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===Brief History===
===Brief History===
"The Dutch sent their first fleet to the East in 1595. Being commercial realists they went straight to the source of the spice trade in the East Indies, established themselves at Batavia (now, as previous to their arrival, called Jakarta), and proceeded to oust the Portuguese. Then they established a chain of posts through Ceylon and Capetown to connect themselves with their home base and proceeded to develop a great Asian network of trade by which they planned to earn resources needed to purchase spices without drawing on the silver bullion which was in chronic short supply in northern Europe. India came within their purview only as a link in their great commerical chain. It was a source of textiles for sale in the East Indies in exchange for spices while the extreme south and Ceylon were valuable for their own supplies of pepper, cardamom and cinnamon. The Dutch had 'factories' or warehouses as far north as Agra but they took no part in politics or cultural contacts. Their eccentric tombs at Surat and their factories at Cochin and Negapatam are their principal memorials in India. Only in Ceylon did they exercise dominion in the plains from Colombo and leave a living memorial in the Burgher community."<ref> Spear, ''A History of India'' (Volume Two) (1978) pp.65-68 </ref>
"The Dutch sent their first fleet to the East in 1595. Being commercial realists they went straight to the source of the spice trade in the East Indies, established themselves at Batavia (now, as previous to their arrival, called Jakarta), and proceeded to oust the Portuguese. Then they established a chain of posts through Ceylon and Capetown to connect themselves with their home base and proceeded to develop a great Asian network of trade by which they planned to earn resources needed to purchase spices without drawing on the silver bullion which was in chronic short supply in northern Europe. India came within their purview only as a link in their great commerical chain. It was a source of textiles for sale in the East Indies in exchange for spices while the extreme south and Ceylon were valuable for their own supplies of pepper, cardamom and cinnamon. The Dutch had 'factories' or warehouses as far north as Agra but they took no part in politics or cultural contacts. Their eccentric tombs at Surat and their factories at Cochin and Negapatam are their principal memorials in India. Only in Ceylon did they exercise dominion in the plains from Colombo and leave a living memorial in the Burgher community."<ref> Spear, ''A History of India'' (Volume Two) (1978) pp.65-68 </ref>
"It is noticeable that the best jobs, merchants, administrators and
ships officers were nearly all of Dutch origin, but that the more
marginal roles as sailors, (who could expect to return home every two
years or so) and even less popular jobs as soldiers, who would
probably struggle to get home after ten or more years, if ever, came
from further afield", many of [[German]] origin from parts of
Western Germany.<ref>Balmer, Nick. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709055054/https://groups.io/g/india-british-raj/message/585  VOC Records] ''<nowiki>india-british-raj@groups.io</nowiki>'' 7 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</ref>


===Individuals===
===Individuals===
An example of a  Dutchman who ended up in Bengal was Johan Jacob Hoff .  A Dutch book states he had joined the VOC in 1788. He went from Holland to the Dutch East Indies for the Chamber of Enkhuizen with the vessel Maria Carolina.  Having arrived at Batavia, Hoff was sent to Malacca where he served as a “second chirurgeon.” In 1795 he was taken prisoner by the English in Malacca at Pera; together with the garrison stationed there, he was sent to Bengal. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=agJXAAAAMAAJ&q=Hoff+inauthor:Pieter+inauthor:Van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Kemp&dq=Hoff+inauthor:Pieter+inauthor:Van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Kemp&hl=en&ei=A-AvTbRAi71xh9SI8wc&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ    ''Het Nederlandsch-Indisch bestuur in het midden van 1817, naar oorspronkelijke stukken''] by Pieter Hendrik van der Kemp 1915 Google Books (snippet view); pages 216 and 217, translated by Leo Janssen. The book by Van der Kemp deals with the period of 1817 and the complications with respect to the cession of the former Dutch possessions in Bengal according to the Treaty of London of 1814. Details provided by Mary McPherson (<nowiki>marymac129@btinternet.com</nowiki>) who is researching a man named Johann Jacob Hoff, possibly the man mentioned in the book. The book is available at the [[British Library]] together with many other books by the author including ''De administratie der geldmiddelen van Neerl.-Indië. (Alphabetisch Register, etc.)''.</ref>
An example of a  Dutchman who ended up in Bengal was Johan Jacob Hoff .  A Dutch book states he had joined the VOC in 1788. He went from Holland to the Dutch East Indies for the Chamber of Enkhuizen with the vessel Maria Carolina.  Having arrived at Batavia, Hoff was sent to Malacca where he served as a “second chirurgeon.” In 1795 he was taken prisoner by the English in Malacca at Pera; together with the garrison stationed there, he was sent to Bengal. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=agJXAAAAMAAJ&q=Hoff+inauthor:Pieter+inauthor:Van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Kemp&dq=Hoff+inauthor:Pieter+inauthor:Van+inauthor:der+inauthor:Kemp&hl=en&ei=A-AvTbRAi71xh9SI8wc&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ    ''Het Nederlandsch-Indisch bestuur in het midden van 1817, naar oorspronkelijke stukken''] by Pieter Hendrik van der Kemp 1915 Google Books (snippet view); pages 216 and 217, translated by Leo Janssen. The book by Van der Kemp deals with the period of 1817 and the complications with respect to the cession of the former Dutch possessions in Bengal according to the Treaty of London of 1814. Details provided by Mary McPherson (<nowiki>marymac129@btinternet.com</nowiki>) who is researching a man named Johann Jacob Hoff, possibly the man mentioned in the book. The book is available at the [[British Library]] together with many other books by the author including ''De administratie der geldmiddelen van Neerl.-Indië. (Alphabetisch Register, etc.)''.</ref>


