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{{Locations_Infobox
{{Locations_Infobox
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|presidency= [[Bengal (Presidency)|Bengal]]
|image=
|image=Lahore Museum 2005.jpg
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=31.545073,74.340835&z=16&t=h&hl=en 31.545073°N 74.340835°E]  
|coordinates=[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?ll=31.545073,74.340835&z=16&t=h&hl=en 31.545073°N 74.340835°E]  
|altitude=217 m (712 ft)  
|altitude=217 m (712 ft)  
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore Lahore]
|presentname= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore Lahore]
|stateprovince= [[Punjab]]
|stateprovince= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan) Punjab]
|country= [[Pakistan]]
|country= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan  Pakistan]
}}
}}
'''Lahore''' was the capital of undivided [[Punjab]] until Partition in 1947, after which it became the capital of West Punjab in [[Pakistan]].
{{Places of Interest|title=Lahore|name=Lahore |link=http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=211401480495186034184.0004bb47a271c2d44b688&ie=UTF8&t=m&z=14&vpsrc=1}}
 
'''Lahore''' was the headquarters of [[Lahore District]] in the [[Lahore Division]] of [[Punjab|Punjab Province]] during the British period.
It was the capital of undivided [[Punjab]] until Partition in 1947 after which it became the capital of West Punjab in [[Pakistan]].


==History==
==History==
===1905 earthquake===
*[http://archive.org/stream/memoirsofgeologi38geol#page/130/mode/2up Lahore], page 131, [http://archive.org/stream/memoirsofgeologi38geol#page/n467/mode/2up Photographs of Lahore], rear of book, computer page 467 ''Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Volume XXXVIII The Kangra Earthquake of 4th April 1905'' by CS Middlemiss, Superintendent, Geological Survey of India 1910, reprinted 1981 Archive.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006053803/http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/Baduwi1905.html#anchor1977088 Lahore and the 1905 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Kangra<nowiki>]</nowiki> earthquake], now archived,  from [https://web.archive.org/web/20131006053803/http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/Baduwi1905.html Baduwi (1905): Index to Volume 1], now archived,  from [http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/ Roger Bilham’s website Earthquakes and Tectonic Plate motions]


==Places of interest==
== Spelling Variants ==
[[Image:Lahore_Museum_2005.jpg|thumb|200px|Lahore Museum]]
Modern spelling: Lahore<br>
* Walled City of Lahore
Variants: Lahaur
* [[Lahore Fort]]
* Lahore Museum


==Churches==
==Churches==
[[Image:Lahore - Cathedral.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Lahore - Cathedral.jpg]]
'''Anglican'''
'''Anglican'''
*Lahore Cathedral (Cathedral Church of Resurrection) - consecrated in 1887
*Lahore Cathedral (Cathedral Church of Resurrection) - consecrated in 1887
*St Andrew's (The Railway Church) - built in 1899 to serve the Railway colony, near the [[North Western Railway]] Headquarters
*St Andrew's (The Railway Church) - built in 1899 to serve the Railway colony, near the [[North Western Railway]] Headquarters
*St Anthony's - also near the North Western Railway Headquarters on Empress Road


'''Roman Catholic'''
'''Roman Catholic'''
*Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - built 1861
*Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - built 1861
*Sacred Heart Cathedral - consecrated 1907, the seat of the Diocese of Lahore
*Sacred Heart Cathedral - consecrated 1907, the seat of the Diocese of Lahore.
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20150127054247/http://magazine.thenews.com.pk/mag/detail_article.asp?id=10048&magId=1 "The glorious edifice"]  by Marian Sharaf Joseph, January 27, 2015  ''You [Weekly] Magazine'', part of the Jang Group, now an archived webpage.
*St Anthony's - also near the North Western Railway Headquarters on Empress Road


==Education==
==Education==
===Schools===
====Schools====
* Convent of Jesus and Mary
* Convent of Jesus and Mary
* Queen Mary College
* Queen Mary College
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitchison_College  Aitchison College Lahore, est 1886]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170519215908/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/54984118  Picture of the teachers and students of St. Andrew School, Pakistan Railways (then NWR) at Lahore, set up in the late 19th century] panoramio.com, now archived.


