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*[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/britishguide/second_china_war_medal.htm The Second China War Medal]  northeastmedals.co.uk
*[http://www.northeastmedals.co.uk/britishguide/second_china_war_medal.htm The Second China War Medal]  northeastmedals.co.uk
*Details of the 3 volume [http://www.britishmedals.us/files/chinarolls.htm ''China Medal Roll 1856-60''] by K.J. Asplin Savannah Publications London 2004 from The Asplin Military History Resources. Includes Royal Navy including Indian Marine (Volume 1), British Army (Volume 2), and selected despatches of the Royal Navy and British Army during their presence in China during the years 1856-60 (Volume 3).  Royal Navy (Volume 1) is described in this [http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=696 link]<ref>
*Details of the 3 volume [https://web.archive.org/web/20191222011729/http://www.britishmedals.us/files/chinarolls.htm ''China Medal Roll 1856-60''] by K.J. Asplin Savannah Publications London 2004 from The Asplin Military History Resources, now archived. Includes Royal Navy including Indian Marine (Volume 1), British Army (Volume 2), and selected despatches of the Royal Navy and British Army during their presence in China during the years 1856-60 (Volume 3).
[http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=696 Thread] from Victorian Wars Forum dated August/September 2008</ref>.<br> Available to buy through Amazon.co.uk from the FIBIS Shop: [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1902366328 Royal Navy including Indian Marine], [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1902366336 British Army], [http://astore.amazon.co.uk/faminbriindso-21/detail/1902366344 Despatches].<br> It appears that these volumes should be available at the [[British Library]] (legal deposit requirement) but they do not appear in the British Library catalogue.


== External Links ==
== External links ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars]  Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars Opium Wars]  Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War 2nd Opium War 1856-60]  Wikipedia<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War 2nd Opium War 1856-60]  Wikipedia<br>
*[http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/China-War-1860-115.php Queen's Dragoon Guards in China 1860] www.qdg.org.uk
*[http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/China-War-1860-115.php Queen's Dragoon Guards in China 1860] www.qdg.org.uk
*[http://distantwriting.co.uk/telegraphwar.html Telegraph at War 1854–1868] (distantwriting.co.uk)  Scroll down to "After the Crimea" which includes a short section on the field telegraph in China  which followed the headquarters of the advancing expedition many miles inland from the port of Canton
*[http://distantwriting.co.uk/telegraphwar.html Telegraph at War 1854–1868] (distantwriting.co.uk)  Scroll down to "After the Crimea" which includes a short section on the field telegraph in China  which followed the headquarters of the advancing expedition many miles inland from the port of Canton
*[http://www.walkingthebattlefields.com/2013/08/the-67th-regiment-of-foot-south.html The 67th Regiment of Foot (South Hampshire) in China – 1860] Blog by Phil Curme 17 August 2013 walkingthebattlefields.com
*[http://www.walkingthebattlefields.com/2013/05/the-taku-forts-china.html The Taku Forts, China] Blog by Phil Curme 18 May 2013 regarding a recent visit. walkingthebattlefields.com
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1580028/Letters-of-forgotten-VC-winner-found.html Letters of forgotten VC winner found]. 27 February 2008 ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 23 August 2014.  Brevet Captain Robert Shebbeare won his medal  during the infamous siege of Delhi in September 1857. Afterwards he put together a Sikh regiment, the [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|15th Punjab]] [Pioneers], which later saw action in China. Includes photograph with officers of his 15th Punjab regiment, "taken by Mr Beato in the British camp at Talien Hwan, Manchuria, on either 10 or 11 July 1860". <ref>Snook, Mike  [https://web.archive.org/web/20160717124103/http://victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=80&t=9627&sid=828947c9be081b6556cc531e193c97cc&start=45  "mewafarosh"] ''Victorian Wars Forum'' 20 August 2014, now an archived webpage.</ref>
*[https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/search?st%5B%5D=%22Letters+from+China%22&css_searchfield%5B%5D=text  "Letters From China"] by Scott Pettitt. A series of 7 articles about the letters of Thomas Adkins, held at the  Warwickshire County Record Office  including [https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/letters-from-china-the-second-opium-war "Letters From China: The Second Opium War"] and [https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/letters-from-china-the-taiping-rebellion "Letters From China: The Taiping Rebellion"]. ourwarwickshire.org.uk.  Obituary details.<ref>[http://www.adkins-family.org.uk/hist-china_thomas_1836_obit.htm Thomas 'China Tom' Adkins, b.1836] Obituary. adkins-family.org.uk</ref>
*[https://www.omsa.org/blood-is-thicker-than-water-taku-forts-1859/ "Blood is thicker than water, Taku Forts 1859"]. An engagement with the Chinese in an attack on Taku Forts at the mouth of the Pei Ho River 25th June 1859. Contains a transcript of a letter from William Tovell, Corporal, Royal Marines. omsa.org.


