2nd China War: Difference between revisions

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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wOdwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857-58''] George Wingrove Cooke 1858 Google Books<br>
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wOdwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 ''China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857-58''] George Wingrove Cooke 1858 Google Books<br>
*''Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan in the years 1857, '58, '59''. [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo01olip Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo02olip Volume II] by Laurence Oliphant, Private Secretary to Lord Elgin. 1859 Archive.org
*''Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan in the years 1857, '58, '59''. [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo01olip Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofearlo02olip Volume II] by Laurence Oliphant, Private Secretary to Lord Elgin. 1859 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/middysrecollecti00montrich/page/n7 ''A Middy's Recollections, 1853-1860''] by Rear-Admiral the Honourable Victor Alexander Montague 1898 Archive.org. He took part in operations in China in 1857.
*[https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritishmap13fort#page/n15/mode/1up Map: the operations against the Taku Forts August 1860] from  ''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue.  Maps and Plans for Volume 13. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/historyofbritishmap13fort#page/n15/mode/1up Map: the operations against the Taku Forts August 1860] from  ''A History of the British Army'' by Sir John William Fortescue.  Maps and Plans for Volume 13. Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=diwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The British Arms in North China and Japan: Peking 1860; Kagosima 1862''] 
by D.F. Rennie MD, Senior Medical Officer of the Force in the North of China  1864 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=diwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The British Arms in North China and Japan: Peking 1860; Kagosima 1862''] 
by D.F. Rennie MD, Senior Medical Officer of the Force in the North of China  1864 Google Books
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:[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/n457/mode/2up Scene of Operations 1860] page 413.  Archive.org
:[http://www.archive.org/stream/frontieroverseas06indi#page/n457/mode/2up Scene of Operations 1860] page 413.  Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/stream/memoriesofsevenc00thor#page/56/mode/2up "Chapter V"] page 57, ''Memories of Seven Campaigns: a record of thirty-five years' service in the Indian Medical Department in India, China, Egypt, and the Sudan'' by James Howard Thornton, Deputy Surgeon General, Indian Medical Service, late Principal Medical Officer Punjab Frontier Force. 1895 Archive.org. (The author was in the Bengal Medical Service 1856-1891). He was appointed to the [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|15th Regiment of Punjab Infantry, later called 23rd Pioneers]], who departed for China in 1860.
*[https://archive.org/stream/memoriesofsevenc00thor#page/56/mode/2up "Chapter V"] page 57, ''Memories of Seven Campaigns: a record of thirty-five years' service in the Indian Medical Department in India, China, Egypt, and the Sudan'' by James Howard Thornton, Deputy Surgeon General, Indian Medical Service, late Principal Medical Officer Punjab Frontier Force. 1895 Archive.org. (The author was in the Bengal Medical Service 1856-1891). He was appointed to the [[23rd Punjab Pioneers|15th Regiment of Punjab Infantry, later called 23rd Pioneers]], who departed for China in 1860.
*[https://archive.org/details/b28994760/page/n9/mode/2up ''Service Memories''] by Surgeon-General Sir A D Home, edited by Charles H Melville 1912 Archive.org. Anthony Dickson Home joined the Army Medical Service as an Assistant Surgeon in 1848. He retired November 1886, aged 60. His service included the Crimean War, the [[Indian Mutiny]] when he was awarded the Victoria Cross,  and 2nd China War. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Home Anthony Home] Wikipedia.
*''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution Volume 2 1861'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=EPtBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA388 The Royal Artillery at Canton 1857] Google Books<br>
*''Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution Volume 2 1861'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=EPtBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA388 The Royal Artillery at Canton 1857] Google Books<br>
*''History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I by Maj-Gen Whitworth Porter 1889'' [http://www.archive.org/stream/historycorpsroy01portgoog#page/n556/mode/2up The China War 1857-60] archive.org<br />
*''History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I by Maj-Gen Whitworth Porter 1889'' [http://www.archive.org/stream/historycorpsroy01portgoog#page/n556/mode/2up The China War 1857-60] archive.org<br />
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*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA289 "The Foreign Stations of the Army: China"], page 289 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=yyJcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA289 "The Foreign Stations of the Army: China"], page 289 ''Army Medical Department: Statistical Sanitary and Medical Reports for the year 1860'' (published 1862) Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qK8mAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA109 "Notes on the operations around Shanghai in 1862-63-64"] by Lieut Colonel C G Gordon R E, page 109 ''Papers on subjects connected with the duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers Volume 19'' 1871 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qK8mAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA109 "Notes on the operations around Shanghai in 1862-63-64"] by Lieut Colonel C G Gordon R E, page 109 ''Papers on subjects connected with the duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers Volume 19'' 1871 Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/opiumwarsaddicti00hane/mode/2up ''Opium Wars : the addiction of one empire and the corruption of another''] by W Travis Hanes III and Frank Sanello  2002.  Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*Also see [[Taiping Rebellion]]
*Also see [[Taiping Rebellion]]
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HilcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Report from the Select Committee on Mortality of Troops (China)''] Reports from Committees 1866 Volume XV. Ordered to be printed, by The House of Commons, 24 July 1866. Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HilcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 ''Report from the Select Committee on Mortality of Troops (China)''] Reports from Committees 1866 Volume XV. Ordered to be printed, by The House of Commons, 24 July 1866. Google Books