===Colleges/University===
====Colleges/University====
[[Image:Lahore_GCU_Tower.jpg|thumb|150px|Government College]]  
[[Image:Lahore_GCU_Tower.jpg|thumb|150px|Government College]]  
* Government College (now University) (1864)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_College_University_Lahore  Government College (now University) (1864)]
* Islamia College
* Islamia College
* King Edward Medical College (now University)
* King Edward Medical College (now University)
* University of Punjab
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab  University of Punjab]
 
==Health==
====Hospitals====
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Aitchison_Hospital Lady Aitchison Hospital]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Willingdon_Hospital Lady Willingdon Hospital] [http://www.kemu.edu.pk/lady-willingdon-hospital.html Introduction - KEMU]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_Hospital Mayo Hospital] (1871)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Ganga_Ram_Hospital_(Pakistan) Sir Ganga Ram Hospital] (1921)


==Cemeteries==
==Cemeteries==
* [[Gora Kabristan, Lahore|Gora Kabristan]]
*[[Gora Kabristan, Lahore|Gora Kabristan]]
 
*The [[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia|BACSA]] Archive at the British Library Mss Eur F370 has the following references to  cemeteries in Lahore
**718 Lahore (General), Pakistan - Cathedral: inscriptions 1857 -1954 - New (Jail Road): 1923-, open
**719 Lahore Annex, Pakistan - Photos of registers
**720 Lahore Cantonment North, Pakistan - 1907-, open
**721 Lahore Cantonment South, Pakistan - Mian Mir: 1851-1944, closed
**722 Lahore Taxali Gate, Pakistan - 1849-, open
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160909102057/http://indian-cemeteries.org/cemetery_details.asp?town=Lahore&cem=Taxali%20Gate%20Cemetery Taxali Gate Cemetery in Lahore] Indian-cemeteries.org, now archived.
:[https://web.archive.org/web/20180609142512/https://www.christiansinpakistan.com/lahores-historic-taxali-gate-cemetery-in-shambles-due-to-willful-ignorance-by-authorities/ "Lahore’s historic Taxali Gate Cemetery in shambles due to willful ignorance by authorities"] by Madeeha Bakhsh  2 June  2018 christiansinpakistan.com, now archived.


==Commercial==
==Commercial==
===Banks===
====Banks====
* The Australasia Bank (1942)
* The Australasia Bank (1942)
* Punjab National Bank (1895)
* Punjab National Bank (1895)


==Buildings==
* Lawrence Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library) [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sarfrazh/2599957383/ Photograph]
* Montgomery Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library)


==Military==
==Military==
The '''Cantonment''' was situated 3 miles east of the civil station of Lahore and until 1906 was known as Mian Mir (alternative spelling Mean Meer, Meean Meer)
The '''Cantonment''' was situated 3 miles east of the civil station of Lahore and until 1906 was known as Mian Mir (alternative spelling Mean Meer, Meean Meer). This [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianracingremi00haye#page/4/mode/2up link],<ref> [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianracingremi00haye#page/4/mode/2up  ''Indian Racing Reminiscences''], page 5 by M. Horace Hayes 1883 Archive.org</ref> gives a  description of Meean Meer c 1868, while this [http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofi00westuoft#page/140/mode/2up link]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofi00westuoft#page/140/mode/2up ''Reminiscences of an Indian Cavalry Officer''], page 140 by John Sutton Edward Western 1922 Archive.org </ref> mentions the clean up and change of name to Lahore Cantonments.
 
Prior to the establishment of Mian Mir, and perhaps concurrently with it, there was a a cantonment at Anarkali (Anarkili,  Anarkullie, Annarkullie).
 