==== Historical Books on-line ====
==== Historical books online ====
[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023184819#page/n3/mode/2up ''Papers relating to the Opium Trade in China, 1842-1856''] presented to the House of Commons by command of Her Majesty, 1857 Archive.org  <br>
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023184819#page/n3/mode/2up ''Papers relating to the Opium Trade in China, 1842-1856''] presented to the House of Commons by command of Her Majesty, 1857 Archive.org  <br>
[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=fwU8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Papers Relating to the Proceedings Of Her Majesty's Naval Forces st Canton with Appendix''] Presented to both Houses of Parliament 1857. Catalogued by Google Books as ''Papers relating to the China war, 1856-58'' Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=fwU8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''Papers Relating to the Proceedings Of Her Majesty's Naval Forces st Canton with Appendix''] Presented to both Houses of Parliament 1857. Catalogued by Google Books as ''Papers relating to the China war, 1856-58'' Google Books<br>
[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wOdwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857-58''] George Wingrove Cooke 1858 Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wOdwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857-58''] George Wingrove Cooke 1858 Google Books<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/incidentsinchin00grangoog#page/n7/mode/2up ''Incidents in the China War of 1860: compiled from the private journals of General Sir Hope Grant''] Henry Knollys 1875 (archive.org)<br>
*''Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan in the years 1857, '58, '59''. [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo01olip Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo02olip Volume II] by Laurence Oliphant, Private Secretary to Lord Elgin. 1859 Archive.org
[http://www.archive.org/stream/arrowwarwithchi00leavgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Arrow War with China''] Charles Leavenworth 1901 (archive.org)<br>
*[https://archive.org/details/middysrecollecti00montrich/page/n7 ''A Middy's Recollections, 1853-1860''] by Rear-Admiral the Honourable Victor Alexander Montague 1898 Archive.org. He took part in operations in China in 1857.
[http://www.archive.org/stream/chinawarletters00allggoog#page/n12/mode/2up ''China War 1860 Letters and Journal''] by Maj-Gen G Allgood 1901 (archive.org)<br>
*[https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritishmap13fort#page/n15/mode/1up Map: the operations against the Taku Forts August 1860] from  ''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue.  Maps and Plans for Volume 13. Archive.org
''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Vol VI'' Intelligence Branch Army HQ India 1911 [http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/400/mode/2up  Events in China from 1842-60] archive.org <br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=diwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The British Arms in North China and Japan: Peking 1860; Kagosima 1862''] 
by D.F. Rennie MD, Senior Medical Officer of the Force in the North of China  1864 Google Books
''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Vol VI'' Intelligence Branch Army HQ India 1911 [http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/n457/mode/2up Scene of Operations 1860] archive.org<br>
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/incidentsinchin00grangoog#page/n7/mode/2up ''Incidents in the China War of 1860: compiled from the private journals of General Sir Hope Grant''] Henry Knollys 1875 (archive.org)<br>
''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution Volume 2 1861'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=EPtBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA388 The Royal Artillery at Canton 1857] Google Books<br>
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=i_VAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Narrative of the North China Campaign of 1860''] by Robert Swinhoe of HM’s Consular Service in China, Staff Interpreter during the Campaign to H E Sir Hope Grant 1861 Google Books
''History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I by Maj-Gen Whitworth Porter 1889'' [http://www.archive.org/stream/historycorpsroy01portgoog#page/n556/mode/2up The China War 1857-60] archive.org<br />
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/arrowwarwithchi00leavgoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''The Arrow War with China''] Charles Leavenworth 1901 (archive.org)<br>
[http://books.google.com/books?id=1-c1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2656 China despatches]  page 2656 ''Bulletins and other State Intelligence, 1860 Part 2 ''(published 1864), originally from ''The London Gazette'' 1860 Google Books<br>