Also see [[Dutch#FIBIS resources|FIBIS resources]], below.
Some Scots are stated to have served with the Dutch East India Company.<ref>
[https://flemish.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/2015/11/13/migration-from-scotland-before-1700/ "Migration from Scotland before 1700"] by David Dobson
 November 2015. st-andrews.ac.uk. Includes a very brief statement "Scots soldiers and sailors served in the armies of the Netherlands and in their fleets, as well as those of the Dutch East India Company  … in the Early Modern Period."</ref>
==FIBIS resources==
*"The Origins of Johann Jacob Hoff:  my ancestor in the Dutch East India Company" by Mary McPherson ''FIBIS Journal Number 31 (Spring 2014)'', pages 30 -35.  For access, see [[FIBIS Journals]]


== Church Records ==
== Church Records ==
'''See also  general article: [[Church records]]'''
'''See also  general article: [[Church records]]'''


If your ancestors were baptised, married or buried in a European church in British India, then the church records should have been transcribed and sent to the capital of the Presidency, where they would later have been forwarded on to London. These records were indexed and about 80% of church records in British India are believed to have survived. You can access these records at the [[British Library]], or at [[LDS]] [[Family History Centres]].  
If your ancestors were baptised, married or buried in a European church in British India, then the church records should have been transcribed and sent to the capital of the Presidency, where they would later have been forwarded on to London. These records were indexed and about 80% of church records in British India are believed to have survived. You can access these records at the [[British Library]], or at [[LDS]] [[Family History Centres]]. Moreover many of the church records have now been didigitsed and are held on the subscription website [http://www.awin1.com/awclick.php?mid=2114&id=201071/ findmypast]


However, your Dutch ancestors may not have lived in British India (i.e. that portion of India that was controlled by the British - this grew from a very small area in 1600 to almost all of India by 1947). In this case, the church records will not be kept at the British Library.  
However, your Dutch ancestors may not have lived in British India (i.e. that portion of India that was controlled by the British - this grew from a very small area in 1600 to almost all of India by 1947). In this case, the church records will not be kept at the British Library.  


The Dutch Churchbook of [[St Francis Church, Cochin]] has been microfilmed by the [[LDS]] and is available at [[LDS]] [[Family History Centres]] on microfilm '''498601'''. A transcribed index of the names in this book, together with dates of death, can be seen on the [http://web.archive.org/web/20040314182003/http://www.geocities.com/tijso/cochin/index.htm Archived Cochin Churchbook website] The dates of death cover the period 1751-1804
The Dutch Churchbook of [[St Francis Church, Cochin]] has been microfilmed by the [[LDS]] and is available at [[LDS]] [[FamilySearch Centres]] as a digitised  microfilm '''498601''', [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/154421 catalogue entry]. A transcribed index of the names in this book, together with dates of death, can be seen on the [http://web.archive.org/web/20040314182003/http://www.geocities.com/tijso/cochin/index.htm Archived Cochin Churchbook website] The dates of death cover the period 1751-1804


===Cemeteries===
===Cemeteries===


[[BACSA]] have transcribed and published Bimlipatam Christian Cemeteries which contain British and Dutch tombs from the 17th century.  
[[BACSA]] have transcribed and published Bimlipatam Christian Cemeteries which contain British and Dutch tombs from the 17th century.  
Other BACSA  holdings at the British Library comprise lists of Dutch graves and miscellaneous papers relating to genealogical sources. These are itemised in the [http://bacsa.frontisgroup.com/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=179&s_id=86 BACSA online database]
Other BACSA  holdings at the British Library comprise lists of Dutch graves and miscellaneous papers relating to genealogical sources. These are itemised in the [http://bacsa.frontis.co/bin/index.php BACSA online database]


[http://databases.tanap.net/ead/html/LondonBL_1/ Dutch Records from Malacca in the India Office Records] Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
[http://databases.tanap.net/ead/html/LondonBL_1/ Dutch Records from Malacca in the India Office Records] Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
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*[[Sadras]]
*[[Sadras]]


[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mars1940/sets/72157622742474621/ Photographs taken in Dutch Cemeteries in India] flickr.com


== Associations ==
''Monumental remains of the Dutch East India Company in the Presidency of Madras'', by Alexander Rea, originally published 1897, is available online, refer Historical books online, below.


