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{{Locations_Infobox
{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency=Bombay
|presidency=[[Bombay]]
|image=
|image=Karachi_port_and_harbour_aerial.jpg
|coordinates=  
|coordinates= [https://www.google.com/maps/search/24.86,67.01/@24.86,67.01,12z/data=!4m2!2m1!4b1?hl=en 24.86°N 67.01°E]
|altitude= Sea Level
|altitude= 8 m (26 ft)
|presentname= Karachi
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi Karachi]
|stateprovince= [[Sind|Sindh]]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh Sindh]
|country= Pakistan
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan Pakistan]
|transport=[[Kotri-Rohri Railway]]
}}
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Karachi|name=Karachi |link=https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=211401480495186034184.0004d1ece46598812fb6d&msa=0&ll=24.861867,67.03505&spn=0.007924,0.00692}}


'''Karachi''' was the capital of [[Sind]] from 1840's until Partition in 1947.
During the British period '''Karachi''' was the headquarters of [[Karachi District]] and the capital of the Sind division of [[Bombay (Presidency)|Bombay Presidency]] from 1840s until 1936. See [[Bombay Districts]]. [[Sind]] was an independent province from 1936 till Partition in 1947.  
 
== Spelling variants ==
Modern name: Karachi<br>
Variants: Kurrachee


==History==
==History==
It was occupied by the British in 1839.
[[Image:Khiport1906.jpg|thumb|280px|right| Memorial Arch at the Port for the Prince and Princess of Wales (1906)]]
It was occupied by the British in 1839.  
* Wikipedia article: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Karachi History]
 
==Places of Worship==
===Churches===
Various denominations existed including Catholic, Anglican and Methodist. The oldest church was St. Patrick's Church (now Cathedral)(1840s) in the Saddar area of the city.
 
====Catholic====
[[Image:Karachi_St_Patricks_Cathedral.jpg|thumb|300px| right|St. Patrick's Cathedral]]
Was part of the Vicariate Apostolic of [[Bombay]] until 1886. From 1886 to 1947, it was part of the Archdiocese of Bombay.
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima_Church,_Karachi Our Lady of Fatima]
* Sacred Heart Church, Keamari
* St. Anthony's Church (1935), Cantonment
* St. Anthony's Church, Manora
* St. Christopher's Church, Airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence%E2%80%99s_Church,_Karachi St. Lawrence's Church], Soldier Bazar
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick's_Cathedral,_Karachi St. Patrick's Church] (now Cathedral) (1843).  Founder: Rev. Casabloch. Note: Started in the premises of St. Joseph's Convent. Present building completed in 1878
 
====Protestant====
* Brooks Memorial Methodist Church (1875). Founder: Rev. Frank Ambrose Goodman. Denomination: Methodist
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_(Karachi) Holy Trinity Church] (now Cathedral). Denomination: Anglican
* St. Andrew's Church (Scotch Church) (1867-68). Denomination: Presbyterian. [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/s/019pho000000425u00017000.html Photograph Scotch Church of St Andrew's, Karachi c1900] Also [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/i/019pho000000201u00091000.html Interior of St Andrew's Church, Karachi c1870] images and background details from British Library Gallery online.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul's_Church,_Manora St. Paul's Church], Manora.
 
[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showpost.php?p=59583057&postcount=23  Photographs of Churches in Kurrachee (taken in the 1850s- 1870s)] skyscrapercity.com
 
===Other places===
* Parsi Dar-e-Meher
* Magain Shalome Synagogue (1890s) (demolished in 1980s)
* Various Hindu temples. [http://www.pakistanhinducouncil.org/temples.asp List]
 
 
==Cemeteries==
* [[Bene Israel Cemetery]] - [http://www.jewishtimesasia.org/main-news-topmenu-48/359-2010-08/1732-jewish-cemetery-in-karachi-documented-for-first-time Jewish Cemetery In Karachi Documented For First Time]  Jewish timesasia.org  [http://www.cemeteryofthelosttribe.com  View the documentary film] [http://arifhasan.org/images-gallery/jewish-graveyard Photographs]
* [[Gora Kabristan, Karachi|Gora Kabristan]]
* [[Karachi War Cemetery]]
 
