Miscellaneous tips

A collection of miscellaneous tips and tricks not covered in other articles that might help you with your research.

Access some subscription websites with a Library Card

• There are a number of websites including Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, The [London] Times Digital Archive 1785-1985, The Illustrated London News 1842-2003, 19th Century UK Periodicals and other newspaper sites, JSTOR (many journals), which may help you in your research, where access is restricted . Card holders of participating Libraries including the following National Libraries (noting there is generally a residential requirement) Scotland, Wales, Australia, State Library of NSW, and many University Libraries can access some, or all of these websites, generally remotely on their own computers. Many of these websites including ECCO may also be accessed from the British Library Reading Rooms and the National Library of Ireland Reading Room. Also see Subscription websites-online newspapers, journals and directories

• In England, a Borough or County Library Card may enable you to access The Times remotely but probably not other historical newspaper sites. However, enquire what is available to you both from your local library and the libraries of surrounding boroughs as what is on offer can differ widely and membership requirements are usually easily met. Popular choices available online include The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and Who's Who & Who Was Who. Other subscription sites may be available from terminals in the library itself e.g. Ancestry - this may sound restrictive but, if you already subscribe at a base level, may be useful for consultation when you want to look up a source restricted to premium subscribers.

As an example, Suffolk Libraries shows the databases available to the users of the more than 40 local libraries of Suffolk County Council. Ancestry and findmypast are available but must be accessed in a local library, while other databases are available on home computers.

Many larger local libraries in Australia provide access for residents, to websites such as Ancestry and findmypast.

• Card holders of the State Library of Victoria, Australia are able to access digitised records from The National Archives, Kew, on their home computers, without charge. This service only applies to residents of Victoria.

• The libraries of many genealogical societies provide free member access to websites such as Ancestry and findmypast. Enquire what other services are offered. As an example, the Society of Australian Genealogists in Sydney, NSW Australia, provides access in its library, to downloads free of charge of digitised records from The National Archives, Kew.

Access some articles in the JSTOR subscription website for free

JSTOR is a not-for-profit organisation which provides access to scholarly journals, primary sources, and books.
In addition to access through the British Library, or through some library cards, (such as those issued by the National Libraries of Scotland, Wales and Australia)-enquire at your local library as to what is available, some items may be accessed for free, on your home computer, up to six items from the archive every month. More details are in the article How to register & get free access to content. Note that during covid restrictions the free limit has increased to 100 per month, and this remains the situation currently (March 2023).
Browse the titles of the Journals and books available in the JSTOR website. Includes a Search facility. Note however, that previously not all articles were available under the free scheme, and this is probably the current situation.
An example of an article available is "Real Incomes of the British Middle Class, 1760-1850: The Experience of Clerks at the East India Company" by H. M. Boot The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Nov., 1999), pp. 638-668

Access an obsolete website in the Wayback Machine at archive.org

• Go to https://web.archive.org and type in the website link [URL] you require in "Browse History".

See the Wayback Machine explained in the video Navigating the Internet Archive by Alexis Rossi from 2021 RootsTech, FamilySearch, available as a YouTube video.

• A helpful website which has closed is regiments.org, here is the archived site at January 2008. This is the Regiments page, the Numeric list of British Army Regiments page and the British Army 1881 Regiments page; An overview of the South Asian Armies page, Alphabetic Index,South Asia page and Numeric index, South Asia page

Capture a web page in the Wayback Machine at archive.org

• Perhaps you may want to “capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future”. For example, you may want to save a web page which has a family history reference. Use this archive.org link and select Save Page Now

Does not apply to all websites. Read the Help articles about the Wayback Machine for more details.