*If you had Dutch ancestors who lived in India, a useful association is the Dutch Indies Genealogical Association. Although their main focus is what is now called Indonesia, the [[Dutch Indies Genealogical Association]] can also help with Dutch genealogy in India.
The book ''In Memoriam Burma-Siam 1942-1945'', published in Bangkok in 1946 (Dutch language) in respect of Dutch war graves is available at the British Library UIN: BLL01011257081 , and also at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah -  [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/4286496 catalogue entry with details of contents].  Also at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1037473 catalogue entry] for ''[List of deceased World War Two-era Dutch military personnel in Burma and Siam]'', 1946, Dutch language,  source Nederlandsch Hoofdkwartier Bangkok, Kantoor Personeele Zaken Afd. Inlichtingen Overledenen (Dutch Headquarters Bangkok, Office Personnel Affairs Dept. Information Deceased).
* [http://www.dutchburgherunion.org/ Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon] - Website contains much information including journals containing various family history [http://www.dutchburgherunion.org/journals/vol_31_40/JDBU%20Vol%2040%20No%202%20-%201950%281%29.pdf Example]


== Books ==
== Records at the National Archives of the Netherlands==
*[http://www.gahetna.nl/ National Archives of the Netherlands] - website can be accessed in [http://www.gahetna.nl/en English]. Contains records relating to men of the Dutch East India Company.


The following are books relating to the Dutch in India :  
*Located in the same building as the National Archives at The Hague but a separate organization, is the 'Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie' (Central Bureau for Genealogy - CBG), the Dutch information and documentation centre for genealogy, family history and related sciences. Researchers visiting this centre found some copies of  records relating to British [[Ceylon]] christenings.<ref> Andresen, Larry & Coreen [https://web.archive.org/web/20200122062739/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/srilanka.rootsweb.com/thread/4877182/  British Ceylon christening records in The Hague] ''Rootsweb Srilanka Mailing List'',  01 January 2007  and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235255/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/srilanka.rootsweb.com/thread/4837756/ 02 January 2007], now archived</ref>


''De Nederlanders in Voor-Indië''
Refer [[Dutch#External links|External links below]] for  both organisations.
by Terpstra, H. and Kernkamp, J.H. Published in 1947 in Amsterdam by P. N. van Kampen & Zoon


''The Dutch in India''
== Associations ==
By Owen C. Kail. Hardcover edition (1981).  
*If you had Dutch ancestors who lived in India, a useful association is the Indische Genealogische Vereniging (IGV) or Dutch Indies Genealogical Association. Although their main focus is what is now called Indonesia, the [[Dutch Indies Genealogical Association]] can also help with Dutch genealogy in India. The Fibiwiki page includes a research guide from the IGV and details of historical genealogy publications containing records, available to buy (Dutch language).
 
* [http://www.dutchburgherunion.org/ Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon] - Website contains much information including journals containing various family histories [http://www.dutchburgherunion.org/journals/vol_31_40/JDBU%20Vol%2040%20No%202%20-%201950%281%29.pdf Example]
''Precious Metals and Commerce : The Dutch East India Company in the Indian Ocean Trade''
By Om Prakash. Hardcover edition (1994).


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Commerce and trade reading list]]
*[[Commerce and trade reading list]]
*[[Bencoolen]]
*[[Chinsura]]
*[[Chinsura]]
 