==Military==
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=StsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA349 "Special Sanitary and Topographical Report on Kurrachee"] by Surgeon-Major Dr Inglis [[64th Regiment of Foot|64th Regiment]], page 349 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1861''  (published 1863) Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/472/mode/2up "Kurrachee"] page 473 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/i/largeimage56653.html Photograph: Infantry Barracks, Napier Lines, Kurrachee c 1870] with [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/i/019pho000000201u00087000.html description] British Library Online Gallery
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/largeimage57526.html Bird's eye view Napier Barracks Karachi c 1900] with [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/019pho000000425u00027000.htm description] [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/largeimage57527.html A second view c 1900] with [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/019pho000000425u00028000.htm description] British Library Online Gallery
*[http://www.telstudies.org/discussion/service_years/karachi_photos.shtml Snapshots of Drigh Road RAF Depot, Karachi, now PAF Base Faisal] c 1927. [[T E Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia)]] , as Aircraftman T E Shaw, was stationed here in 1927-1928.  telstudies.org. Retrieved 21 August 2014
*"Every Day A Bonus" by Ken Clarke from ''Regimental Association of The Queen's Own Buffs (PWRR): The Journal'' issues No 11-14 Autumn 2005- Spring 2007. The pages covering the voyage to India in 1933, time in India, and voyage back to England in 1938 are (11)48-49; (12)29-39; (13)15-25; (14)38.
:[http://thequeensownbuffs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Journal-No-11-Autumn-2005.pdf  Issue 11], [http://thequeensownbuffs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Journal-No-12-Spring-2006.pdf 12], [http://thequeensownbuffs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Journal-No-13-Autumn-2006.pdf 13], [http://thequeensownbuffs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Journal-No-14-Spring-2007.pdf 14] thequeensownbuffs.com
:Issue 13 includes  his experiences with the [[50th Regiment of Foot|1st Battalion, Royal West Kent Regiment]]  in Karachi.
*"Last stop Karachi 1946!" by John ‘Dusty’ Miller [https://web.archive.org/web/20140624065252/http://www.qissa-khwani.com:80/2012/09/last-stop-karachi-1946.html  Part 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20161221004433/http://www.qissa-khwani.com/2012/09/last-stop-karachi-1946_16.html Part 2]. He was a driver in the RAF and was in India 1945-1947, his last posting in Karachi. www.qissa-khwani.com, now archived.
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-K.htm#Karachi RAF Karachi] (including Drigh Road) rafweb.org. Retrieved 1 July 2014
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-M.htm#Mauripur RAF Mauripur], in the vicinity of Karachi. rafweb.org. Retrieved 1 July 2014
 
==Clubs and Associations==
* see [[Economy_of_Karachi#Clubs_and_Associations|here]]
 
==Buildings==
[[Image:Karachi_Frere_Hall.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Frere Hall]]
 
===Cinemas===
* Star Cinema (1918)
 
===Halls===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frere_Hall Frere Hall] (1865) (Victoria Road)
* Max Denso Hall  (Bandar Road)
 
===Hotels===
* Bristol Hotel (1910) [http://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5065159632/ Photograph] [http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/metropolitan/16-bristol-bliss-hs-10 Article in Dawn]
* Grand Hotel
* Hotel Midway House ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLM KLM] built)
* Palace Hotel (now Sheraton Hotel)
 
===Houses===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohatta_Palace Mohatta Palace] (1920s)
 
=== Museums ===
* Victoria Museum
 
==Monuments==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merewether_Clock_Tower Merewether Clock Tower] (now known simply as Tower) [http://pakistaniat.com/2009/01/05/architecture-merewether-tower-karachi/ Architecture: Merewether Tower, Karachi]
 
==Markets==
[[Image:Empress Market, Karachi.jpg‎|right|thumb|300px|''Empress Market, Karachi'']]
* see [[Economy_of_Karachi#Markets|here]]
 
==Education==
* Bai Virbaiji Soparivala (B.V.S.) Parsi High School (only for Parsis until 1947) [http://www.bvsvirbaijeeites.com/ Alumni website]
* Karachi Grammer School (1847)
* Sind Arts College (later DJ College)
* St. Joseph's Convent (1862)[http://www.angelfire.com/in/stjosephsconvent/history_of_st.htm History of SJC] (official website)
* St. Patrick's High School (1861) [http://www.stpats.edu.pk/ official website]
* Nadirshah Edulji Dinshaw (NED) College (formerly Prince of Wales Engineering College.) (1922, renamed 1924) [http://www.neduet.edu.pk/ official website]
 
