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In the latter part of the 18th century the Gurkhas overran all of eastern Nepal, parts of Sikkim and in the west the Kumaon region. The British had recently taken over the Kingdom of Oudh and perceived a threat to their expansionist ambitions. They mounted a campaign using four columns on two fronts starting on 1 November 1814. Poor leadership by three of the commanders led to early defeats by the Gurkhas. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101020492/ Colonel David Ochterlony's] determination and skill proved decisive however, and the Gurkhas were forced to surrender after the fall of Almora in April 1815.
The Kathmandu government failed to ratify the treaty signed on 28 November 1815 and this led to a second campaign. Once again Ochterlony, with assistance from the King of Sikkim in the east, forced the Nepalese Army onto the defensive and after the [[Battle of Makwanpur]] the Gurkhas ratified the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugauli_Treaty Treaty of Sugauli] on 4 March 1816. Nepal ceded Sikkim, [[Kumaon]] and Garwhal together with a large part of the Terai lowlands. == Field Forces 1814-15 =='''Major-General Rollo Gillespie's Column'''*1,000 European troops:*[[53rd Regiment of Foot|HM 53rd Foot]]:*Some artillery:*A few dismounted dragoons*2,500 Native Infantry<br>'''Colonel David Ochterlony's Column'''*6,000 Native Infantry and Artillery:*Two 18-pounders:*Ten 6-pounders:*Four mortars and howitzers<br>'''Major-General John Sullivan Wood's Column'''*950 HM 17th Foot *3,000 Native Infantry:*Seven 6 and 3-pounders:*Four mortars and howitzers<br>'''Major-General Marley's Column'''*8,000 troops:*907 HM 24th Foot ;*2,000 Native Infantry:*Four 18-pounders:*Eight 6-pounders:*Fourteen mortars and howitzers<br>
== Field Force 1816 ==