Lahore was the head-quarters of the [[Punjab Light Horse]] and of the [[Punjab Rifles|1st Punjab Volunteer Rifles]].<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n72/mode/1up ''Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States''], page 40 1908 Archive.org</ref>    [http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/poems_beleaguered.htm "A Beleaguered City"] (kiplingsociety.co.uk), is a parody by Rudyard Kipling  about the proximity of the firing range of the Punjab Volunteer Rifles to the Lawrence Hall Gardens.
 
[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-L.htm#Lahore  RAF Lahore] rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)


Lahore was the head-quarters of the [[Punjab Light Horse]] and of the [[Punjab Rifles|1st Punjab Volunteer Rifles]].<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n72/mode/1up ''Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States''], page 40 1908 Archive.org</ref>    [http://www.emule.com/2poetry/phorum/read.php?4,12692 "A Beleagured City"],is a parody by Rudyard Kipling  about the proximity of the firing range of the Punjab Volunteer Rifles to the Lawrence Hall Gardens
[https://500px.com/photo/23071753/sir-michael-o'dwyer-institute-for-british-troops-lahore-india-1946-by-scott-mcculloch Photograph: Sir Michael O'Dwyer Institute for British Troops, Lahore] c 1946 from the collection of  James Wilson, Royal Artillery 500px.com


[https://archive.org/stream/b21452404#page/384/mode/2up  "Meean Meer"] page  385 ''Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations'' 1864 Archive.org


==Transport==
==Transport==
===Railways===
[[Image:Lahore - Railway Station.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Lahore - Railway Station.jpg]]
*Lahore Railway Station
====Railways====
*Lahore Railway Station.
**[http://www.oldindianphotos.in/2012/09/lahore-railway-station-c1880s.html Photographs: Lahore Railway Station c 1880s] oldindianphotos.in
**[http://imranhkhan.com/wp-content/gallery/oldpakistan/photo21.jpg Photograph: Lahore Railway station 1886] by John Burke from  Imran H Khan’s page Photos of Old Pakistan, Planet Earth Blog


Lahore was the headquarters of [[North Western Railway]]. There were railway workshops and a railway colony.
Lahore was the headquarters of [[North Western Railway]]. There were railway workshops and a railway colony.


==Gardens and Parks==
* Lawrence Gardens (1860) (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah Bagh-e-Jinnah]) -  [http://pakistaniat.com/2006/07/29/guest-post-lawrence-gardens-lahore/ Article] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/8984406@N07/5342042351/ Montgomery Hall-Photo]
* Minto Park (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqbal_Park Iqbal Park]) near the Wall City, Fort and Badshahi Mosque.
==Places of interest==
[[Image:Lahore_Museum_2005.jpg|thumb|200px|Lahore Museum]]
[[Image:Lahore_Kims_Gun.jpg|thumb|200px|Zamzama (Kim's Gun)]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Museum Lahore Museum]. The Mall [http://www.flickr.com/photos/8984406@N07/5342652396/in/photostream/ Photo - 1900s]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Zoo Lahore Zoo] (1872) The Mall. [http://www.lahorezoo.com.pk/ official website]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamzama Zamzama Gun] (Kim's Gun)
===Monuments===
* Walled City of Lahore
* Maryam Zamani (Begum shahi) Mosque (near Fort)
* Nawab Bahadur Khan's tomb. (used as a theater hall during the early period)<ref>Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 101</ref>
* Mahabat Khan's tomb and Boundary Wall, Baghbanpura (near Shalimar Gardens)
* Prince Perwaiz's tomb. Chah Miran area.
* [[Mughal_Empire#Wazir|Wazir]] Khan's Hammam
* Wazir Khan's Baradari (served as soldier's quarters until cantonment shifted to Mian Mir.) Behind Lahore Museum.<ref>Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 70</ref>
====Protected Monuments====
[[Image:Lahore_Qutbuddin_Aibak_Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|200px|Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (2009)]]
The following are historical monuments protected during this era. The year is brackets is the year of their notification.
* Akbari Sarai and Mosque (1911)
* Anarkali's Tomb (1924) (serves at the Punjab Records Office since 1891) in Punjab Civil Secretariat.<ref>Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 57</ref>
* Asif Khan's tomb and compound (1911)
* Badshahi Mosque (1925)
* Buddhu's Tomb (1912) near Gulabi Bagh Gateway on [[Grand Trunk Road]]
* Chauburji (1913). Mozang
* Dai Anga's Mosque, Naulakha. (1913) (private residence of Mr. Henry Cone, editor of Lahore Chronicle. later sold to the Railways. restored as mosque in 1903)<ref>Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 73</ref>
* Dai Anga's Tomb (1913). behind Gulbai Bagh Gateway
* Gulabi Bagh Gateway (1913)
* Hazuri Bagh and Baradari (1913, 1924) [http://www.flickr.com/photos/8984406@N07/5342652338/in/photostream/ Photo-1900s]
* Jahangir's Tomb (1911)
* [[Lahore Fort]] (1920, 1924)
* Mirza Kamran's Baradari (1935)
* Tomb of Musa Ahangar, Mosque and House (1914). near Railway Station.
* Nur Jahan's tomb (1911)
* Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (1914)
* Roshnai Gate (1935) (part of the fortification wall)
* Shalimar Gardens (1913)
* [[Mughal_Empire#Wazir|Wazir]] Khan's Mosque (1925)