==Newspapers==
* Sind Gazette
 
==Health==
===Hospitals===
[[Image:Karachi - Civil Hospital.jpg‎|right|thumb|300px|Karachi Civil Hospital]]
* Civil Hospital (1854). Located on Mission Road.
* Lady Dufferin Hospital (1898)
* Spencer Eye Hospital (1938)
 
===Dispensaries===
* Eduljee Dinshaw Dispensary (1881-1882)
* Jaffer Fudoo Dispensary
 
===Veterinary Hospitals===
* Richmond Crawford Veterinary Hospital
 
===Institutes===
* Louise Lawrence Institute (training of midwives) (after 1912)
 
==Gardens==
[[Image:Karachi_garden_beaumont_lawns.jpg|thumb|25opx|right| Beaumont Lawns (2006)]]
* Burns Garden
* Erskine Garden
* Government Garden/ Company Bagh (1885)/ Rani Bagh/ Gandhi Garden (1933) (now the city zoo)<ref>Soomro, Durdana, "Pleasure Gardens of a Raj City". Lahore: Sang-e-Meel. 2007 pg 43 </ref>
* Municipal Garden
 
==Government Offices==
* Mercantile Marine Department (May 1930)
* Sind Fisheries Department
 
==Economy and business==
*[[Economy of Karachi]]
 
==Locations==
This is a list of the major areas, quarters and roads of the city.
 
====Lines====
* Civil Lines
* Jacob Lines
* Jutland Lines
* N.I. Lines
* R.A. Lines
 
====Quarters====
* Artillery Maidan Quarter
* Frere Quarter
* Jamsheed Quarter
* Napier Quarter
 
====Roads====
[[Image:Karachi_britto_road_2007.jpg|300px|right|Britto Road (2007)]]
* Britto Road
* Brunton Road
* Bunder Road (now M.A. Jinnah Road)
* Frere Street
* Jail Road
* Kutchery Road (Law courts)
* Lawrence Road (now Nishtar Road)
* McLeod Road (now II Chundrigar Road)
* Merewether Road
* Mission Road
* Napier Road
* Newnham Road
* Outram Road
* Queen's Road (now M.T. Khan Road)
* Rampart Road
* Scandal Point Road
* Somerset Road
* Victoria Road (now Abdullah Haroon Road)
 
For more information, visit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_streets_of_Karachi List of streets of Karachi]
 
==Transportation==
====Railways====
There were two stations, McLeod Road Station (now City Station) and Frere Street Station (now Karachi Cantt)
===Tramway===
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20130127070013/http://pakistaniat.com/2007/09/14/karachi-tramway-of-yesteryears/ The Karachi Tramway of Yesteryears] 14 September 2007 All Things Pakistan, now an archived website.
 
====Karachi Harbour====
[[Image:Karachi_Kemari.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Taking the boat from Kemari]]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Port_Trust Karachi Port Trust] was established by an Act in 1886 (effective 1887) to manage the affairs of the port.
* Kemari (earlier an island, but joined to the mainland)
* [http://thekarachiwalla.com/2011/06/07/karachi-landmarks-the-mules-mansion/ Mules Mansion]The Karachi Walla
* Napier Mole
 
==External Links==
[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=15&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_017.gif Karachi City] Imperial Gazetteer
 
====Maps====
[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/kurrachee_harbour_1882.jpg Kurrachee Harbour Map 1882] from the Historical Maps of Asia Collection, University of Texas, Austin
 
====Historical books online====
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uZdeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 ''An Account of the Kurachee Municipality, from Its Commencement to the 1st Jan. 1860''] by A F Bellasis, late Collector and Magistrate of Kurachee. 1860 Google Books
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000036228#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=8&z=0%2C-256.4058%2C2842%2C2800.8116 ''The Sind Directory. With a map ... Also, a plan of Kurrachee ... A general description of the Punjab, etc.''] by George  Bease  1862 British Library Digital Collection. Note: There do not appears to be any maps.
**[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000036228#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=269&z=0%2C-256.4058%2C2842%2C2800.8116 A List of the European and Eurasian Inhabitants in Sind at 1st April 1862] page 252
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_00000005D3D8 ''The Tourist's Guide from Delhi to Kurrachee, describing the various towns ... commerce: railways: river communications: &c: &c: with a map'']. Lahore  [c 1865?]. British Library Digital Collection
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.110482/page/n3/mode/2up ''Kurrachee: Past Present And Future''] by Alexander F Baillie 1890. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7678/page/n1/mode/2up  2nd file] with images correctly rotated. Archive.org.  [http://www.sanipanhwar.com/Kurrachee%20Past%20Present%20and%20Future%20.pdf Another version] transcribed by sanipanhwar.com
*[https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0001/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>''] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, '''Karachi''', Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. [https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0002/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans''] by C C James 1917 Archive.org
* ''The Karachi Handbook & Directory for 1922-23''  edited by Sir Montague de P Webb 1922. Published by ''The Daily Gazette'', Karachi. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.548423/page/n17 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India. The print quality of some pages is poor.
=====Booklets=====
* [http://www.cbi-theater.com/karachi/karachi.html  ''Guide to Karachi]'' Booklet produced for US Soldiers during WWII. cbi-theater.com
* [http://www.cbi-theater.com/depotno1/depotno1.html ''Special Service Booklet''] for US Soldiers during WWII. cbi-theater.com
 
