fort St. George, Madras; a short history of our first possession in India''] by Mrs Frank Penny (Fanny Emily)  1900. Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.118293/page/n3/mode/2up ''On the Coromandel Coast''] by F. E. Penny 1908. Archive.org, Granth Sanjeevani Collection.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/vicissitudesfor00leiggoog#page/n11/mode/1up ''Vicissitudes of Fort St. George''] by David Leighton 1902 Archive.org. The history to 1798.
*''The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras'' by  Rev Frank Penny 1904 Archive.org
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/churchinmadrasbe01penn#page/n7/mode/2up ''Volume 1 In the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries''] [http://www.archive.org/stream/churchinmadrasbe02penn#page/n7/mode/2up ''Volume 2  1805 to 1835''] [http://www.archive.org/stream/churchinmadrasbe03penn#page/n7/mode/2up '' Volume 3 1835 to 1861'']
*[https://archive.org/details/st-marys-madras-malden-1905/page/n5/mode/2up ''A Hand Book to St. Mary's Church, Fort St. George, Madras. With a Description of Its Monuments and Other Objects of Interest''] by the Rev. Charles Herbert Malden 1905. Archive.org. Also available [https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZt7luQ7#book1/ Tamil Virtual Library], where the title is catalogued as ''A Hand book to St. Mary's Church : with a description of its monuments and other objects of interest with illustrations and a plan''. Also available [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JTYzBxLteC4C Google Books].
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/memoriesofmadras00lawsuoft#page/n9/mode/2up ''Memories of Madras''] by Sir Charles Lawson 1905 Archive.org
*A collection of photographs from  [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/p15195coll29 ''India Illustrated: Being a Collection of Pictures of the Cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, Together with a Selection of the Most Interesting Buildings and Scenes throughout India''], published by Bennett, Coleman, & Co., publishers of the English language newspaper ''Times of India'', c 1905. University of Houston Digital Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.65895/page/n13/mode/2up ''Madras The Birth Place of British India. An Illustrated Guide with Map''] by Lieut-Colonel H A Newell, Indian Army 1919. Archive.org. Poor quality text and missing some pages and map.  [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001254490 HathiTrust Digital Library] version for those in some areas such as North America.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/storyofmadras00barlrich#page/n7/mode/2up  ''The Story of Madras''] by Glyn Barlow, with illustrations by the author. 1921 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofthecity035512mbp#page/n3/mode/2up ''History of the City of Madras written for the Tercentenary Celebration Committee 1939''] by C S Srinivasachari 1939  [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofthecity035512mbp#page/n449/mode/2up Index] Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=pwMk4FIcpuUC&pg=PR7  ''The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume''] 1939 Preview Google Books. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.23458 Archive.org version], Public Library of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461199 ''Work And Sport In The Old  I. C. S.''] by  W O Horne [William Ogilvie] 1928. Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection. He was appointed to the Madras Civil Service in 1882. Includes reference to the Madras Hunt.
*[https://archive.org/details/storyoffortstgeo00cold ''The Story of Fort St. George''] by Col. D. M. Reid. Reprint edition, first published 1945 Archive.org, Historical Resources of India Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/lauterbachofchin00lowe ''Lauterbach of the China Sea : the Escapes and Adventures of a Seagoing Falstaff''] by Lowell Thomas, 1930 Archive.org. During WW1 Julius Lauterbach was navigator on the German  SMS Emden which attacked oil tanks at Madras [https://archive.org/stream/lauterbachofchin00lowe#page/52/mode/2up page 51]. 
*Articles by F.E.P, very likely Fanny Emily Penny, giving details of Marriages at St Mary’s , Fort  St George, and Marriages at Outstations Recorded in the St Mary’s Register Book,  appeared in ''The Genealogist'', Volumes 19-23 published in London  1903 to 1907 Archive.org
**Volume 19, 1903. [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist01unkngoog#page/n198/mode/1up/  St Mary’s Marriages 1680-1693], pages 182-189,      [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist01unkngoog#page/n301/mode/1up/  1693-1711], pages 285-292               
**Volume 20, 1904 [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist00unkngoog#page/n70/mode/1up/  1712-1727], pages 57-61, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist00unkngoog#page/n112/mode/1up  1727-1760],  pages 99-107 , [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist00unkngoog#page/n213/mode/1up/ 1761-1780],  pages 200-207, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist00unkngoog#page/n287/mode/1up/ 1780-1789],  pages 274-279. There is a footnote on page 274 stating the words '''native of India means a person who was born in India'''. "They might be of European blood or mixed parentage"
**Volume 21, 1905.  [https://archive.org/details/genealogist2119selb/page/n125    1789-1798] pages 52-60, [https://archive.org/details/genealogist2119selb/page/n221    1797- 1803] pages 100-106, [https://archive.org/details/genealogist2119selb/page/n411  1803-1806] pages 195-201, [https://archive.org/details/genealogist2119selb/page/n567 1806-1810] pages 273-281, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n517/mode/2up/search/madras correction of an entry]. 
**Volume 22, 1906  [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n147/mode/2up/ 1810-1811],  pages 63-67, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n289/mode/2up/ 1812] , pages 134-137, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n401/mode/2up/  1813-1814],  pages 190-193,  [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n513/mode/2up/ 1814-1815],  pages 246-248 
*:"Returns of Marriages at Outstations in the Madras Presidency, Recorded in the Register Book of St Mary’s, Fort  St George, between 1783 and 1805" [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogis_22selb#page/n517/mode/2up/ 1783-1796] pages 248-257
**Volume 23,  1907  [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist23selb#page/n127/mode/2up  1796-1798], pages 54 -61,  [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist23selb#page/n275/mode/2up 1798-1800],  page 128-129, [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist23selb#page/n377/mode/2up/  1800-1805],  page 179-187,  [http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogist23selb#page/n393/mode/2up/  additional entries], pages 187-189
:These articles have been reprinted as the book ''Marriages at Fort St. George, Madras'', published 1907. This book is available to read online, or download, [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1931668 catalogue entry], from [[Online books#FamilySearch Digital Library|FamilySearch]]. You need to be registered and sign in first. [https://archive.org/details/marriages-madras-fep/mode/2up Archive.org version].
:[https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZt0l0Id&tag=List%20Of%20Marriages#book1/ ''List Of Marriages Registered in the Presidency Of Fort St George  1680 - 1800''] edited by H Dodwell, Curator Madras Record Office 1916. Tamil Virtual Library. These records are compiled from St Mary's registers, and also Missionary registers, so perhaps include records additional to the record series above. Contains 74 pages of records. [https://archive.org/details/marriages-madras-dodwell/mode/2up Archive.org version].
* Also see [[Cemeteries#Inscriptions in online books|Cemeteries - Inscriptions in online books]] for records from Madras.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OG8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9 ''‪Report on the Medical Topography and Statistics of the Presidency Division of the Madras army‬: ‪including Fort St. George, and its dependencies, within the limits of the Supreme Court. Compiled from the records of the Medical Board Office'']‬ 1842 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=rBNPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA43 Madras and its cantonments] page 43, ''The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal Volume 68 1847''. Google Books. The cantonments were classified as "Stations on the sea coast"
*[https://archive.org/stream/b2809265x#page/172/mode/2up "Madras"] page 173 ''Reports on mountain and marine sanitaria; medical and statistical observations on civil stations and military cantonments, jails - dispensaries - regiments - barracks, &c. within the Presidency of Madras, the Straits of Malacca, the Andaman Islands, and British Burmah from January 1858 to January 1862'' by Inspector General of Hospitals Duncan Macpherson. 1862 Archive.org. Part of the series ''Selections from the Records of the Madras Government''.
**[https://archive.org/stream/b2809265x#page/171/mode/1up Plan of Madras and environs] prior to page 173
*[https://archive.org/details/eurasiansofmadra0000thur/page/n7/mode/2up "Eurasians of Madras and Malabar"] by Edgar Thurston page 69-114 ''Madras Government Museum Bulletin'' Vol II, No 2 1898 Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0001/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>''] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, '''Madras''', “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. [https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0002/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans''] by C C James 1917 Archive.org
*[https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/2746 ''World War II Operational Documents: Port summary of Madras, India, 1945''] from Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library.


