Lahore

Lahore
Presidency: Bengal
Coordinates:	31.545073°N 74.340835°E
Altitude:	217 m (712 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name:	Lahore
State/Province:	Punjab
Country:	Pakistan
Transport links

FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing places of interest during the British period
Lahore

Lahore was the headquarters of Lahore District in the Lahore Division of Punjab Province during the British period. It was the capital of undivided Punjab until Partition in 1947 after which it became the capital of West Punjab in Pakistan.

History

1905 earthquake

• Lahore, page 131, Photographs of Lahore, rear of book, computer page 467 Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Volume XXXVIII The Kangra Earthquake of 4th April 1905 by CS Middlemiss, Superintendent, Geological Survey of India 1910, reprinted 1981 Archive.org
• Lahore and the 1905 [Kangra] earthquake, now archived, from Baduwi (1905): Index to Volume 1, now archived, from Roger Bilham’s website Earthquakes and Tectonic Plate motions

Spelling Variants

Modern spelling: Lahore
Variants: Lahaur

Churches

Lahore - Cathedral.jpg

Anglican

• Lahore Cathedral (Cathedral Church of Resurrection) - consecrated in 1887
• St Andrew's (The Railway Church) - built in 1899 to serve the Railway colony, near the North Western Railway Headquarters

Roman Catholic

• Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - built 1861
• Sacred Heart Cathedral - consecrated 1907, the seat of the Diocese of Lahore.
  • "The glorious edifice" by Marian Sharaf Joseph, January 27, 2015 You [Weekly] Magazine, part of the Jang Group, now an archived webpage.
• St Anthony's - also near the North Western Railway Headquarters on Empress Road

Education

Schools

• Convent of Jesus and Mary
• Queen Mary College
• Aitchison College Lahore, est 1886
• Picture of the teachers and students of St. Andrew School, Pakistan Railways (then NWR) at Lahore, set up in the late 19th century panoramio.com, now archived.

Colleges/University

Government College

• Government College (now University) (1864)
• Islamia College
• King Edward Medical College (now University)
• University of Punjab

Health

Hospitals

• Lady Aitchison Hospital
• Lady Willingdon Hospital Introduction - KEMU
• Mayo Hospital (1871)
• Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (1921)

Cemeteries

• Gora Kabristan
• The BACSA Archive at the British Library Mss Eur F370 has the following references to cemeteries in Lahore
  • 718 Lahore (General), Pakistan - Cathedral: inscriptions 1857 -1954 - New (Jail Road): 1923-, open
  • 719 Lahore Annex, Pakistan - Photos of registers
  • 720 Lahore Cantonment North, Pakistan - 1907-, open
  • 721 Lahore Cantonment South, Pakistan - Mian Mir: 1851-1944, closed
  • 722 Lahore Taxali Gate, Pakistan - 1849-, open
• Taxali Gate Cemetery in Lahore Indian-cemeteries.org, now archived.

"Lahore’s historic Taxali Gate Cemetery in shambles due to willful ignorance by authorities" by Madeeha Bakhsh 2 June 2018 christiansinpakistan.com, now archived.

Commercial

Banks

• The Australasia Bank (1942)
• Punjab National Bank (1895)

Buildings

• Lawrence Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library) Photograph
• Montgomery Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library)

Military

The Cantonment was situated 3 miles east of the civil station of Lahore and until 1906 was known as Mian Mir (alternative spelling Mean Meer, Meean Meer). This link, gives a description of Meean Meer c 1868, while this link mentions the clean up and change of name to Lahore Cantonments.

Prior to the establishment of Mian Mir, and perhaps concurrently with it, there was a a cantonment at Anarkali (Anarkili, Anarkullie, Annarkullie).

Lahore was the head-quarters of the Punjab Light Horse and of the 1st Punjab Volunteer Rifles. "A Beleaguered City" (kiplingsociety.co.uk), is a parody by Rudyard Kipling about the proximity of the firing range of the Punjab Volunteer Rifles to the Lawrence Hall Gardens.

RAF Lahore rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)

Photograph: Sir Michael O'Dwyer Institute for British Troops, Lahore c 1946 from the collection of James Wilson, Royal Artillery 500px.com

"Meean Meer" page 385 Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations 1864 Archive.org

Transport

Lahore - Railway Station.jpg

Railways

• Lahore Railway Station.
  • Photographs: Lahore Railway Station c 1880s oldindianphotos.in
  • Photograph: Lahore Railway station 1886 by John Burke from Imran H Khan’s page Photos of Old Pakistan, Planet Earth Blog

Lahore was the headquarters of North Western Railway. There were railway workshops and a railway colony.

Gardens and Parks

• Lawrence Gardens (1860) (now Bagh-e-Jinnah) - Article Montgomery Hall-Photo
• Minto Park (now Iqbal Park) near the Wall City, Fort and Badshahi Mosque.

Places of interest

Lahore Museum

Zamzama (Kim's Gun)

• Lahore Museum. The Mall Photo - 1900s
• Lahore Zoo (1872) The Mall. official website
• Zamzama Gun (Kim's Gun)

Monuments

• Walled City of Lahore
• Maryam Zamani (Begum shahi) Mosque (near Fort)
• Nawab Bahadur Khan's tomb. (used as a theater hall during the early period)
• Mahabat Khan's tomb and Boundary Wall, Baghbanpura (near Shalimar Gardens)
• Prince Perwaiz's tomb. Chah Miran area.
• Wazir Khan's Hammam
• Wazir Khan's Baradari (served as soldier's quarters until cantonment shifted to Mian Mir.) Behind Lahore Museum.