====Thesis====
* Haider, Azimusshan (1971), [http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/917/ History of Karachi with special reference to educational and commercial development (1839-1900)], PhD thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi.
* Wajidi, Muhammad Abuzar (1990) [http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/915/1/649.html.htm KMC (Karachi Municipal Corporation): A study of its administrative and financial organisation] PhD thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi.
 
====Other====
*[http://www.dawn.com/news/617830/sugar-and-stone "Sugar and Stone"] by Peerzada Salman ''Dawn'' Sunday 3 April 2011. Article about historical buildings. Unfortunately the article now does not show the photographs originally available.
*[http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/23/somakes-karachi.html Somake`s Karachi] by Peerzada Salman ''Dawn'' 23 May 2011.  Moses Somake, born 1875, was an architect in Karachi
 
====Video====
* [http://www.chaltatv.com/video/14368/Christian-Cemetery-Karachi-Pakistan-BBC-Report Christian Cemetery, Karachi] BBC Urdu report (in Urdu)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9wfetvoanI Karachi and Bombay at the End of the Raj] as seen by a British soldier sometime between 1942 and 1947: (updated commentary from the earlier posting  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhtldMcawFA Karachi at the End of the Raj] YouTube video
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CRiJs7vXWg Churches of Karachi] Short documentary on their construction/architecture (in Urdu) on youtube
 
==Further Reading==
* Lari, Yasmin and Mihail Lari, "The Dual City: Karachi during the Raj" Karachi OUP. 1997. ISBN: 978-0195777352
 
==References==
<references/>
 
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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category: Karachi ]]

Latest revision as of 05:51, 14 November 2022

Karachi
Presidency: Bombay
Coordinates: 24.86°N 67.01°E
Altitude: 8 m (26 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Karachi
State/Province: Sindh
Country: Pakistan
Transport links
Kotri-Rohri Railway
FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Karachi



During the British period Karachi was the headquarters of Karachi District and the capital of the Sind division of Bombay Presidency from 1840s until 1936. See Bombay Districts. Sind was an independent province from 1936 till Partition in 1947.

Spelling variants

Modern name: Karachi
Variants: Kurrachee

History

Memorial Arch at the Port for the Prince and Princess of Wales (1906)

It was occupied by the British in 1839.

Places of Worship

Churches

Various denominations existed including Catholic, Anglican and Methodist. The oldest church was St. Patrick's Church (now Cathedral)(1840s) in the Saddar area of the city.

Catholic

St. Patrick's Cathedral

Was part of the Vicariate Apostolic of Bombay until 1886. From 1886 to 1947, it was part of the Archdiocese of Bombay.

  • Our Lady of Fatima
  • Sacred Heart Church, Keamari
  • St. Anthony's Church (1935), Cantonment
  • St. Anthony's Church, Manora
  • St. Christopher's Church, Airport
  • St. Lawrence's Church, Soldier Bazar
  • St. Patrick's Church (now Cathedral) (1843). Founder: Rev. Casabloch. Note: Started in the premises of St. Joseph's Convent. Present building completed in 1878

Protestant

Photographs of Churches in Kurrachee (taken in the 1850s- 1870s) skyscrapercity.com

Other places

  • Parsi Dar-e-Meher
  • Magain Shalome Synagogue (1890s) (demolished in 1980s)
  • Various Hindu temples. List