Find the meaning of words used in India

• Hobson-Jobson: the Anglo-Indian dictionary by Henry Yule, Arthur Coke Burnell, William Crooke.
• The Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge: A Companion to "The Hand-book of British India." by Joachim Hayward Stocqueler 1848, Full View Google Books
• Early Modern India: a Select Glossary from South Asia study resources compiled by Frances Pritchett, Columbia University
• This Glossary is from the British Empire website
• Glossary to The History of the British Empire in India by Edward Thornton 1859. Google Books
• A-I Vocabulary: A lexicon of long-forgotten Anglo-Indian words www.tapmal.com, now an archived webpage
• Askew's Glossary of
 Victorian Colonial Terminology includes a section on 'British Colonial Military Terms and Soldier Slang' and 'India and the Northwest Frontier'. Now an archived website.
• Dictionary: Language of the Camp. Army Hindustani and Other Soldier Slang by Charles Tustin Kamps 2022. Archive.org
• A description of coins, weights and measures in use in Madras c 1832. The terms for weights are pollum, vis, maund, candy, and for grain puddy or seer, marcal and kallum. For cloth, terms are mollum or cubit. Page 179 T‪he Travels of Rabbi David D'Beth Hillel: From Jerusalem, Through Arabia, Koordistan, Part of Persia, and India to Madras by‬ Rabbi David D'Beth Hillel 1832 Google Books.

The Anglo-Hindoostanee Handbook; or, Stranger’s Self-Interpreter and Guide to Colloquial and General Intercourse with the Natives of India1850 Google Books. Contents Includes Vocabulary, Monetary System, Weights, Linear Measures etc.

Also see Merchant

• For some quantities used in recipes, see Food and Drink.
• A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms. See Dictionaries online

Convert a date which has used the Bengali Calendar

• Bengali Calendar Wikipedia

Convert prices to present day values

• Currency converter: 1270–2017 The National Archives, Kew. Convert British currency from past dates to present values.

Find an exchange rate

Indian currency to British currency.

• Prior to 1871, 1 rupee was equal to two shillings (24 pence), so there were 10 rupees to the pound.
• An old page from Wikipedia History of the rupee, accessed 30 August 2013 contains the following data

Rupee exchange rate in pence

1871–1872: 23 ⅛

1875–1876: 21⅝

1879–1880: 20

1883–1884: 19½

1887–1888: 18⅞

1890–1891: 18⅛

1891–1892: 16¾

1892–1893: 15

Source: B.E. Dadachanji. History of Indian Currency and Exchange, 3rd enlarged ed. (Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co, 1934), p. 15.

Note: This book is available Archive.org version, together with the 1927 edition Archive.org version, both mirrors from Digital Library of India.

• "In 1899 it was fixed at 1s. 4d [16 pence] and in 1927 at 1s. 6d. [18 pence]".

Translate from another language, including Latin, into English

Baptismal, Marriage, Burial and Will records

• Genealogical Word Lists FamilySearch Wiki. Various countries.
• Use Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alternatively, Google using the search term Wiktionary. As an example, if you want to know the meaning of the Latin word consueverunt use the search terms consueverunt latin Wiktionary.
• Dorchester & Fordington Glossary. Index of Terms used in 17th & 18th Century Wills, Inventories and other Documents. Includes Latin terms and Latin versions of Christian names. Some of the Glossary is specific to a UK geographical region, however there is much general information.
• Also see the Fibiwiki page Non-British Ancestors. The page French also contains some Latin resources.

General

• Perhaps you have found a webpage which is not in English. You can obtain a computer produced translation of non English wording using Google Translate, or some browsers such as Google Chrome have an automatic option to translate webpages. If you don't use Chrome, you can also enter a website URL (link) to Google Translate, and the entire webpage will be translated (although there may be errors).
• Another translation option is DeepL Translator which some consider more accurate than Google.

Find out the meaning of an archaic medical term

Useful for interpreting the cause of death on a burial record or the medical conditions on a soldier's service record.

• Glossary of Medical Terms used in the 18th and 19th Centuries from Craig Thornber’s History of Medicine
• Genealogy Quest-Glossary of Terms-Diseases
• Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms, antiquusmorbus.com now an archived website. A Glossary of Archaic Medical Terms, Diseases and Causes of Death by Rudy Schmidt. For medical terms in other languages, see German, French which also includes Latin terms, and Dutch.
  • List of Alcohol & Drug Related Diseases, now an archived webpage from an alternative website archaicmedicalterms.com. Includes ebriosity, or the variant ebriositas (seen mis-transcribed ebriositis): partial intoxication; habitual drinking to excess.
  • List of Heart & Stroke Related Causes of Death
• Old Medical terms for use by Genealogists Rootsweb page, archived.
• Heatstroke was also known as sunstroke, and occasionally as insolation or siriasis.
• International Classification of Diseases for death certificates. Data from 1900 currently (2023/01). wolfbane.com
• A Dictionary of Medical Science by Robley Dunglison. Varying titles over time. Most editions contain the wording "Carefully revised and greatly enlarged" (or similar). One of the sources used in "Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms", see earlier item above.