*[[Dutch Indies Genealogical Association]]
==Notes==
*[[Indonesia]]
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
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*[http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/introduction.cfm TANAP] a website about the Archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie), 1602-1796. Includes  a page about the holdings at the [http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/archives.cfm?ArticleID=202 Tamil Nadu Archives] in Madras. (For more details about the latter archives, refer [[Indian Libraries and Archives]])
*[http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/introduction.cfm TANAP] a website about the Archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie), 1602-1796. Includes  a page about the holdings at the [http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/archives.cfm?ArticleID=202 Tamil Nadu Archives] in Madras. (For more details about the latter archives, refer [[Indian Libraries and Archives]])
**Various [http://www.tanap.net/content/voc/archnl/archnl_depart.htm muster and other records for the years 1700 [1720<nowiki>]</nowiki>-1791] for regions such as [http://www.tanap.net/content/voc/appendices/establishments.htm Bengal, Coromandel, Malabar] are available at the [http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/archives.cfm?ArticleID=209 National Archives of the Netherlands (Nationaal Archief)] in The Hague
**Various [http://www.tanap.net/content/voc/archnl/archnl_depart.htm muster and other records for the years 1700 [1720<nowiki>]</nowiki>-1791] for regions such as [http://www.tanap.net/content/voc/appendices/establishments.htm Bengal, Coromandel, Malabar] are available at the [http://www.tanap.net/content/archives/archives.cfm?ArticleID=209 National Archives of the Netherlands (Nationaal Archief)] in The Hague
*[http://vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl/?lang=en VOC-Sea Voyagers] from the Nationaal Archief (National Archives of the Netherlands) contains a searchable database which is a comprehensive index of ships’ pay-ledgers. The ship's pay-ledgers form the basis of the personnel-administration of the 'VOC' or Dutch East India Company. For each departing ship all employees sailing with her were registered, amounting to some 655.000 persons over the period 1700-1794.
*[http://www.academia.edu/1787722/_Gold-Leaf_Flattery_Calcuttan_Dust_and_a_Brand_New_Flagpole._Five_Little-Known_VOC_Collections_in_Asia_on_India_and_Ceylon_Itinerario_36_1_2012_  "Gold-Leaf Flattery, Calcuttan Dust, and a Brand New Flagpole: Five Little-Known VOC Collections in Asia on India and Ceylon"] by Lennart Bes ''Itinerario''  Volume 36  Issue 01  April 2012,  pp 91 - 106.
**This [http://vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl/Inleiding.aspx?p=2 page] describes the four categories of sea-voyagers and states that the soldiers were mainly from [[German|Germany]]
*[http://en.nationaalarchief.nl  Nationaal Archief (National Archives of the Netherlands)]
*India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2013-03/1364206453 25 March 2013 post] about the Dutch website <nowiki>https://www.wiewaswie.nl</nowiki> and [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2013-03/1364308720 26 March 2013 post] about the Dutch National Archives
:[https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/overzicht-van-archieven-over-de-voc-in-het-nationaal-archief#collapse-5951 "Overzicht van archieven over de VOC in het Nationaal Archief"] Includes Databases.
*[https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/12087 ''Fort Cochin in Kerala 1750-1830 : the social condition of a Dutch community in an Indian milieu'' ] by Anjana Singh  June 2007 Leiden University [Digital] Repository
:[https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/scheepswrakken Page with details of the Archives] including
*A [http://www.weeklyvoice.com/headlines/napoleons-soldiers-in-maharaja-ranjit-singhs-army review] of the book ''The Lion’s Firanghis: Europeans at the Court of Lahore'' by Bobby Singh Bansal 2010 "By the 1830s a multifarious array of [[French]], [[German|Prussian]], Spanish, Dutch and Italian officers had descended on the Anglo-Punjab frontier, hoping to enlist in the services of the opportunistic Maharajah…" Available  through  Amazon.co.uk from the [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/0956127010 FIBIS Shop]
:*[https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.04.02 1.04.02 Inventaris van het archief van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC), 1602-1795 (1811)]
*[http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/ Official website of the Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project] includes [http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/press/paper_20080527_history_of_the_dutch_and_dutch_eurasians_in_malaysia.html  History of the Dutch and Dutch-Eurasians in Malaysia]
: There are a number of '''databases''' relevant to India, including under the headings  Oost-Indië, and VOC.
*[http://home.alphalink.com.au/~agilbert/carton.html "Beyond "Cotton Mary": Anglo-Indian Categories and Reclaiming the Diverse Past"] by Adrian Carton ''The International Journal of Anglo-Indian Studies'' Volume 5, Number 1, 2000. Includes mention of the Dutch  in India.
:*In particular [https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en/research/index/nt00444?searchTerm=    '''VOC: Opvarenden''']  (English version) Searchable database. From the [https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/index/nt00444?searchTerm= Dutch version] there is a [https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/voc-opvarenden Research guide in Dutch] consisting of an Introductory section and four additional sections. Use  [https://translate.google.com.au Google Translate], unless your web browser automatically performs this function.
::As far as can be determined the above database is the current version (at 2019/11) of a previous Nationaal Archief separate website "VOC-Sea Voyagers" which advised it was  a searchable free database which was a comprehensive index of ships’ pay-ledgers. The ship's pay-ledgers form the basis of the personnel-administration of the 'VOC' or Dutch East India Company. For each departing ship all employees sailing with her were registered, amounting to some 655.000 persons over the period 1700-1794. There were four categories of sea-voyagers and there was a statement that the soldiers were mainly from German-speaking areas. The previous website is available [https://web.archive.org/web/20170114183520/http://vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl/ archived] in Dutch including [https://web.archive.org/web/20161227172844/http://vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl/Inleiding.aspx Inleiding] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20161227172844/http://vocopvarenden.nationaalarchief.nl/Inleiding.aspx Wat vind ik in de database?]  Use Google Translate.
::[https://dutchshipsandsailors.nl Dutch Ships and Sailors] Includes VOC. Includes databases to Search. dutchshipsandsailors.nl
::There is a database on Ancestry <ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/61290/ Netherlands, Dutch East India Company Crew Index, 1633-1795] Ancestry. The source is stated to be a database VOC-Opvarenden from WieWasWie (a pay website).</ref> (pay website) which is believed to be the above database, although Ancestry does not credit the Nationaal Archief as the source.