Cemeteries

Military

Issue 11, 12, 13, 14 thequeensownbuffs.com
Issue 13 includes his experiences with the 1st Battalion, Royal West Kent Regiment in Karachi.
  • "Last stop Karachi 1946!" by John ‘Dusty’ Miller Part 1, Part 2. He was a driver in the RAF and was in India 1945-1947, his last posting in Karachi. www.qissa-khwani.com, now archived.
  • RAF Karachi (including Drigh Road) rafweb.org. Retrieved 1 July 2014
  • RAF Mauripur, in the vicinity of Karachi. rafweb.org. Retrieved 1 July 2014

Clubs and Associations

Buildings

Frere Hall

Cinemas

  • Star Cinema (1918)

Halls

  • Frere Hall (1865) (Victoria Road)
  • Max Denso Hall (Bandar Road)

Hotels

Houses

Museums

  • Victoria Museum

Monuments

Markets

Empress Market, Karachi

Education

  • Bai Virbaiji Soparivala (B.V.S.) Parsi High School (only for Parsis until 1947) Alumni website
  • Karachi Grammer School (1847)
  • Sind Arts College (later DJ College)
  • St. Joseph's Convent (1862)History of SJC (official website)
  • St. Patrick's High School (1861) official website
  • Nadirshah Edulji Dinshaw (NED) College (formerly Prince of Wales Engineering College.) (1922, renamed 1924) official website

Newspapers

  • Sind Gazette

Health

Hospitals

Karachi Civil Hospital
  • Civil Hospital (1854). Located on Mission Road.
  • Lady Dufferin Hospital (1898)
  • Spencer Eye Hospital (1938)

Dispensaries

  • Eduljee Dinshaw Dispensary (1881-1882)
  • Jaffer Fudoo Dispensary

Veterinary Hospitals

  • Richmond Crawford Veterinary Hospital

Institutes

  • Louise Lawrence Institute (training of midwives) (after 1912)

Gardens

Beaumont Lawns (2006)
  • Burns Garden
  • Erskine Garden
  • Government Garden/ Company Bagh (1885)/ Rani Bagh/ Gandhi Garden (1933) (now the city zoo)[1]
  • Municipal Garden

Government Offices

  • Mercantile Marine Department (May 1930)
  • Sind Fisheries Department

Economy and business

Locations

This is a list of the major areas, quarters and roads of the city.

Lines

  • Civil Lines
  • Jacob Lines
  • Jutland Lines
  • N.I. Lines
  • R.A. Lines

Quarters

  • Artillery Maidan Quarter
  • Frere Quarter
  • Jamsheed Quarter
  • Napier Quarter

Roads

Britto Road (2007)
Britto Road (2007)
  • Britto Road
  • Brunton Road
  • Bunder Road (now M.A. Jinnah Road)
  • Frere Street
  • Jail Road
  • Kutchery Road (Law courts)
  • Lawrence Road (now Nishtar Road)
  • McLeod Road (now II Chundrigar Road)
  • Merewether Road
  • Mission Road
  • Napier Road
  • Newnham Road
  • Outram Road
  • Queen's Road (now M.T. Khan Road)
  • Rampart Road
  • Scandal Point Road
  • Somerset Road
  • Victoria Road (now Abdullah Haroon Road)

For more information, visit List of streets of Karachi

Transportation

Railways

There were two stations, McLeod Road Station (now City Station) and Frere Street Station (now Karachi Cantt)

Tramway

Karachi Harbour

Taking the boat from Kemari

Karachi Port Trust was established by an Act in 1886 (effective 1887) to manage the affairs of the port.

  • Kemari (earlier an island, but joined to the mainland)
  • Mules MansionThe Karachi Walla
  • Napier Mole

External Links

Karachi City Imperial Gazetteer

Maps

Kurrachee Harbour Map 1882 from the Historical Maps of Asia Collection, University of Texas, Austin

Historical books online

Booklets

Thesis

Other

  • "Sugar and Stone" by Peerzada Salman Dawn Sunday 3 April 2011. Article about historical buildings. Unfortunately the article now does not show the photographs originally available.
  • Somake`s Karachi by Peerzada Salman Dawn 23 May 2011. Moses Somake, born 1875, was an architect in Karachi

Video

Further Reading

  • Lari, Yasmin and Mihail Lari, "The Dual City: Karachi during the Raj" Karachi OUP. 1997. ISBN: 978-0195777352

References

  1. ↑ Soomro, Durdana, "Pleasure Gardens of a Raj City". Lahore: Sang-e-Meel. 2007 pg 43

Retrieved from "https://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Karachi&oldid=88556"