[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]'

Latest revision as of 03:42, 8 December 2022

Madras (City)
Presidency: Madras
Coordinates: 13.09°N, 80.27°E
Altitude: 6m
Present Day Details
Place Name: Chennai
State/Province: Tamil Nadu
Country: India
Transport links
Madras Railway (to 1908)
Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway (1908 on)
FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Madras (City)



Madras (now Chennai) was one of the early East India Company Factories, the location of Fort St George and the seat of the Madras Presidency.

Madras in 1862, with churches, missions & schools
Madras 1893 Rootsweb

History

Spelling variants

Modern name: Chennai
Variants: Madras

FIBIS resources

Cemeteries

See Madras Cemeteries, for details of some of the Christian cemeteries in the city.

Orphan schools

See the main article Orphan Schools in Madras, or the following list of schools:

Economy and business

External links

Also see Historical books online, below.

Maps

Note: this map contains an insert, A Plan of Fort St. George and the City of Madras, which can can be enlarged considerably.

Historical books online

Also see Madras (Presidency)
Directories online
Newspapers and journals online

Also available as downloads from GIPE, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, with possibly better images. Vol. I, Vol. II, Part 1, Vol. III.
Parrys of Madras by Hilton Brown 1954. Full title: Parry's of Madras: a story of British enterprise in India. Archive.org, Public Library of India Collection.
On the Coromandel Coast by F. E. Penny 1908. Archive.org, Granth Sanjeevani Collection.
  • Vicissitudes of Fort St. George by David Leighton 1902 Archive.org. The history to 1798.
  • The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras by Rev Frank Penny 1904 Archive.org
Volume 1 In the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Volume 2 1805 to 1835 Volume 3 1835 to 1861
These articles have been reprinted as the book Marriages at Fort St. George, Madras, published 1907. This book is available to read online, or download, catalogue entry, from FamilySearch. You need to be registered and sign in first. Archive.org version.
List Of Marriages Registered in the Presidency Of Fort St George 1680 - 1800 edited by H Dodwell, Curator Madras Record Office 1916. Tamil Virtual Library. These records are compiled from St Mary's registers, and also Missionary registers, so perhaps include records additional to the record series above. Contains 74 pages of records. Archive.org version.