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Agra was the scene of a battle of the 2nd Maratha War. The city of Agra is situated about 170 km south-south-east of [[Delhi]]
{{Locations_Infobox
[[Category:Battles]]
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image= 601px-TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=27.179700,78.021400&z=15&t=h&hl=en  27.179700°N 78.021400°E]
|altitude= 171 m (561 ft)
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra Agra]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh Uttar Pradesh]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
|transport= [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]<br>[[East Indian Railway]]<br>[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]
''See page'' '''[[Agra Railways & Stations]]'''  ''for details''
}}
{{Places of Interest|title=Agra |name=Agra |link=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=211401480495186034184.0004bb3163e856674d342&msa=0}}
 
'''Agra'''  was the headquarters of [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_081.gif Agra District] in the Agra Division of United Provinces during the British period.
 
It is situated about 105 miles (170km) south-south-east of [[Delhi]]. As well as being the home of the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort, Agra is an important railhead and junction.  The ancient Mughal capital [[Fatehpur Sikri]] is to the south west of the city.
 
 
===FIBIS Resources===
*[[:Category:Agra images|Images of Agra]]
 
 
== History ==
====Administration====
[[Image:Agra Fort.JPG‎|right|thumb|300px|''Agra Fort'']]
The British took possession of Agra in 1803, and until 1829, the civil administration of the city was conducted by a [[Collector]] under the orders of the commissioners of the [[Ceded and Conquered Provinces]].  Between 1834 and 1836, Agra had its own [[Presidency]], the [[Presidency of Agra]], but this was abolished and the city was taken into the [[North-Western Provinces]].  The first Lieutenant-Governor installed there was Charles Metcalfe.  Agra remained the seat of government for the province until 1858, when the administration was transferred to [[Allahabad]].  Ten years later, the High Court of Judicature followed.
 
In 1903, the North-Western Provinces were renamed the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh ([[United Provinces]] for short) and under independant Indian rule this province became [[Uttar Pradesh]].
====Military====
*[[Battle of Agra 1803]] in the [[2nd Maratha War]]
*[[Retreat to Agra 1804]] in the [[2nd Maratha War]]
*[[Battle of Agra 1857]] in the [[Indian Mutiny]]
 
====Social====
Over three quarters of a million people, mostly Indians, died during the Agra famine of 1837–38 that hit the North-Western Provinces.
 
==Churches and missions==
[[Image:St Georges.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|St George's Church]]
'''Anglican'''
*St George's, Cantonment - built 1828, consecrated 1835
**The baptism, marriage and burial records for St George’s Church (now the Cathedral) are kept at the Diocesan Office, near St Paul’s Church. <ref> [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2010-10/1286789133 India List post by Robin Volkers October 2010]</ref>
*St John's Church, native church - built 1856, run by the Church Mission Society
*St Mathias's Church, Agra Fort
*St Paul's, Civil Lines - built 1855, run by the Church Mission Society
 
'''Roman Catholic'''
*RC Cathedral, Civil Lines - built 1848, the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Agra
*St Patrick's, Cantonment
 
'''Other denominations'''
*[[Havelock Memorial Chapel]], Cantonment - run by the Baptist Mission, erected 1873 in memory of [[Henry Havelock|Sir Henry Havelock]] who, with the [[13th Regiment of Foot]], built a Baptist chapel in the Cantonment in 1837
*American Episcopal Methodist - by the District Courts, built 1887
 
'''Missions'''
*Church Mission Society, St John's College
*Baptist Mission
*Methodist Mission
 
==Cemeteries==
 
[[List of cemeteries]] highlights various locations.
 
There are three active Christian cemeteries in Agra  the Roman Catholic Cemetery near Bhagwan Talkies, another one near Tota Ka Taal, and the third being the Cantonment Cemetery. Locals call it “Gora Kabristan”.
 