==Statues==
====Statues====
The following are some of the people whose statues were erected during the period. All except one has been removed from their original locations.
The following are some of the people whose statues were erected during the period. All except one has been removed from their original locations.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom Queen Victoria]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom Queen Victoria]
Line 71: Line 148:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_Ram Sir Ganga Ram]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_Ram Sir Ganga Ram]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Lawrence Sir John Lawrence]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Lawrence Sir John Lawrence]


==Maps==
==Maps==
[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/lahore_1912.jpg  Lahore Map 1912] from the  Historical Maps of Asia Collection, University of Texas, Austin
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1893_Map_of_Lahore.jpg Lahore Map 1893] from Wikipedia Commons
* [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/lahore_1912.jpg  Lahore Map 1912] from the  Historical Maps of Asia Collection, University of Texas, Austin
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/asia/ioruxu9442.html  Lahore Map 1935] British Library Online Gallery
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/asia/ioruxu9441.html Map of Lahore Fort 1905] British Library Online Gallery


==Photographs==
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/8984406@N07/with/5342652338/ Some old photographs of Lahore] from Flickr
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161104040017/http://www.panoramio.com/user/4789607/tags/Lahore?photo_page=1  Photos by Ghilzai - Lahore] panoramio.com, now archived.


==References==
===Biographies===
<references/>
====Religious Leaders====
* George Alfred Lefroy, Bishop of Lahore [http://anglicanhistory.org/india/lefroy_montgomery/ The Life and Letters of George Alfred Lefroy D.D., Bishop of Calcutta, and Metropolitan] by H.H. Montgomery
* Thomas Valpy French, Bishop of Lahore [http://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/index.html An Heroic Bishop The Life Story of French of Lahore] by Eugene Stock


==External links==
==External links==
[http://www.tcaup.umich.edu/workfolio/glover.pdf "'A Feeling of Absence from Old England:' the Colonial Bungalow"] by William J Glover. ''Home Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1'' pages 61-82 2004(?). Contains references to Lahore from page 3 of the pdf. “By the late nineteenth century, Lahore was a desirable posting for European officers and civilians due to its large size, moderate climate, and relatively cosmopolitan range of institutions and activities.”  
*[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_111.gif Lahore City] Imperial Gazetteer of India<br>
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060913012017/http://www.tcaup.umich.edu/workfolio/glover.pdf "'A Feeling of Absence from Old England:' the Colonial Bungalow"] by William J Glover. Home Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1 pages 61-82 2004(?), now an archived webpage. Contains references to Lahore from page 3 of the pdf. “By the late nineteenth century, Lahore was a desirable posting for European officers and civilians due to its large size, moderate climate, and relatively cosmopolitan range of institutions and activities.”
*[http://www.indiaofthepast.org/contribute-memories/read-contributions/life-back-then/375-my-memories-of-lahore  "My memories of Lahore"]  by Reginald Massey, born 1932.  indiaofthepast.org.  He attended Saint Anthony's School, run by the Irish Christian Brothers.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121230043249/http://www.travelintelligence.com:80/travel-writing/lahore-blood-tracks  "Lahore: Blood on the Tracks"] by William Dalrymple 1997. travelintelligence.com, now archived. Based on the script of ''Blood on the Tracks'', the first episode of the Channel 4 series ''Stones of the Raj'' 1997