:Also see the website TANAP above for more details of records at the Nationaal Archief.
:[http://dissertationreviews.org/archives-verenigde-oost-indische-compagnie-hague/ Dutch East India Company Archives] by Jurre Knoest. A review of The Archives of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) (Dutch East India Company) kept at the National Archives (The Hague, The Netherlands) Undated. dissertationreviews.org
:[https://web.archive.org/web/20190418125051/http://www.gahetna.nl/en/externe_onderzoekers Independent research at the Nationaal Archief] [paid research] Archived link at 18 April 2019 from the now archived Nationaal Archief website gahetna.nl
*[https://www.openarch.nl/indexen/ openarchives] "search the genealogical data of Dutch and Belgian archives". Includes the collection "Dutch East India Company Members (1699-1794)" from the [Dutch] National Archives, together with other records.  openarch.nl . Website in English. Free website provided by Coret Genealogy.
*[https://www.wiewaswie.nl Wie Was Wie] Similar to a Dutch Findmypast<ref>Dent, Gearoidin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190522142736/https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/india.rootsweb.com/thread/521198/ Christoffel Jochem Salder] ''Rootsweb India Mailing List'',  25 March 2013, archived.</ref>. Pay website with free searches.
*[https://cbg.nl CBG : Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis], formerly called  Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie (CBG) (Central Bureau for Genealogy). Dutch language.
*[http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11102 ''The Dutch East India Company and the Straits of Malacca, 1700-1784 : trade and politics in the eighteenth century''] by Dianne Lewis 1970 PhD Thesis Australian National University. Link to a download ANU.
*[http://hdl.handle.net/1887/12087 ''Fort Cochin in Kerala 1750-1830 : the social condition of a Dutch community in an Indian milieu''] by Anjana Singh. June 2007 Doctoral thesis,  Leiden University [Digital] Repository. Subsequently published in the series TANAP monographs on the history of the Asian-European interaction ; v. 13.
**[http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue17/pdf/v9n1a07.pdf Article about the thesis/book] by Markus Vink  ''e-JPH'', Vol. 9, number 1, Summer 2011 brown.edu.
**[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-dutch-who-stayed-back/article782720.ece  "The Dutch who stayed back"] by  K. Pradeep March 1, 2010 ''The Hindu''.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150928085840/http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/ Official website of the Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project], now archived, includes [https://web.archive.org/web/20150119021413/http://www.dutchmalaysia.net:80/lang_en/press/paper_20080527_history_of_the_dutch_and_dutch_eurasians_in_malaysia.html  History of the Dutch and Dutch-Eurasians in Malaysia], now archived. A history has been published.<ref>[http://www.nutmegpublishing.com/hotdim.html ''History of the Dutch in Malaysia'' by Dennis De Witt]. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01015564894 </ref>
*[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/madras-miscellany/article4252833.ece "Madras Miscellany"] by S. Muthiah December 30, 2012 ''The Hindu'' Scroll down for "Getting to know Castle Geldria", in Pulicat. The Dutch presence on the Coromandel.  
*[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/madras-miscellany/article4252833.ece "Madras Miscellany"] by S. Muthiah December 30, 2012 ''The Hindu'' Scroll down for "Getting to know Castle Geldria", in Pulicat. The Dutch presence on the Coromandel.  
*[http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/centuries-old-dutch-heritage-still-visible-india "Centuries-old Dutch heritage still visible in India"]  by Johan van Slooten 25 October 2011 Radio Netherlands Worldwide
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140306054626/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/centuries-old-dutch-heritage-still-visible-india "Centuries-old Dutch heritage still visible in India"]  by Johan van Slooten 25 October 2011 Radio Netherlands Worldwide, now an archived webpage.
*[https://sharedcemeteries.net/en/ Shared Cemeteries] is  about (former Dutch) funerary heritage all over the world. Includes [https://sharedcemeteries.net/en/india/introduction India: Introduction], or access India from the menu across the top of the page.
*Dutch language aids
*Dutch language aids
**[https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/The_Netherlands  The Netherlands] includes [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Netherlands_Language_and_Languages  Netherlands Language and Languages] Family Search (LDS)  Wiki
**[https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/The_Netherlands  The Netherlands] includes [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Netherlands_Language_and_Languages  Netherlands Language and Languages] FamilySearch (LDS)  Wiki
**Rudy Schmidt’s [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/International/Dutch.htm Dutch/English Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms]
*:[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/beginner-dutch-handwriting-quirks-dutch-names Beginner Dutch Handwriting Series] with links to 18 Lessons. With a [https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/85/b7/526bbf1f403d91ac8948adc4d2ce/reading-dutch-records-d-jones.pdf written handout] by Daniel R Jones 10/2019. FamilySearch Help Center/Lessons.
*:[https://www.familysearch.org/indexing/help#/ FamilySearch Indexing Help] then select "Language Resources and Handwriting Helps"/Dutch
**[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-dutch-documents-pages/the-dutch-documents(english) Script Tutorial:  Dutch Documents] Brigham Young University
**Rudy Schmidt’s [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116104152/http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/International/Dutch.htm Dutch/English Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms], now archived.
===Historical books online===
===Historical books online===
*[https://archive.org/details/freedomofseasorr1916grot  ''The freedom of the seas : or, The right which belongs to the Dutch to take part in the East Indian trade'']  A dissertation by Hugo Grotius ; translated with a revision of the Latin text of 1633 by Ralph Van Deman Magoffin ; edited with an introductory note by James Brown Scott. 1916 Archive.org.  A publication of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of International Law.