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/chinawarletters00allggoog#page/n12/mode/2up ''China War 1860 Letters and Journal''] by Maj-Gen G Allgood 1901 (archive.org)<br>
[http://www.archive.org/stream/royalnavyhistory07clowuoft#page/n139/mode/2up The Second China War] page 91, ''The Royal Navy: a History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Volume VII'' by Wm. Laird Clowes 1903 Archive.org<br>
*''The International Relations of the Chinese Empire'' by Hosea Ballou Morse. ''I The Period of Conflict, 1834-1860. (II. The Period of Submission, 1861-1893. III. The period of Subjection, 1894-1911''). Published 1910 to 1918.
[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofindiann02lowc#page/528/mode/2up The Indian Navy and the Expedition to China in 1860], page 528 ''History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863) Volume 2'' by Charles Rathbone Low 1877 Archive.org<br>
:[https://archive.org/details/internationalrel00mors/page/n5/mode/2up Volume I] (probably 2nd edition), [https://archive.org/details/internationalrel01mors/page/n3/mode/2up  Vol. I, 2nd file, but missing title page] (appears to have been author/publishing decision); ([https://archive.org/details/internationalrel02mors Volume II];[https://archive.org/details/internationalrel03mors/page/n5/mode/2up Volume III]) All Archive.org.
[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023143930#page/n9/mode/2up ''China War, 1860: Letters and Journal''] by Major-General G. Allgood 1901 Archive.org. With Illustrations and Plans<br>
*[https://archive.org/details/chinajiminciden00harrgoog '''China Jim', Incidents and Adventures in the Life of an Indian Mutiny Veteran''] by Major General J T Harris 1912 Archive.org. He joined the Bengal Army in 1849. He probably retired c late 1870s. He took part in the [[2nd Burma War]], the [[Indian Mutiny]] and the 2nd China War.
[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zFYCAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Narrative of the War with China in 1860: to which is added the account of a short residence with the Tai-ping rebels at Nankin and a voyage from thence to Hankow''] by Lieut-Colonel G J Wolseley 1862 Google Books<br>
*''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India Vol VI'' Intelligence Branch Army HQ India 1911
[http://archive.org/stream/recollectionsofl00harrrich#page/60/mode/2up "China War 1859-1860"] page 61, ''Recollections of a Life in the British Army during the latter half of the 19th Century'' by Gen. Sir Richard Harrison, Royal Engineers 1908 Archive.org<br>
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/400/mode/2up Events in China from 1842-60] page 400
[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA375  "Medical History of the War in the North of China"] by W M Muir, Principal Medical Officer of the Expeditionary Army , page 375 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books<br>
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/n457/mode/2up Scene of Operations 1860] page 413. Archive.org
[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA289 "The Foreign Stations of the Army: China"], page 289 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books
*[https://archive.org/stream/memoriesofsevenc00thor#page/56/mode/2up "Chapter V"] page 57, ''Memories of Seven Campaigns: a record of thirty-five years' service in the Indian Medical Department in India, China, Egypt, and the Sudan'' by James Howard Thornton, Deputy Surgeon General, Indian Medical Service, late Principal Medical Officer Punjab Frontier Force. 1895 Archive.org. (The author was in the Bengal Medical Service 1856-1891). He was appointed to the [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|15th Regiment of Punjab Infantry, later called 23rd Pioneers]], who departed for China in 1860.
*[https://archive.org/details/b28994760/page/n9/mode/2up ''Service Memories''] by Surgeon-General Sir A D Home, edited by Charles H Melville 1912 Archive.org. Anthony Dickson Home joined the Army Medical Service as an Assistant Surgeon in 1848. He retired November 1886, aged 60. His service included the Crimean War, the [[Indian Mutiny]] when he was awarded the Victoria Cross,  and 2nd China War. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Home Anthony Home] Wikipedia.
*''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution Volume 2 1861'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=EPtBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA388 The Royal Artillery at Canton 1857] Google Books<br>
*''History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I by Maj-Gen Whitworth Porter 1889'' [http://www.archive.org/stream/historycorpsroy01portgoog#page/n556/mode/2up The China War 1857-60] archive.org<br />