Protected Monuments

Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (2009)

The following are historical monuments protected during this era. The year is brackets is the year of their notification.

• Akbari Sarai and Mosque (1911)
• Anarkali's Tomb (1924) (serves at the Punjab Records Office since 1891) in Punjab Civil Secretariat.
• Asif Khan's tomb and compound (1911)
• Badshahi Mosque (1925)
• Buddhu's Tomb (1912) near Gulabi Bagh Gateway on Grand Trunk Road
• Chauburji (1913). Mozang
• Dai Anga's Mosque, Naulakha. (1913) (private residence of Mr. Henry Cone, editor of Lahore Chronicle. later sold to the Railways. restored as mosque in 1903)
• Dai Anga's Tomb (1913). behind Gulbai Bagh Gateway
• Gulabi Bagh Gateway (1913)
• Hazuri Bagh and Baradari (1913, 1924) Photo-1900s
• Jahangir's Tomb (1911)
• Lahore Fort (1920, 1924)
• Mirza Kamran's Baradari (1935)
• Tomb of Musa Ahangar, Mosque and House (1914). near Railway Station.
• Nur Jahan's tomb (1911)
• Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (1914)
• Roshnai Gate (1935) (part of the fortification wall)
• Shalimar Gardens (1913)
• Wazir Khan's Mosque (1925)

Statues

The following are some of the people whose statues were erected during the period. All except one has been removed from their original locations.

• Queen Victoria
• King Edward VII
• Lala Lajpat Rai
• Professor Alfred C. Woolner
• Sir Ganga Ram
• Sir John Lawrence

Maps

• Lahore Map 1893 from Wikipedia Commons
• Lahore Map 1912 from the Historical Maps of Asia Collection, University of Texas, Austin
• Lahore Map 1935 British Library Online Gallery
• Map of Lahore Fort 1905 British Library Online Gallery

Photographs

• Some old photographs of Lahore from Flickr
• Photos by Ghilzai - Lahore panoramio.com, now archived.

Biographies

Religious Leaders

• George Alfred Lefroy, Bishop of Lahore The Life and Letters of George Alfred Lefroy D.D., Bishop of Calcutta, and Metropolitan by H.H. Montgomery
• Thomas Valpy French, Bishop of Lahore An Heroic Bishop The Life Story of French of Lahore by Eugene Stock

External links

• Lahore City Imperial Gazetteer of India
  
• "'A Feeling of Absence from Old England:' the Colonial Bungalow" by William J Glover. Home Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1 pages 61-82 2004(?), now an archived webpage. Contains references to Lahore from page 3 of the pdf. “By the late nineteenth century, Lahore was a desirable posting for European officers and civilians due to its large size, moderate climate, and relatively cosmopolitan range of institutions and activities.”
• "My memories of Lahore" by Reginald Massey, born 1932. indiaofthepast.org. He attended Saint Anthony's School, run by the Irish Christian Brothers.
• "Lahore: Blood on the Tracks" by William Dalrymple 1997. travelintelligence.com, now archived. Based on the script of Blood on the Tracks, the first episode of the Channel 4 series Stones of the Raj 1997

Historical books online

• "Lahore City", pages 37-40 and "Lahore Cantonment", page 40 from Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States, 1908 Archive.org
• Gazetteer of the Lahore District : 1883-4. A volume in the series Punjab District Gazetteers. Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Also available Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India
• Gazetteer of the Lahore District : 1893-94. A volume in the series Punjab District Gazetteers. Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Also available Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
• Punjab District Gazetteers Vol.30A Lahore District 1918 Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
• "Topographical and Sanitary Report on the Station of Meean Meer" by Dr T G Scot, 79th Highlanders, page 367 Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1861 (published 1863) Google Books
• "Lahore Central Jail", page 95 from Professional papers on Indian engineering, Volume 5 1868 Google Books
• The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Valpy French, first Bishop of Lahore by the Rev Herbert Birks 1895 Volume I, Volume II Archive.org

An Heroic Bishop: the Life Story of French of Lahore by Eugene Stock 2nd edition 1914 (first published 1913) Archive.org

• Report on the measures taken against malaria in the Lahore (Mian Mir) Cantonment, 1909 by R. Nathan, H.B. Thornhill, L. Rogers 1910 Archive.org
• "Lahore District" page 89 A list of inscriptions on Christian tombs or monuments in the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Kashmir and Afghanistan possessing historical or archaeological interest Part 1 by Miles Irving (1910) Hathi Trust Digital Library
• Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans by C C James 1917 Archive.org
• Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette 1919 Archive.org
• Old Lahore: Reminiscences of a Resident by Colonel H R Golding, including an Historical and Descriptive Account by the late T H Thornton, BCS. 1924. Choice of digital files: Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India; Archive.org version 2, mirror from Digital Library of India. Also available on the Panjab Digital Library.
• Indian Dust being letters from the Punjab by Philip Ernest Richards 1932 Archive.org. The author was appointed Professor of English Literature to the Dyal Singh College at Lahore in 1911. He died of acute enteric in 1920.
• "Lahore" page 91 The Fortified Cities of India by Sidney Toy 1965. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
• Lahore page 150 A Traveler's Tale : Memories of India by Enid Saunders Candlin 1974. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. The author’s husband was a metallurgist/chemical engineer who worked in India 1941-46.
• From Kashmir to Kabul: The photographs of John Burke and William Baker 1860-1900 by Omar Khan 2002. Download from Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). Includes chapters and photographs about Lahore, Peshawar, Murree, Kashmir, the Second Afghan War.