*[https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_7oFZAAAAYAAJ#page/n323/mode/2up "The Management of the Dutch in India",  page 309] ''An account of the trade in India: containing rules for good government in trade, price courants, and tables: with descriptions of Fort St. George, Acheen, Malacca, Condore, Canton, Anjengo, Muskat, Gombroon, Surat, Goa, Carwar, Telichery, Panola, Calicut, the Cape of Good-Hope, and St. Helena... To which is added, An Account of the Management of the Dutch in their Affairs in India'' by Charles Lockyer 1711 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023942828#page/n3/mode/2up  ''Dutch Records No 13: The Dutch in Malabar : being a translation of selections nos. 1 and 2'']  by A Galletti 1911 Archive.org. One of 15 volumes of records from the archives of the Madras Presidency, almost all of which are in Dutch, many also available at Archive.org. The other titles in the series may be seen at this [http://www.archive.org/details/selectionsfromre13madr  Archive.org link]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023942828#page/n3/mode/2up  ''Dutch Records No 13: The Dutch in Malabar : being a translation of selections nos. 1 and 2'']  by A Galletti 1911 Archive.org. One of 15 volumes of records from the archives of the Madras Presidency, almost all of which are in Dutch, many also available at Archive.org. The other titles in the series may be seen at this [http://www.archive.org/details/selectionsfromre13madr  Archive.org link]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/williamboltsdutc00hallrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''William Bolts, a Dutch adventurer under John Company'']  by Norman Leslie Hallward 1920 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/williamboltsdutc00hallrich#page/n7/mode/2up ''William Bolts, a Dutch adventurer under John Company'']  by Norman Leslie Hallward 1920 Archive.org
*[http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/handle/OUDL/14143 ''The Dutch In Bengal And Bihar 1740-1825 A D''] by  Dr Kalikinkar Datta 1948 Osmania University Digital Library [OUDL]. May only be available Indian office hours (IST 10 am to 6 pm), (IST = GMT+5:30)
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.529989/page/n1 ''The Dutch In Bengal And Bihar 1740-1825 A D''] by  Dr Kalikinkar Datta 1948. Archive.org, mirror from  Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275322/page/n3  ''Malabar And The Dutch''] by K M  Panikkar 1931. Full title: ''Malabar and the Dutch. Being the history of the fall of the Nayar power in Malabar.'' Archive.org, mirror from  Digital Library of India.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71193/page/n1 ''The Dutch In Malabar''] by P C  Alexander. 1946. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505180/page/n3 2nd digital file] Archive.org, mirrors from  Digital Library of India. Generally the first file has clearer text, but note some pages are upside down.
*[https://archive.org/details/johncompanyatwor0000furb/page/n9 ''John Company at Work: a study of European expansion in India in the late eighteenth century''] by Holden Furber. 1970 reprint of 1948 original edition. Archive.org Lending Library. Includes the [[East India Company|English]], [[French]], [[Dutch]], and [[Danish]] East India Companies.
*''Voyages To The East-Indies, by the late John Splinter Stavorinus, Esq Translated From The Original Dutch, by Samuel Hull Wilcocke. The Whole Comprising A Full And Accurate Account Of All The Present And Late Possessions Of The Dutch In India, And At The Cape Of Good Hope'' 1798 Google Books
*''Voyages To The East-Indies, by the late John Splinter Stavorinus, Esq Translated From The Original Dutch, by Samuel Hull Wilcocke. The Whole Comprising A Full And Accurate Account Of All The Present And Late Possessions Of The Dutch In India, And At The Cape Of Good Hope'' 1798 Google Books
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ci0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Volume 1 A Voyage to the Cape Of Good Hope, Batavia, Bantam, and Bengal, with Observations on Those Parts, &c. in the years 1768-1771''].
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ci0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Volume 1 A Voyage to the Cape Of Good Hope, Batavia, Bantam, and Bengal, with Observations on Those Parts, &c. in the years 1768-1771''].
Line 92: Line 128:
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Volume 3  A Continuation Of The Voyage From Surat To Batavia, The Coast Of Malabar, and the Cape of Good Hope in the years 1775-1778''].  
**[http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''Volume 3  A Continuation Of The Voyage From Surat To Batavia, The Coast Of Malabar, and the Cape of Good Hope in the years 1775-1778''].  
***[http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA475 Appendix: "Regulations and Orders"], [http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA561 Appendix:"Sketch of the Life of Reinier De Klerk, Late Governor General for the Dutch East-India Company"], [http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA577 Index for the 3 volumes]
***[http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA475 Appendix: "Regulations and Orders"], [http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA561 Appendix:"Sketch of the Life of Reinier De Klerk, Late Governor General for the Dutch East-India Company"], [http://books.google.com/books?id=pC0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA577 Index for the 3 volumes]
*A Translation of the ''Charter of the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC)'' Peter Reynders, Translator; Rupert Gerritsen, Editor.  [http://rupertgerritsen.tripod.com/pdf/published/VOC_Charter_1602.pdf pdf], [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Lq6LZzy9aTsJ:rupertgerritsen.tripod.com/pdf/published/VOC_Charter_1602.pdf+peter+reynders+voc&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgUIzH1aL-4Bq5rxLwJ81jh2glSiWyYSJcWTFl-5yr9iJLMa0ySaft2lVjEQOB9BmcQjZF0YAMJVCLR6r0ueCpMJ1jNJ08VuWPuy7PGGcHBPSOXrtk0UgGFIQ-gIq8hTle03jnk&sig=AHIEtbS4bcDxVe7nSTV2MZANB2H6FKvTpA html version]
*A Translation of the ''Charter of the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC)'' Peter Reynders, Translator; Rupert Gerritsen, Editor.  [http://rupertgerritsen.tripod.com/pdf/published/VOC_Charter_1602.pdf Pdf]
*[https://archive.org/details/monumentalremain00alex/page/n7 ''The Monumental Remains of the Dutch East India Company in the Presidency Of Madras 1664-1824''] by  Alexr. Rea. Reprint edition, first published 1897. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.511637/page/n5 ''Dutch Activities In The East''] 1945. Full title:  ''Dutch Activities in the East, seventeenth century : being a "Report on the records relating to the East in the State Archives in The Hague," with two appendices''  by Frederick Charles Danvers. Edited with an introd. by Nihar-ranjan Ray. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
*[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/das/#page=2&accessor=toc&source=1&view=imagePane ''Dutch-Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th Centuries Volume I . Introductory volume''] by J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra, I. Schöffer, with assistance from ACJ Vermeulen. Translation by Mrs J Harris  1987. From ''Resources Huygens ING''.
:[https://www.academia.edu/43027412/Dutch_Asiatic_Shipping_In_The_17th_And_18th_Centuries_Vol_2_Outward_Bound_Voyages_From_The_Nether ''Dutch Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th Centuries Vol. 2 Outward Bound Voyages from the Netherlands to Asia and the Cape (1595-1794)''] Link to a download.  academia.edu
: ''Volume III, Homeward-bound voyages from Asia and the Cape to the Netherlands (1597-1795)'' [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=TqLuCAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1  ''Volume III'' Sample pages Google Books]
*[https://archive.org/details/instructionsfro00maetgoog  ''Instructions from the Governor-General and Council of India to the Governor of Ceylon, 1656-1665''] Translated by Sophia Pieters. [The Government of Netherlands India]. 1908 Archive.org
 