===Historical books online===
====Historical books online====
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n69/mode/1up "Lahore City"], pages 37-40  and [http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n72/mode/1up "Lahore Cantonment"], page 40 from ''Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States'', 1908 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n69/mode/1up "Lahore City"], pages 37-40  and [http://www.archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n72/mode/1up "Lahore Cantonment"], page 40 from ''Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States'', 1908 Archive.org
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/P7NCNQHSTSOVNS5A45K47XEB5NA4RNPG ''Gazetteer of the Lahore District : 1883-4'']. A volume in the series ''Punjab District Gazetteers''.  [[Online books#Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek| Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek]]. Also available  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35249 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/CMKHX5WP2U2D5UNPG7XIUU5PFG3K7TMX ''Gazetteer of the Lahore District : 1893-94''].  A volume in the series ''Punjab District Gazetteers''.                            [[Online books#Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek| Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek]]. Also available  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105616 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
* ''Punjab District Gazetteers Vol.30A Lahore District 1918'' [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105618 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=StsSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA367 "Topographical and Sanitary Report on the Station of Meean Meer"] by Dr T G Scot, [[79th Regiment of Foot|79th Highlanders]], page 367 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1861'' (published 1863)  Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA95 "Lahore Central Jail"], page 95 from ''Professional papers on Indian engineering, Volume 5 1868'' Google Books
*''The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Valpy French, first Bishop of Lahore'' by the Rev Herbert Birks 1895 [https://archive.org/details/lifecorresponden01birk Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/lifecorresponden02birk Volume II] Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/heroicbishoplife00stoc ''An Heroic Bishop: the Life Story of French of Lahore''] by Eugene Stock 2nd edition 1914 (first published 1913) Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b21351569 ''Report on the measures taken against malaria in the Lahore (Mian Mir) Cantonment, 1909'']  by R. Nathan, H.B. Thornhill, L. Rogers 1910 Archive.org
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2740836?urlappend=%3Bseq=111 "Lahore District"] page 89 ''A list of inscriptions on Christian tombs or monuments in the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Kashmir and Afghanistan possessing historical or archaeological interest Part 1'' by Miles Irving (1910) Hathi Trust Digital Library
*[https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0001/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>''] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and '''Lahore'''”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. [https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0002/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans''] by C C James 1917 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=OVTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA95 "Lahore Central Jail"], page 95 from ''Professional papers on Indian engineering, Volume 5 1868'' Google Books
*''Old Lahore: Reminiscences of a Resident'' by Colonel H R Golding, including an ''Historical and Descriptive Account'' by the late T H Thornton, BCS. 1924. Choice of digital files:  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77317 Archive.org version], mirror from Digital Library of India;  [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208589 Archive.org version 2], mirror from Digital Library of India.  Also available on the [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=3306&page=48&CategoryID=1 Panjab Digital Library].
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.8925/page/n3/mode/2up ''Indian Dust being letters from the Punjab''] by Philip Ernest Richards 1932 Archive.org. The author was appointed Professor of English Literature to the Dyal Singh College at Lahore in 1911. He died of acute enteric in 1920.
*[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/90 "Lahore"] page 91 ''The Fortified Cities of India'' by Sidney Toy 1965.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/travelerstalemem0000cand/page/150 Lahore] page 150 ''A Traveler's Tale : Memories of India'' by Enid Saunders Candlin 1974. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. The author’s husband was a metallurgist/chemical engineer who worked in India 1941-46.
*[http://pahar.in/pahar/2002-from-kashmir-to-kabul-the-photographs-of-john-burke-and-william-baker-1860-1900-by-khan-pdf/  ''From Kashmir to Kabul: The photographs of John Burke and William Baker 1860-1900''] by Omar Khan 2002. Download from Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset (MCADD). Includes chapters and photographs about [[Lahore]],  [[Peshawar]], [[Murree]], [[Kashmir]], the [[2nd Afghan War| Second Afghan War]].
 