Among the inactive cemeteries, there is the Protestant cemetery, now in ruined condition, attached to St. Paul’s Church. This was the burial ground of the old Dutch factory that once stood on the land now occupied by the Church. There is also the cemetery inside the Agra Fort, in an area occupied by the Indian Army, therefore out of bounds for tourists and visitors.<ref>[https://double-dolphin.blogspot.com/2018/01/agra-roman-catholic-cemetery-red-taj-mahal.html "Agra's Roman Catholic Cemetery and the Red Taj Mahal"] 14 January 2018 ''The Concrete Paparazzi''.</ref>
 
'''Online records'''
*See [http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=906&s_id=778 FIBIS Database] for dataset of over 100 transcriptions and a few images.
* See [[Cemeteries]] for links to Inscriptions from Agra Cemeteries in Online books.
 
*[[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia)]] cemetery publications are
**''Agra Cantonment Cemetery'' by Robin Volkers, 2001    A record of over 5,000 burials from 1806-1990s, including all existing MIs, with plot diagrams indicating the shape and location of the tombs. 697pp, 106 illustrations and plans 
**''Agra St Paul's Cemetery'' by Robin Volkers, 2007    A record of burials from 1849-1958, monuments, wall tablets and inscriptions, including those at the nearby Tot ka Tal and Sikandra cemeteries. 102pp, 22 illustrations
**''Agra: Memorials of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception'' by Robin Volkers, 2012, 56pp. "This volume completes the author’s magisterial survey of the three most important cemeteries at Agra."
 
:See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books].   
 
:[[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] have put the indexes to these cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service
 
==Education==
====Colleges====
*Agra College - founded in 1823 with an endowment from the East India Company
*St Peter's College - Roman Catholic institution, founded 1841 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_College,_Agra wikipedia entry])
*St John's College - founded by the Church Mission Society in 1850 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Agra wikipedia entry])
*Medical College - opened in 1855 for native hospital assistants
 
====Schools====
*Victoria High School - founded in 1862
*St George's High School for European children
*Convent school for girls
 
====Orphanages====
*The  Roman Catholic  Church ran two orphanages in Agra for European children, c 1857, St. Paul's for boys, and St. Patrick's for girls.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=j2MtAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA394  "Catholicity in India"], page 394  ''The Rambler, Volume 7'' 1857 Google Books</ref>
 
==Railways==
Agra was an important rail head, served by the [[East Indian Railway]], the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]], and by both broad and metre gauge lines of the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]].
====Stations====
[[Image:Agrastation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Agra Fort Station]]
[[Image:Agra 1938.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Agra rail connections, 1938]]
Agra has had a number of stations, the names of which changed over time.  Many are no longer operational. Known stations are:
*Agra Cantonment (BB&CIR, GIPR) - (became Idgah) in the centre of the city, along the Fatehpur Sikri Road
*Agra City (EIR, GIPR) - in the northern part of the city
*Agra East Bank (BB&CIR, EIR) - on the opposite side of the river to the Fort
*Agra Fort (BB&CIR, EIR, GIPR) - next to the Fort
*Agra Jail - (became Bilochpura) in the North West of the city, by the District Jail
*Agra Junction - (became Jumna/Yamuna Bridge) on the right bank of the Jumna river
*Agra Road (GIPR) - (became Agra Cantt) to the south west of the cantonment, near the Sadar Bazaar
*Alumganj 
*Belanganj (GIPR) 
*Drummond Road 
*Raja-ki-Mandi (GIPR) - in the northern part of the city
 
==Maps==
[http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~poyntz/India/images/Agra1893.jpg Agra and environs 1893] ancestry.com<br>
[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909/fullscreen.html?object=62 Map of Agra 1909] Imperial Gazetteer<br>
 
== External links ==
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_090.gif Agra City] Imperial Gazetteer<br>
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/ADA_AIZ/AGRA.html Agra] online 1911 Encylopedia Britannica
*[http://www.dioceseofagra.org/contactUs.htm Diocese of Agra, Church of North India] Dioceseofagra.org
*[http://sardhanachurch.org/theoldpalace.aspx The Church Basilica of Our Lady of Grace, Sardhana] The Old Palace of the Begum Sumru  served as a school at times, and it was with boys from here that St Peter’s College, Agra started as an orphanage in 1846. (retrieved 31 May 2014)
*[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-A.htm#Agra  RAF Agra] rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)
 