1833, 2nd edition, 1839, 3rd edition, 1842, 4th edition, 1844, 5th edition 1845, 6th edition, 1846, 7th edition 1848, 1857, 1860, 1866, 1868, 1874, 21st edition 1893, 23rd edition 1903 All Archive.org.

There are a few additional editions on Archive.org, currently all were published in the 1850s.

• Appleton's Medical Dictionary 1904, 1915, 1916 Archive.org

Find out the meaning of an archaic occupation

• Old Occupation Names Hall Genealogy Website. Also contains links to other sites
• Old occupations & terms English Family Tree Association, now archived. For some of the internal links, you need to look for earlier archived dates, these are A-C, D-F, G-I, J-L,M-P, Q-S, T-Z
• Dictionary of Old Occupations: A-Z Index familyresearcher.co.uk
• Obscure Old English Census Occupations worldthroughthelens.com
• London Census 1891 Transcription A collection of the occupations or job descriptions of the people living in London in the 1890's. census1891.com
• A Dictionary of Occupational Terms Based on the Classification of Occupations used in the Census of Population, 1921 by Ministry of Labour HMSO 1927. doot.spub.co.uk. Also available on Archive.org
• FamilySearch Wiki pages:

Category:England Occupations This is the most extensive page; Category:Ireland Occupations; Category:Scotland Occupations; Category:Wales Occupations.

• In both the British and Indian Armies, the word/occupation provisioner means "a supplier of victuals or supplies to an army, sutler..."

Interpret personal name abbreviations used in records

• Abbreviations Lists for Personal Names (English) FamilySearch Wiki

Images of some old handwritten abbreviation examples by John Empoliti. Click on images and open in new window to engage or direct link. From FamilySearch Community topic "I do not know what to do with name abbreviations".

Read inscriptions at a cemetery

• YouTube videos by Pumpkintown Primitives, David Gillespie
  • "Best trick EVER to read old Gravestones given by a stone carver!" Part 1, Part 2 The "mirror trick" which requires sunny conditions.
  • MUST watch before cleaning Gravestones, by a Stone Carver What not to do.

Read old handwriting

See Fibiwiki article Reading old handwriting

Search online genealogical records using wildcards

Many, but not all, online genealogical databases may be searched using wildcards, in an attempt to find relevant records where the spelling has changed over time, or where records have been mis-transcribed.
Typically the wildcard * is used to replace one or more letters in a name or keyword, while ? replaces a single letter.

• "Maximise search returns with wildcards" 12 April 2016 Findmypast blog (pay website). See Findmypast.
• "Searching with Wild Cards" Ancestry (pay website).
• "Searching with Wildcards in FamilySearch" April 10, 2014. FamilySearch Blog. See FamilySearch.

For other genealogical websites, look at sections such as FAQ, Help, Tips etc to see whether wildcard searching is possible, and conditions applying.
Currently (2020/10/14) wild card searching is not available on the GRO website for England and Wales births and deaths.

Date family photographs

• Findmypast has a series of blogs about how to date family photographs by Jayne Shrimpton. Also browse using the various categories of tags such as jayne shrimpton, ask the photo expert, family photos etc. However, the articles currently available appear limited. Archived versions of the webpage contain many additional posts. Select different dates archived for possible additional entries. Some posts can be navigated through this archived link, clicking where appropriate on "older posts".

"30 Tips for Using Family Photos for Genealogy" by Jane Shrimpton 05 May 2017. Findmypast.

