Kumaon Iron Works Tramway: Difference between revisions
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'''Kumaon Iron Works Tramway''' | |||
In 1856 a proposal to provide a Tramway to connect to the Iron Mines in the [[Kumaon|Kumaon Division]] was put forward by the [[North of India Tramway Company Limited]]. The project did not proceed [[North_of_India_Tramway_Company_Limited#Kumaon_Iron_Mine| - ''see seperate page for details'']]. | |||
A later proposal in 1859 for the '''Kumaon Iron Works Tramway''' was put forward to survey and construct a railroad or tramway, to connect the ironworks in [[Kumaon|Kumaon Division]] with the trunk line of the railway in the [[United Provinces|Upper Provinces]] <ref>British Library IOR/F/8/6(544), page 1 “Contract of Mr William Dent on his providing the East Indies as a civil engineer to assist in their conduct of operations connected with the Kumaon Tramway”. Dent signed a contract to act as an assistant to W Hardy Wells “To conduct operations to survey and construct a railroad or tramway, to connect the ironworks in Kumaon with the trunk line at the railway in the upper provinces”</ref>. | |||
''It is not known if this tramway was ever constructed; but in any event the Iron Works closed in 1864.'' | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Kumaon Iron Works.png|thumb|Kumaon Iron Works]] | |||
Iron smelting in Kumaon to place due to the high-quality iron ore, rich forests for charcoal and an abundance of running water as a source of energy. The deputy collector, J. O'B Becket, wrote a report on traditional iron making in Kumaon. He reported that 7 iron ore mines employing 187 families, 54 smelting forges using 167 families and 86 refining forges with 273 families in work | |||
<ref name=Kumaon>[https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_kumaon_frameset.htm “Kumaon Iron Works, the British and Traditional Technology” by D.P. Agrawal and Pankaj Goyal, 2003 ]; Retrieved 18 May 2019</ref>. | |||
After the report of the 1850s, a small group of British individuals started to promote and develop iron making. This led to the establishment of iron working sites at 4 places: Dechauri, Kaladhungi, Khurpatal and Ramgarh. Rees Davies was one of the surveyors deputed to investigate the mineral resources. As a government enterprise, the first blast furnace of the works was ignited in Dechauri on 24 March 1856 and as a result of this a piece of iron of "the very best quality" was produced. Davies resumed his trials in 1857 the first pig iron was tapped. These results induced the government to engage in a bigger undertaking and W. Sowerby was appointed manager of the works. A new blast furnace, called "Sowerby's blast furnace" was built at Dechauri and ignited in February 1860. But the furnace was closed after 43 days and the government stopped the project due the controversy that surrounded it <ref name=Kumaon/>. | |||
The Kumaon Iron Works was formally launched in 1856, it had been known for at least 30 years before that date that Kumaon had indigenous ore and smelting using the plentiful wood fuel. In 1856 the Government, with the help of private capital, supported two small smelting workshops already working in the area and in 1862 formed the ‘North of India Kumaon Iron Works Company’ The enterprise could see the potential demand for iron from the railways. But it faced an insurmountable obstacle in accessing and transporting wood as a fuel source <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9-EgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=Kumaon+Ironworks&source=bl&ots=ReoffUpxxv&sig=dM2HzeCLie-WrOf8EwyGR_NRDFw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5gp6K5L7SAhXlJMAKHUX7AWgQ6AEIPDAI#v=onepage&q=Kumaon%20Ironworks&f=false “India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present” page 154 by Tirthankar Roy]; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017</ref> | The Kumaon Iron Works was formally launched in 1856, it had been known for at least 30 years before that date that Kumaon had indigenous ore and smelting using the plentiful wood fuel. In 1856 the Government, with the help of private capital, supported two small smelting workshops already working in the area and in 1862 formed the ‘North of India Kumaon Iron Works Company’ The enterprise could see the potential demand for iron from the railways. But it faced an insurmountable obstacle in accessing and transporting wood as a fuel source <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9-EgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=Kumaon+Ironworks&source=bl&ots=ReoffUpxxv&sig=dM2HzeCLie-WrOf8EwyGR_NRDFw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5gp6K5L7SAhXlJMAKHUX7AWgQ6AEIPDAI#v=onepage&q=Kumaon%20Ironworks&f=false “India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present” page 154 by Tirthankar Roy]; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017</ref> | ||
In the beginning of 1861 Drummond formed a new private company that was soon amalgamated with Davies's company to form ‘’The North India Kumaon Iron Works Company Limited”. During this time there were 8 blast furnaces in different stages of development close to Nainital, Dechauri, Kaladhungi, Khurpatal and Ramgarh<ref name=Kumaon/>.. | |||