====Historical books online====
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbooktoenglis00dewauoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A hand-book to the English pre-mutiny records in the government record rooms of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by Douglas Dewar c 1919 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.262222/mode/2up ''Agra: A Gazetteer, being Volume VIII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh''] by H R Nevill 1905 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2960/mode/2up 2nd file]Archive.org.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Uw8oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58 "Mofussil Stations  No II - Agra"] page 58 ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', Vol 10, New Series, Jan-April 1833. Google Books
*''Bengal Catholic Herald Volume X 1846'' Google Books
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA171 page 171] Male Orphans belonging to the Army will be admitted at Saint John’s College Sirdanah. ([[Sardhana]], 22 km from [[Meerut]]).  Female Orphans will be admitted at Saint Mary’s Convent Agra.
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA366 (file) page 366] Female Orphanage at Agra
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6n9gT7k13T0C&pg=PA404 page 404] The establishment of a Female Orphanage at Agra, “for the support and education of the relict daughters of the brave European Catholic Soldiers, who fell victims of the loyalty and courage on the field of battle, during the late glorious Campaign of the Punjab”.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9HkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5  ''Anecdotes and Reminiscences of Service in Bengal''] [by A. L. M. Phillips (Alfred Lisle March Phillips) 1878] Google Books.  He arrived in India in 1846 and retired 1873. At the commencement of the Indian Mutiny, he was Magistrate and Collector of the [[Etah]] district.  Subsequently he was Magistrate and Collector of Agra and its district June 1857 to March 1863.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/370/mode/2up Agra] page 371 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/ahandbookforvis01keengoog ''A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighborhood''] by H G Keene  Fourth Edition, considerably enlarged and improved 1876 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/ahandbookforvis03keengoog Fifth Edition  1888] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96106 Sixth edition 1899] Archive.org. The was a Seventh edition titled ''Keene's Handbook for Visitors to Agra'' by E A  Duncan  1909, previously available at the  Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/handbooktoagrata00haveuoft ''A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood''] by E B Havell 1904 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208011 Second edition, revised 1912] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.528104/2015.528104.India-Of#page/n95/mode/2up  Agra] page 91 ''India of the Rajahs'' by Major S E G Ponder 1940 Archive.org,  Public Library of India Collection.
 
== References ==
<references />
 
 
 
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Latest revision as of 16:39, 14 March 2021

Agra
Presidency: Bengal
Coordinates: 27.179700°N 78.021400°E
Altitude: 171 m (561 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Agra
State/Province: Uttar Pradesh
Country: India
Transport links
Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
East Indian Railway
Great Indian Peninsula Railway

See page Agra Railways & Stations for details

FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Agra



Agra was the headquarters of Agra District in the Agra Division of United Provinces during the British period.

It is situated about 105 miles (170km) south-south-east of Delhi. As well as being the home of the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort, Agra is an important railhead and junction. The ancient Mughal capital Fatehpur Sikri is to the south west of the city.


FIBIS Resources


History

Administration

Agra Fort

The British took possession of Agra in 1803, and until 1829, the civil administration of the city was conducted by a Collector under the orders of the commissioners of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces. Between 1834 and 1836, Agra had its own Presidency, the Presidency of Agra, but this was abolished and the city was taken into the North-Western Provinces. The first Lieutenant-Governor installed there was Charles Metcalfe. Agra remained the seat of government for the province until 1858, when the administration was transferred to Allahabad. Ten years later, the High Court of Judicature followed.

In 1903, the North-Western Provinces were renamed the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (United Provinces for short) and under independant Indian rule this province became Uttar Pradesh.

Military

Social

Over three quarters of a million people, mostly Indians, died during the Agra famine of 1837–38 that hit the North-Western Provinces.