Latest revision as of 07:45, 24 August 2024

2nd China War
1856-60
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location: China
Combatants:
East India Company China
Result: British and French victory
Medals:
2nd China War Medal
Clasps: Fatshan 1857, Canton 1857, Taku Forts 1858, Taku Forts 1860, Pekin 1860
Links:
Category: 2nd China War
Phases:
First Campaign 1856
Second Campaign 1860
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
First Campaign 1856
locations and routes on Google Maps
See our interactive map of
2nd China War
Second Campaign 1860
locations and routes on Google Maps

Also known as the 2nd Opium War, the 2nd Anglo-Chinese War and The Arrow War.

Summary

In the 1850s the Western Powers sought to renegotiate their commercial treaties with China. The British wanted the opening of all China to merchants, legalization of the opium trade and exemption of import tariffs. The Qing Government refused and relations deteriorated when a Hong Kong vessel was boarded by the Chinese and there was an attempt to poison Europeans in Hong Kong. The French were drawn in following the execution of a missionary and the Russians and Americans also made representations. In the First Campaign British and French forces captured Canton and then took the Taku Forts outside Tianjin. There was a temporary end to hostilities in June 1858 with the Treaty of Tianjin which gave extensive rights to the Western Powers.

The Qing Government rejected the treaty and this led to a Second Campaign. In June 1859 Anglo-French forces tried unsuccessfully to take the Taku Forts. In the summer of 1860 a larger Anglo-French force from Shanghai landed north of Tianjin which they captured. The Battle of Pa-li-chao in September defeated the Chinese finally and the Summer Palace in Peking was destroyed. The Convention of Peking ratified the Treaty of Tianjin, the opium trade was legalized, China was opened to western merchants and Britain and France were paid a huge indemnity.

Biographies

Entries in the Dictionary of Indian Biography 1906:
Lord Elgin (1811-1863)
James Hope Grant (1808-1875)
Robert Napier (1810-1890)

Medals

Also see Medals and Medal Rolls

  • The Second China War Medal northeastmedals.co.uk
  • Details of the 3 volume China Medal Roll 1856-60 by K.J. Asplin Savannah Publications London 2004 from The Asplin Military History Resources, now archived. Includes Royal Navy including Indian Marine (Volume 1), British Army (Volume 2), and selected despatches of the Royal Navy and British Army during their presence in China during the years 1856-60 (Volume 3).

External links

Historical books online

Volume I (probably 2nd edition), Vol. I, 2nd file, but missing title page (appears to have been author/publishing decision); (Volume II;Volume III) All Archive.org.
Events in China from 1842-60 page 400
Scene of Operations 1860 page 413. Archive.org
The Story of a Soldier's Life by Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley 1903. Volume I, Volume II Archive.org. Includes 2nd China War account from the beginning of Volume II.
Japan

References

  1. Snook, Mike "mewafarosh" Victorian Wars Forum 20 August 2014, now an archived webpage.
  2. Thomas 'China Tom' Adkins, b.1836 Obituary. adkins-family.org.uk