== References ==
<references />


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Latest revision as of 02:07, 18 November 2022

Non-British Ancestors:
Armenian
Danish
Dutch
French
German
Greek
Indian
Jewish
Portuguese

Information on ancestors with a Dutch connection.

The Dutch East India Company or VOC

The Dutch name of the Dutch East India Company was the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC, literally the "United East Indian Company". The alternative spelling Vereenigde is also used.

Brief History

"The Dutch sent their first fleet to the East in 1595. Being commercial realists they went straight to the source of the spice trade in the East Indies, established themselves at Batavia (now, as previous to their arrival, called Jakarta), and proceeded to oust the Portuguese. Then they established a chain of posts through Ceylon and Capetown to connect themselves with their home base and proceeded to develop a great Asian network of trade by which they planned to earn resources needed to purchase spices without drawing on the silver bullion which was in chronic short supply in northern Europe. India came within their purview only as a link in their great commerical chain. It was a source of textiles for sale in the East Indies in exchange for spices while the extreme south and Ceylon were valuable for their own supplies of pepper, cardamom and cinnamon. The Dutch had 'factories' or warehouses as far north as Agra but they took no part in politics or cultural contacts. Their eccentric tombs at Surat and their factories at Cochin and Negapatam are their principal memorials in India. Only in Ceylon did they exercise dominion in the plains from Colombo and leave a living memorial in the Burgher community."[1]

"It is noticeable that the best jobs, merchants, administrators and ships officers were nearly all of Dutch origin, but that the more marginal roles as sailors, (who could expect to return home every two years or so) and even less popular jobs as soldiers, who would probably struggle to get home after ten or more years, if ever, came from further afield", many of German origin from parts of Western Germany.[2]

Individuals

An example of a Dutchman who ended up in Bengal was Johan Jacob Hoff . A Dutch book states he had joined the VOC in 1788. He went from Holland to the Dutch East Indies for the Chamber of Enkhuizen with the vessel Maria Carolina. Having arrived at Batavia, Hoff was sent to Malacca where he served as a “second chirurgeon.” In 1795 he was taken prisoner by the English in Malacca at Pera; together with the garrison stationed there, he was sent to Bengal. [3]

Also see FIBIS resources, below.

Some Scots are stated to have served with the Dutch East India Company.[4]

FIBIS resources

  • "The Origins of Johann Jacob Hoff: my ancestor in the Dutch East India Company" by Mary McPherson FIBIS Journal Number 31 (Spring 2014), pages 30 -35. For access, see FIBIS Journals

Church Records

See also general article: Church records

If your ancestors were baptised, married or buried in a European church in British India, then the church records should have been transcribed and sent to the capital of the Presidency, where they would later have been forwarded on to London. These records were indexed and about 80% of church records in British India are believed to have survived. You can access these records at the British Library, or at LDS Family History Centres. Moreover many of the church records have now been didigitsed and are held on the subscription website findmypast

However, your Dutch ancestors may not have lived in British India (i.e. that portion of India that was controlled by the British - this grew from a very small area in 1600 to almost all of India by 1947). In this case, the church records will not be kept at the British Library.

The Dutch Churchbook of St Francis Church, Cochin has been microfilmed by the LDS and is available at LDS FamilySearch Centres as a digitised microfilm 498601, catalogue entry. A transcribed index of the names in this book, together with dates of death, can be seen on the Archived Cochin Churchbook website The dates of death cover the period 1751-1804

Cemeteries

BACSA have transcribed and published Bimlipatam Christian Cemeteries which contain British and Dutch tombs from the 17th century. Other BACSA holdings at the British Library comprise lists of Dutch graves and miscellaneous papers relating to genealogical sources. These are itemised in the BACSA online database

Dutch Records from Malacca in the India Office Records Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

Dutch Cemeteries Findagrave.com for indexes and transcriptions of graves at

Photographs taken in Dutch Cemeteries in India flickr.com

Monumental remains of the Dutch East India Company in the Presidency of Madras, by Alexander Rea, originally published 1897, is available online, refer Historical books online, below.