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=1-c1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2656 China despatches]  page 2656 ''Bulletins and other State Intelligence, 1860 Part 2 ''(published 1864), originally from ''The London Gazette'' 1860 Google Books<br>
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/royalnavyhistory07clowuoft#page/n139/mode/2up  The Second China War] page 91, ''The Royal Navy: a History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Volume VII'' by Wm. Laird Clowes 1903 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/lifeofadmiralsir00raws/page/n8 ''Life of Admiral Sir Harry Rawson''] by Geoffrey Rawson 1914 Archive.org. The initial chapters are about China, when Rawson was a young navel cadet.
*"The Marines at Canton, The Peiho, and Pekin" [1856-1860] [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HtsRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA92  Pages 92-103], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HtsRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197 pages 197-202] ''The United Service Magazine 1876 Part 1'' Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofindiann02lowc#page/528/mode/2up The Indian Navy and the Expedition to China in 1860], page 528 ''History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863) Volume 2'' by Charles Rathbone Low 1877 Archive.org<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q6pFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP11 ''From Calcutta to Pekin: being notes taken from the journal of an officer between those places''] by  John Hart Dunne, Captain 99th Regiment 1861 Google Books
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023143930#page/n9/mode/2up ''China War, 1860: Letters and Journal''] by Major-General G. Allgood 1901 Archive.org. With Illustrations and Plans<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zFYCAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Narrative of the War with China in 1860: to which is added the account of a short residence with the Tai-ping rebels at Nankin and a voyage from thence to Hankow''] by Lieut-Colonel G J Wolseley 1862 Google Books
:''The Story of a Soldier's Life'' by Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley 1903. [https://archive.org/details/storyofsoldiers01wols/page/n8 Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/storyofsoldiers02wols/page/n8 Volume II] Archive.org. Includes 2nd China War account from the beginning of Volume II. 
*[http://archive.org/stream/recollectionsofl00harrrich#page/60/mode/2up "China War 1859-1860"]  page 61, ''Recollections of a Life in the British Army during the latter half of the 19th Century'' by Gen. Sir Richard Harrison, Royal Engineers 1908 Archive.org<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA375  "Medical History of the War in the North of China"] by W M Muir, Principal Medical Officer of the Expeditionary Army , page 375 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA289 "The Foreign Stations of the Army: China"], page 289 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qK8mAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA109 "Notes on the operations around Shanghai in 1862-63-64"] by Lieut Colonel C G Gordon R E, page 109 ''Papers on subjects connected with the duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers Volume 19'' 1871 Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarsaddicti00hane/mode/2up ''Opium Wars : the addiction of one empire and the corruption of another''] by W Travis Hanes III and Frank Sanello  2002.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*Also see [[Taiping Rebellion]]
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HilcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Report from the Select Committee on Mortality of Troops (China)''] Reports from Committees 1866 Volume XV. Ordered to be printed, by The House of Commons, 24 July 1866. Google Books
=====Japan=====
*[https://archive.org/details/diplomatinjapani00sato ''A Diplomat in Japan; the inner history of the critical years in the evolution of Japan when the ports were opened and the monarchy restored''] by Sir Ernest Satow 1921 Archive.org. The author was in Japan from September 1862, when he was initially appointed to the British legation as a student Interpreter at Yedo/Yokohama. Includes the 1864 Shimonoski Naval actions, including British,  page [https://archive.org/stream/diplomatinjapani00sato#page/102/mode/2up 102]
*''Young Japan. Yokohama and Yedo. A narrative of the settlement and the city from the signing of the treaties in 1858, to the close of the year 1879. With a glance at the progress of Japan during a period of twenty-one years'' by John R Black  formerly editor of the ''Japan Herald''.  Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924071147825 Volume I] 1880, [https://archive.org/details/cu31924071147833 Volume II]  1881