Churches and missions

St George's Church

Anglican

  • St George's, Cantonment - built 1828, consecrated 1835
    • The baptism, marriage and burial records for St George’s Church (now the Cathedral) are kept at the Diocesan Office, near St Paul’s Church. [1]
  • St John's Church, native church - built 1856, run by the Church Mission Society
  • St Mathias's Church, Agra Fort
  • St Paul's, Civil Lines - built 1855, run by the Church Mission Society

Roman Catholic

  • RC Cathedral, Civil Lines - built 1848, the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Agra
  • St Patrick's, Cantonment

Other denominations

Missions

  • Church Mission Society, St John's College
  • Baptist Mission
  • Methodist Mission

Cemeteries

List of cemeteries highlights various locations.

There are three active Christian cemeteries in Agra the Roman Catholic Cemetery near Bhagwan Talkies, another one near Tota Ka Taal, and the third being the Cantonment Cemetery. Locals call it “Gora Kabristan”.

Among the inactive cemeteries, there is the Protestant cemetery, now in ruined condition, attached to St. Paul’s Church. This was the burial ground of the old Dutch factory that once stood on the land now occupied by the Church. There is also the cemetery inside the Agra Fort, in an area occupied by the Indian Army, therefore out of bounds for tourists and visitors.[2]

Online records

  • See FIBIS Database for dataset of over 100 transcriptions and a few images.
  • See Cemeteries for links to Inscriptions from Agra Cemeteries in Online books.
  • BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia) cemetery publications are
    • Agra Cantonment Cemetery by Robin Volkers, 2001 A record of over 5,000 burials from 1806-1990s, including all existing MIs, with plot diagrams indicating the shape and location of the tombs. 697pp, 106 illustrations and plans
    • Agra St Paul's Cemetery by Robin Volkers, 2007 A record of burials from 1849-1958, monuments, wall tablets and inscriptions, including those at the nearby Tot ka Tal and Sikandra cemeteries. 102pp, 22 illustrations
    • Agra: Memorials of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception by Robin Volkers, 2012, 56pp. "This volume completes the author’s magisterial survey of the three most important cemeteries at Agra."
See BACSA Books.
BACSA have put the indexes to these cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service

Education

Colleges

  • Agra College - founded in 1823 with an endowment from the East India Company
  • St Peter's College - Roman Catholic institution, founded 1841 (wikipedia entry)
  • St John's College - founded by the Church Mission Society in 1850 (wikipedia entry)
  • Medical College - opened in 1855 for native hospital assistants

Schools

  • Victoria High School - founded in 1862
  • St George's High School for European children
  • Convent school for girls

Orphanages

  • The Roman Catholic Church ran two orphanages in Agra for European children, c 1857, St. Paul's for boys, and St. Patrick's for girls.[3]

Railways

Agra was an important rail head, served by the East Indian Railway, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, and by both broad and metre gauge lines of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway.

Stations

Agra Fort Station
Agra rail connections, 1938

Agra has had a number of stations, the names of which changed over time. Many are no longer operational. Known stations are:

  • Agra Cantonment (BB&CIR, GIPR) - (became Idgah) in the centre of the city, along the Fatehpur Sikri Road
  • Agra City (EIR, GIPR) - in the northern part of the city
  • Agra East Bank (BB&CIR, EIR) - on the opposite side of the river to the Fort
  • Agra Fort (BB&CIR, EIR, GIPR) - next to the Fort
  • Agra Jail - (became Bilochpura) in the North West of the city, by the District Jail
  • Agra Junction - (became Jumna/Yamuna Bridge) on the right bank of the Jumna river
  • Agra Road (GIPR) - (became Agra Cantt) to the south west of the cantonment, near the Sadar Bazaar
  • Alumganj
  • Belanganj (GIPR)
  • Drummond Road
  • Raja-ki-Mandi (GIPR) - in the northern part of the city

Maps

Agra and environs 1893 ancestry.com
Map of Agra 1909 Imperial Gazetteer

External links

Historical books online

References

  1. ↑ India List post by Robin Volkers October 2010
  2. ↑ "Agra's Roman Catholic Cemetery and the Red Taj Mahal" 14 January 2018 The Concrete Paparazzi.
  3. ↑ "Catholicity in India", page 394 The Rambler, Volume 7 1857 Google Books
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