==References==
<references/>


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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Bengal Presidency]]

Latest revision as of 10:46, 10 January 2023

Lahore
Presidency: Bengal
Coordinates: 31.545073°N 74.340835°E
Altitude: 217 m (712 ft)
Present Day Details
Place Name: Lahore
State/Province: Punjab
Country: Pakistan
Transport links
FibiWiki Maps
See our interactive map of this location showing
places of interest during the British period
Lahore



Lahore was the headquarters of Lahore District in the Lahore Division of Punjab Province during the British period. It was the capital of undivided Punjab until Partition in 1947 after which it became the capital of West Punjab in Pakistan.

History

1905 earthquake

Spelling Variants

Modern spelling: Lahore
Variants: Lahaur

Churches

Lahore - Cathedral.jpg

Anglican

  • Lahore Cathedral (Cathedral Church of Resurrection) - consecrated in 1887
  • St Andrew's (The Railway Church) - built in 1899 to serve the Railway colony, near the North Western Railway Headquarters

Roman Catholic

  • Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - built 1861
  • Sacred Heart Cathedral - consecrated 1907, the seat of the Diocese of Lahore.
    • "The glorious edifice" by Marian Sharaf Joseph, January 27, 2015 You [Weekly] Magazine, part of the Jang Group, now an archived webpage.
  • St Anthony's - also near the North Western Railway Headquarters on Empress Road

Education

Schools

Colleges/University

Government College

Health

Hospitals

Cemeteries

  • Gora Kabristan
  • The BACSA Archive at the British Library Mss Eur F370 has the following references to cemeteries in Lahore
    • 718 Lahore (General), Pakistan - Cathedral: inscriptions 1857 -1954 - New (Jail Road): 1923-, open
    • 719 Lahore Annex, Pakistan - Photos of registers
    • 720 Lahore Cantonment North, Pakistan - 1907-, open
    • 721 Lahore Cantonment South, Pakistan - Mian Mir: 1851-1944, closed
    • 722 Lahore Taxali Gate, Pakistan - 1849-, open
  • Taxali Gate Cemetery in Lahore Indian-cemeteries.org, now archived.
"Lahore’s historic Taxali Gate Cemetery in shambles due to willful ignorance by authorities" by Madeeha Bakhsh 2 June 2018 christiansinpakistan.com, now archived.

Commercial

Banks

  • The Australasia Bank (1942)
  • Punjab National Bank (1895)

Buildings

  • Lawrence Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library) Photograph
  • Montgomery Hall (now part of Quaid-e-Azam Library)

Military

The Cantonment was situated 3 miles east of the civil station of Lahore and until 1906 was known as Mian Mir (alternative spelling Mean Meer, Meean Meer). This link,[1] gives a description of Meean Meer c 1868, while this link[2] mentions the clean up and change of name to Lahore Cantonments.

Prior to the establishment of Mian Mir, and perhaps concurrently with it, there was a a cantonment at Anarkali (Anarkili, Anarkullie, Annarkullie).

Lahore was the head-quarters of the Punjab Light Horse and of the 1st Punjab Volunteer Rifles.[3] "A Beleaguered City" (kiplingsociety.co.uk), is a parody by Rudyard Kipling about the proximity of the firing range of the Punjab Volunteer Rifles to the Lawrence Hall Gardens.

RAF Lahore rafweb.org (retrieved 1 July 2014)

Photograph: Sir Michael O'Dwyer Institute for British Troops, Lahore c 1946 from the collection of James Wilson, Royal Artillery 500px.com

"Meean Meer" page 385 Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Sanitary State of the Army in India : with Abstract of Evidence, and of Reports Received from Indian Military Stations 1864 Archive.org

Transport

Lahore - Railway Station.jpg

Railways

Lahore was the headquarters of North Western Railway. There were railway workshops and a railway colony.