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />


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[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 2nd]]
[[Category:Wars and Campaigns|China War, 2nd]]

Latest revision as of 07:45, 24 August 2024

2nd China War
1856-60
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: China
Combatants:
East India Company China
Result: British and French victory
Medals:
2nd China War Medal
Clasps: Fatshan 1857, Canton 1857, Taku Forts 1858, Taku Forts 1860, Pekin 1860
Links:
Category: 2nd China War
Phases:
First Campaign 1856
Second Campaign 1860
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
First Campaign 1856
locations and routes on Google Maps
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
Second Campaign 1860
locations and routes on Google Maps

Also known as the 2nd Opium War, the 2nd Anglo-Chinese War and The Arrow War.

Summary

In the 1850s the Western Powers sought to renegotiate their commercial treaties with China. The British wanted the opening of all China to merchants, legalization of the opium trade and exemption of import tariffs. The Qing Government refused and relations deteriorated when a Hong Kong vessel was boarded by the Chinese and there was an attempt to poison Europeans in Hong Kong. The French were drawn in following the execution of a missionary and the Russians and Americans also made representations. In the First Campaign British and French forces captured Canton and then took the Taku Forts outside Tianjin. There was a temporary end to hostilities in June 1858 with the Treaty of Tianjin which gave extensive rights to the Western Powers.

The Qing Government rejected the treaty and this led to a Second Campaign. In June 1859 Anglo-French forces tried unsuccessfully to take the Taku Forts. In the summer of 1860 a larger Anglo-French force from Shanghai landed north of Tianjin which they captured. The Battle of Pa-li-chao in September defeated the Chinese finally and the Summer Palace in Peking was destroyed. The Convention of Peking ratified the Treaty of Tianjin, the opium trade was legalized, China was opened to western merchants and Britain and France were paid a huge indemnity.

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906:
Lord Elgin (1811-1863)
James Hope Grant (1808-1875)
Robert Napier (1810-1890)

Medals

Also see Medals and Medal Rolls

  • The Second China War Medal northeastmedals.co.uk
  • Details of the 3 volume China Medal Roll 1856-60 by K.J. Asplin Savannah Publications London 2004 from The Asplin Military History Resources, now archived. Includes Royal Navy including Indian Marine (Volume 1), British Army (Volume 2), and selected despatches of the Royal Navy and British Army during their presence in China during the years 1856-60 (Volume 3).

External links

Historical books online

Volume I (probably 2nd edition), Vol. I, 2nd file, but missing title page (appears to have been author/publishing decision); (Volume II;Volume III) All Archive.org.
Events in China from 1842-60 page 400
Scene of Operations 1860 page 413. Archive.org
The Story of a Soldier's Life by Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley 1903. Volume I, Volume II Archive.org. Includes 2nd China War account from the beginning of Volume II.
Japan

References

  1. Snook, Mike "mewafarosh" Victorian Wars Forum 20 August 2014, now an archived webpage.
  2. Thomas 'China Tom' Adkins, b.1836 Obituary. adkins-family.org.uk