TechTips

• Videos of Past Sessions of RootsTech for 2022 and 2021 (at time of posting 2022 April). FamilySearch website. Prior years are no longer available, due to the belief the sessions were out of date on the technology being taught. Rootstech is the FamilySearch annual conference. Contains videos relating to Apps etc.
• FamilySearch TechTips Blog Archives FamilySearch website. Use the Blog Search.
• Comments by Sherry Morgan April 30, 2013 FamilySearch website. "I use photo editing software for documents as much as for restoring photos and one can do some decent work with a free program called Irfanview. I use it frequently at our Family History Center after scanning microfilm or microfiche to clean up or an all over brighten or darken and contrast to better define old handwriting".
• "Did You Make This Common Mistake When Scanning Your Family Photos? (Here’s How To Fix It!)" by Thomas Watson and Craig Collett 2 March 2016. savefamilyphotos.com. How to add metadata, or information about your photos to scans of family photos.

Google Search tips

• How to use search like a pro: 10 tips and tricks for Google and beyond by Samuel Gibbs 15 January 2016 The Guardian
• Google Advanced Search: https://www.google.com/advanced_search

Use transcription aids

Use Speech Recognition or Dictation applications

Speech (or voice) recognition or dictation applications/software may be an aid if you are transcribing a document, or recording other information.
You may need to ensure the microphone option is turned on. These mobile applications perhaps could be useful for recording information for cemetery transcriptions.
Your computer may contain a "Dictation" or similar option. As an example, for Apple Macs, choose Apple () , then System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Dictation. Note however the Apple Mac option does not recognise some voices and will not work at all in these cases.

Scan and edit a document using OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

• OCR anything with OneNote 2007 and 2010. howtogeek.com. OneNote 2010 is included with all edition of Microsoft Office 2010 except for Starter edition. OneNote 2007 is included with Office 2007 Home and Student, Enterprise, and Ultimate.

Books

Search for a Library which holds a book you want to read

• Worldcat.org.
• Library Hub Discover Search a database of 169 [at 2020/10/14] UK and Irish academic, national & specialist library catalogues. An expansion of the previous Copac and SUNCAT services. Includes a keyword search.
• Trove for Australia. (National Library of Australia)

Search for books on a particular topic

• See the Library Hub Discover Search above.
• Bibliography of British and Irish History (BBIH), previously called the Royal Historical Society Bibliography on British History may be of use if you are researching a particular topic and wish to find books written about the topic. As an example, entering East India Company produced over a thousand results, mainly books and articles written in the last forty years. This is now accessed through a subscription service, but is available free at the British Library as part of the Electronic databases available in the Library's Reading Rooms

Search for an author's real name

• A Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain by Samuel Halkett and James Laing. 1882-1888.

Volume 1 Vol 2, Vol 3, Vol 4. All Archive.org

Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature. New and enlarged editions based on the previously mentioned volumes, by James Kennedy, W A Smith and A F Johnson, 7 volumes 1926-1934. Volumes 8 and 9 by Dennis E Rhodes and Anna E C Simoni.

Vol 1 A-C (Book title); Vol 2 D-G; Vol 3 H-L; Vol 4 M-P, Vol 5 Q-S; Vol 6 T- Y; Vol 7 Index [of authors] and 2nd Supplement, 2nd Index; Vol 8 1900-1950 1956; Vol 9 additions for all periods to 1950 1962. All Archive.org.

• Dictionary of pseudonyms and pen-names : a selection of popular modern writers in English by Frank Atkinson 1975. Archive.org Books to Borrow.
• Handbook of pseudonyms and personal nicknames. First Supplement by Harold S Sharp 1975.Volume I A-J Volume II K-Z Archive.org Books to Borrow.
• Who was who among English and European authors 1931-1949 published 1978. Gale Composite Biographical Dictionary Series Number 2.

Volume 1 A-F, Volume 2 G-M, Volume 3 N-Z Archive.org Books to Borrow. Includes pseudonyms and other author details.

Copy Information from Full View Google Books

Refer Google Books

Use the Virtual Magnifier option

• Setting up and using Magnifier support.microsoft.com
• How to Use Zoom, Apple's Built-In Screen Magnifier lifewire.com
• Virtual Magnifying Glass magnifier.sourceforge.net

For Fibiwiki editors

• Oocities.org This website was set up in 2009 to preserve content from the closed website "geocities.com". It may be possible to recreate a link from geocities.com
• Intellectual property – guidance: Changes to copyright law by Intellectual Property Office. Last updated: 18 November 2014. gov.uk