Gardens and Parks

Places of interest

Lahore Museum
Zamzama (Kim's Gun)

Monuments

  • Walled City of Lahore
  • Maryam Zamani (Begum shahi) Mosque (near Fort)
  • Nawab Bahadur Khan's tomb. (used as a theater hall during the early period)[4]
  • Mahabat Khan's tomb and Boundary Wall, Baghbanpura (near Shalimar Gardens)
  • Prince Perwaiz's tomb. Chah Miran area.
  • Wazir Khan's Hammam
  • Wazir Khan's Baradari (served as soldier's quarters until cantonment shifted to Mian Mir.) Behind Lahore Museum.[5]

Protected Monuments

Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (2009)

The following are historical monuments protected during this era. The year is brackets is the year of their notification.

  • Akbari Sarai and Mosque (1911)
  • Anarkali's Tomb (1924) (serves at the Punjab Records Office since 1891) in Punjab Civil Secretariat.[6]
  • Asif Khan's tomb and compound (1911)
  • Badshahi Mosque (1925)
  • Buddhu's Tomb (1912) near Gulabi Bagh Gateway on Grand Trunk Road
  • Chauburji (1913). Mozang
  • Dai Anga's Mosque, Naulakha. (1913) (private residence of Mr. Henry Cone, editor of Lahore Chronicle. later sold to the Railways. restored as mosque in 1903)[7]
  • Dai Anga's Tomb (1913). behind Gulbai Bagh Gateway
  • Gulabi Bagh Gateway (1913)
  • Hazuri Bagh and Baradari (1913, 1924) Photo-1900s
  • Jahangir's Tomb (1911)
  • Lahore Fort (1920, 1924)
  • Mirza Kamran's Baradari (1935)
  • Tomb of Musa Ahangar, Mosque and House (1914). near Railway Station.
  • Nur Jahan's tomb (1911)
  • Qutbuddin Aibak's Tomb (1914)
  • Roshnai Gate (1935) (part of the fortification wall)
  • Shalimar Gardens (1913)
  • Wazir Khan's Mosque (1925)

Statues

The following are some of the people whose statues were erected during the period. All except one has been removed from their original locations.

Maps

Photographs

Biographies

Religious Leaders

External links

  • Lahore City Imperial Gazetteer of India
  • "'A Feeling of Absence from Old England:' the Colonial Bungalow" by William J Glover. Home Cultures Volume 1 Issue 1 pages 61-82 2004(?), now an archived webpage. Contains references to Lahore from page 3 of the pdf. “By the late nineteenth century, Lahore was a desirable posting for European officers and civilians due to its large size, moderate climate, and relatively cosmopolitan range of institutions and activities.”
  • "My memories of Lahore" by Reginald Massey, born 1932. indiaofthepast.org. He attended Saint Anthony's School, run by the Irish Christian Brothers.
  • "Lahore: Blood on the Tracks" by William Dalrymple 1997. travelintelligence.com, now archived. Based on the script of Blood on the Tracks, the first episode of the Channel 4 series Stones of the Raj 1997

Historical books online

An Heroic Bishop: the Life Story of French of Lahore by Eugene Stock 2nd edition 1914 (first published 1913) Archive.org

References

  1. ↑ Indian Racing Reminiscences, page 5 by M. Horace Hayes 1883 Archive.org
  2. ↑ Reminiscences of an Indian Cavalry Officer, page 140 by John Sutton Edward Western 1922 Archive.org
  3. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States, page 40 1908 Archive.org
  4. ↑ Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 101
  5. ↑ Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 70
  6. ↑ Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 57
  7. ↑ Nadiem, Ihsan H. "Historic Landmarks of Lahore An Account of Protected Monuments" Lahore: Sang-e-Meel 2006 ISBN 969-35-1869-1 pg 73

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