In 1862 the Secretary of State ordered to lay down the Tramway line near Khurja station. ‘Kumaon Iron Works’ in hope that the iron would be taken from it for the rails produced iron of good quantity, but suddenly the Government dropped the idea of laying the line itself and gave a contract to the [[Awadh and Rohilkhand Railway Company]] (formerly called the [[Indian Branch Railway| Indian Branch Railway Company]]) <ref name=Mittal>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4kAOImX9PfwC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=khurja+tram&source=bl&ots=d9paJqucEY&sig=_dvUFYdm1v0epiR30xiwtONakXk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy-Nq08r7SAhWMJcAKHUEwDd0Q6AEIMDAE#v=onepage&q=khurja%20tram&f=false “British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815-1947” pages 205-6, by Arun K. Mittal]; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017</ref> | In 1862 the Secretary of State ordered to lay down the Tramway line near Khurja station. ‘Kumaon Iron Works’ in hope that the iron would be taken from it for the rails produced iron of good quantity, but suddenly the Government dropped the idea of laying the line itself and gave a contract to the [[Awadh and Rohilkhand Railway Company]] (formerly called the [[Indian Branch Railway| Indian Branch Railway Company]]) <ref name=Mittal>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4kAOImX9PfwC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=khurja+tram&source=bl&ots=d9paJqucEY&sig=_dvUFYdm1v0epiR30xiwtONakXk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy-Nq08r7SAhWMJcAKHUEwDd0Q6AEIMDAE#v=onepage&q=khurja%20tram&f=false “British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815-1947” pages 205-6, by Arun K. Mittal]; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017</ref> | ||
The ‘Iron Works Company’ had ceased to work in 1864 <ref name=Mittal/> | The ‘Iron Works Company’ had ceased to work in 1864 <ref name=Mittal/> | ||
== External Links == | |||
*[https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_kumaon_frameset.htm “Kumaon Iron Works, the British and Traditional Technology” by D.P. Agrawal and Pankaj Goyal, 2003] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 13:08, 18 May 2019
Kumaon Iron Works Tramway
In 1856 a proposal to provide a Tramway to connect to the Iron Mines in the Kumaon Division was put forward by the North of India Tramway Company Limited. The project did not proceed - see seperate page for details.
A later proposal in 1859 for the Kumaon Iron Works Tramway was put forward to survey and construct a railroad or tramway, to connect the ironworks in Kumaon Division with the trunk line of the railway in the Upper Provinces [1].
It is not known if this tramway was ever constructed; but in any event the Iron Works closed in 1864.
History
Iron smelting in Kumaon to place due to the high-quality iron ore, rich forests for charcoal and an abundance of running water as a source of energy. The deputy collector, J. O'B Becket, wrote a report on traditional iron making in Kumaon. He reported that 7 iron ore mines employing 187 families, 54 smelting forges using 167 families and 86 refining forges with 273 families in work [2].
After the report of the 1850s, a small group of British individuals started to promote and develop iron making. This led to the establishment of iron working sites at 4 places: Dechauri, Kaladhungi, Khurpatal and Ramgarh. Rees Davies was one of the surveyors deputed to investigate the mineral resources. As a government enterprise, the first blast furnace of the works was ignited in Dechauri on 24 March 1856 and as a result of this a piece of iron of "the very best quality" was produced. Davies resumed his trials in 1857 the first pig iron was tapped. These results induced the government to engage in a bigger undertaking and W. Sowerby was appointed manager of the works. A new blast furnace, called "Sowerby's blast furnace" was built at Dechauri and ignited in February 1860. But the furnace was closed after 43 days and the government stopped the project due the controversy that surrounded it [2].
The Kumaon Iron Works was formally launched in 1856, it had been known for at least 30 years before that date that Kumaon had indigenous ore and smelting using the plentiful wood fuel. In 1856 the Government, with the help of private capital, supported two small smelting workshops already working in the area and in 1862 formed the ‘North of India Kumaon Iron Works Company’ The enterprise could see the potential demand for iron from the railways. But it faced an insurmountable obstacle in accessing and transporting wood as a fuel source [3]
In the beginning of 1861 Drummond formed a new private company that was soon amalgamated with Davies's company to form ‘’The North India Kumaon Iron Works Company Limited”. During this time there were 8 blast furnaces in different stages of development close to Nainital, Dechauri, Kaladhungi, Khurpatal and Ramgarh[2]..
In 1862 the Secretary of State ordered to lay down the Tramway line near Khurja station. ‘Kumaon Iron Works’ in hope that the iron would be taken from it for the rails produced iron of good quantity, but suddenly the Government dropped the idea of laying the line itself and gave a contract to the Awadh and Rohilkhand Railway Company (formerly called the Indian Branch Railway Company) [4]
The ‘Iron Works Company’ had ceased to work in 1864 [4]
External Links
References
- ↑ British Library IOR/F/8/6(544), page 1 “Contract of Mr William Dent on his providing the East Indies as a civil engineer to assist in their conduct of operations connected with the Kumaon Tramway”. Dent signed a contract to act as an assistant to W Hardy Wells “To conduct operations to survey and construct a railroad or tramway, to connect the ironworks in Kumaon with the trunk line at the railway in the upper provinces”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “Kumaon Iron Works, the British and Traditional Technology” by D.P. Agrawal and Pankaj Goyal, 2003 ; Retrieved 18 May 2019
- ↑ “India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present” page 154 by Tirthankar Roy; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815-1947” pages 205-6, by Arun K. Mittal; Retrieved 5 Mar 2017