The book In Memoriam Burma-Siam 1942-1945, published in Bangkok in 1946 (Dutch language) in respect of Dutch war graves is available at the British Library UIN: BLL01011257081 , and also at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah - catalogue entry with details of contents. Also at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah catalogue entry for [List of deceased World War Two-era Dutch military personnel in Burma and Siam], 1946, Dutch language, source Nederlandsch Hoofdkwartier Bangkok, Kantoor Personeele Zaken Afd. Inlichtingen Overledenen (Dutch Headquarters Bangkok, Office Personnel Affairs Dept. Information Deceased).

Records at the National Archives of the Netherlands

  • Located in the same building as the National Archives at The Hague but a separate organization, is the 'Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie' (Central Bureau for Genealogy - CBG), the Dutch information and documentation centre for genealogy, family history and related sciences. Researchers visiting this centre found some copies of records relating to British Ceylon christenings.[5]

Refer External links below for both organisations.

Associations

  • If you had Dutch ancestors who lived in India, a useful association is the Indische Genealogische Vereniging (IGV) or Dutch Indies Genealogical Association. Although their main focus is what is now called Indonesia, the Dutch Indies Genealogical Association can also help with Dutch genealogy in India. The Fibiwiki page includes a research guide from the IGV and details of historical genealogy publications containing records, available to buy (Dutch language).
  • Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon - Website contains much information including journals containing various family histories Example

See also

External links

"Overzicht van archieven over de VOC in het Nationaal Archief" Includes Databases.
Page with details of the Archives including
There are a number of databases relevant to India, including under the headings Oost-Indië, and VOC.
As far as can be determined the above database is the current version (at 2019/11) of a previous Nationaal Archief separate website "VOC-Sea Voyagers" which advised it was a searchable free database which was a comprehensive index of ships’ pay-ledgers. The ship's pay-ledgers form the basis of the personnel-administration of the 'VOC' or Dutch East India Company. For each departing ship all employees sailing with her were registered, amounting to some 655.000 persons over the period 1700-1794. There were four categories of sea-voyagers and there was a statement that the soldiers were mainly from German-speaking areas. The previous website is available archived in Dutch including Inleiding and Wat vind ik in de database? Use Google Translate.
Dutch Ships and Sailors Includes VOC. Includes databases to Search. dutchshipsandsailors.nl
There is a database on Ancestry [6] (pay website) which is believed to be the above database, although Ancestry does not credit the Nationaal Archief as the source.
Also see the website TANAP above for more details of records at the Nationaal Archief.
Dutch East India Company Archives by Jurre Knoest. A review of The Archives of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) (Dutch East India Company) kept at the National Archives (The Hague, The Netherlands) Undated. dissertationreviews.org
Independent research at the Nationaal Archief [paid research] Archived link at 18 April 2019 from the now archived Nationaal Archief website gahetna.nl

Historical books online

Dutch Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th Centuries Vol. 2 Outward Bound Voyages from the Netherlands to Asia and the Cape (1595-1794) Link to a download. academia.edu
Volume III, Homeward-bound voyages from Asia and the Cape to the Netherlands (1597-1795) Volume III Sample pages Google Books

References

  1. ↑ Spear, A History of India (Volume Two) (1978) pp.65-68
  2. ↑ Balmer, Nick. VOC Records india-british-raj@groups.io 7 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Het Nederlandsch-Indisch bestuur in het midden van 1817, naar oorspronkelijke stukken by Pieter Hendrik van der Kemp 1915 Google Books (snippet view); pages 216 and 217, translated by Leo Janssen. The book by Van der Kemp deals with the period of 1817 and the complications with respect to the cession of the former Dutch possessions in Bengal according to the Treaty of London of 1814. Details provided by Mary McPherson (marymac129@btinternet.com) who is researching a man named Johann Jacob Hoff, possibly the man mentioned in the book. The book is available at the British Library together with many other books by the author including De administratie der geldmiddelen van Neerl.-Indië. (Alphabetisch Register, etc.).
  4. ↑ "Migration from Scotland before 1700" by David Dobson
 November 2015. st-andrews.ac.uk. Includes a very brief statement "Scots soldiers and sailors served in the armies of the Netherlands and in their fleets, as well as those of the Dutch East India Company … in the Early Modern Period."
  5. ↑ Andresen, Larry & Coreen British Ceylon christening records in The Hague Rootsweb Srilanka Mailing List, 01 January 2007 and 02 January 2007, now archived
  6. ↑ Netherlands, Dutch East India Company Crew Index, 1633-1795 Ancestry. The source is stated to be a database VOC-Opvarenden from WieWasWie (a pay website).
  7. ↑ Dent, Gearoidin. Christoffel Jochem Salder Rootsweb India Mailing List, 25 March 2013, archived.
  8. ↑ History of the Dutch in Malaysia by Dennis De Witt. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01015564894
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