Morvi Railway: Difference between revisions

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{{Line Railways Infobox
{{Line Railways Infobox
|image=
|image= Morvi State Logo b.jpg
|caption=  
|caption= Morvi State Logo
|route= [[Rajkot]] to [[Wadhwan]]<br>[[Vankaner]] to [[Morvi]]
|route= [[Rajkot]] to [[Wadhwan]]<br>[[Wankaner]] to [[Morvi]]
|gauge1= Metre gauge
|gauge1= 2' 6" NG
|gauge1details= 73 miles (1905)<br>132 miles (1942)
|gauge1details= 94¼ miles (1887)<br>15¾ miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge2= 2' 6" NG
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 17 miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge2details= 79 miles (1905)<br>132 miles (1942)
|gauge3=  
|gauge3=  
|gauge3details=  
|gauge3details=  
|gauge4=  
|gauge4=  
|gauge4details=
|gauge4details=
|timeline1date= 1890
|timeline1date= 1886-87
|timeline1details= Opened to traffic as NG
|timeline1details= Opened to traffic as NG
|timeline2date= 1905
|timeline2date= 1905
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|timeline5details=   
|timeline5details=   
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|presidency= [[Bombay]]
|stations= [[Morvi]], [[Rajkot]], [[Vankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|stations= [[Morvi]], [[Rajkot]], [[Wankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|system1date=
|system1date=
|system1details= [[Morvi Railway]]
|system1details= [[Morvi Railway]]
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|image=
|image=
|caption=  
|caption=  
|timeline1date= 1942
|timeline1date=  
|timeline1details= Managing [[Dhrangadra Railway]]
|timeline1details=  
|timeline2date=  
|timeline2date=  
|timeline2details=
|timeline2details=
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|timeline5details= Merged to form [[Saurashtra Railway]]
|timeline5details= Merged to form [[Saurashtra Railway]]
|company1= 1890
|company1= 1890
|company1details= [[Morvi Railway]]
|company1details= ‘Morvi  Tramway’
|company2= 1942
|company2= 1905
|company2details= [[Dhrangadra Railway]]
|company2details=‘Morvi Railway’
|company3= 1890
|company3=  
|company3details= [[Morvi State Tramways]]
|company3details=  
|company4=
|company4=
|company4details=  
|company4details=  
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|headquarters= [[Morvi]]
|headquarters= [[Morvi]]
|workshop=  
|workshop=  
|stations= [[Dhrangadra]], [[Rajkot]], [[Vankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|stations= [[Rajkot]], [[Wankaner]], [[Wadhwan]]
|system1date= 1948
|system1date= 1948
|system1details= [[Saurashtra Railway]]
|system1details= [[Saurashtra Railway]]
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|system3date=
|system3date=
|system3details=   
|system3details=   
|gauge1=  
|gauge1=2' 6" NG
|gauge1details=  
|gauge1details= 17 miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2= Metre gauge
|gauge2details= 73 miles (1905)<br>230 miles (1942)
|gauge2details= 73 miles (1905)<br>230 miles (1942)
|gauge3= 2' 6" NG
|gauge3=  
|gauge3details= 17 miles (1905)<br>0 miles (1942)
|gauge3details=  
|gauge4=  
|gauge4=  
|gauge4details=  
|gauge4details=  
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}}
}}


Originally named the '''Rajkot-Beti Tramway'''; the '''Morvi Railway''' was owned and managed by the Indian State of Morvi.
[[File: Morvi  Tramway pre 1905 Map.png|thumb| Morvi  Tramway pre 1905 Map]]
 
The '''Morvi Tramway and Railway''' was owned and managed by the [[Princely states|Princely ]][[Morvi State]]. 
<br>The development commenced as the narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]])  '''Morvi Tramway'''
<br>Progressively the lines were converted to the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) '''Morvi Railway'''
 
==Morvi Tramway==
''These Tramway Lines are shown in ‘Light Green’ in both the ’Pre 1905 Tramway Map’ and ‘Schematic Map’ ''
 
The original section from [[Wadhwan]] via [[Wankaner]] to [[Rajkot]] was built as a 2ft 6in/762mm  narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) Tramway . Construction started in 1884, the line was 79 miles(127km) and opened to traffic in 1886
<ref name=Admin>[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n202/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 194 (pdf202)]; Retrieved 21 May 2020</ref> forming the ‘Wadhwan-Rajkot Section’.
<br>* The original terminus at [[Wadhwan]] was on the south side of the [[Bhogava River Bridge|Bhogava River]] at [[Surendranager ]]. The Agreement stated the Tramway would not  link to the ‘[[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway ]]’(BB&CIR) <ref name=1694Page2> British Library  IOR L/PS/13/1694 No 33 File 30 (part 1) 30 ‘Memorial of the Thakor of Sayla against the decision for Morvi to claim compensation’ page 2 </ref> and also  not link  to the ‘[[Bhavnagar State Railway]]’ or the ‘[[Dhrangadhra Railway]]’.
<br>*The Tramway passed via Dolia and Sayla  through various small States, none of which received any compensation from  the  Morvi  Durbar to which they were legally entitled. The Wadhwan Durbar  refused the Tramway entry  into [[Wadhwan]]  without an acceptance that Wadhwan  owned the  rights of  passage over  the [[Bhogava  River  Bridge]], and that such duties  as  required would be paid<ref name=1694Page2/>.
 
'''1887'''. The [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] Tramway from  [[Wankaner]] continued northwards to  [[Morvi]], a distance of 15¾ miles(25km), opened in March 1887 <ref name=Hist1937>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India – Railway Department’ page  246 pdf289 ]; Retrieved 21 May 2020</ref>  thus connecting [[Morvi]] to [[Wadhwan]]
<br>Some early records refer to the complete line as the '''Wadhwan-Morvi State Railway'''.
 
'''1891'''. The [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] Tramway was extended to the port of Navlakhi to become the ‘Morvi-Navlakhi  Section’, 30 miles(48km)<ref name=Hist1937/>  and a spur to Wawainia Port  laid by the road side, which the  Morvi Durbar  said was for the convenience  of the people and for transportation of salt and cloth<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliya_Miyana%E2%80%93Wankaner_section Wikipedia ‘Maliya Miyana–Wankaner section’]; Retrieved 21 May 2020</ref>.
 
'''1891'''. The [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]] Tramway was extended using the [[Bhogava River Bridge]] and reached the station of the [[BB&CIR]] at [[Wadhwan]]. This was against all the previous agreements which led to legal notices being given to the Managers of BB&CIR  and Morvi Tramway, terms were finally agreed in 1897. <ref>British Library IOR/R/2/735/217 No R/C/217 Morvi Railway Conversion, Page 3</ref>
 
'''1893''' and  ''1897''. 'The “Morvi Tramway’ interchanged at [[Rajkot]]  with the metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) ‘[[Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway]]’ southward when it opened in 1893 and later in 1897 north-westward with the opening of the ‘[[Navanagar State Railway]]’.
 
'''1905'''. The Morvi Durbar converted their ‘Wankaner-Rajkot Section’  narrow gauge ([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) Tramway,  79 miles(127km) into their metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) ) Railway<ref name=Hist1937/>.  See '''Morvi  Railway''' below
 
'''1905'''. Morvi continued with the extension of the [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  Tramways and by 1905 a 3¼ Mile (5Km) Tramway had been opened to its Quarries  <ref>British Library  IOR/V/10/1610 1909-10 TO 1927-28 ‘Morvi State Administration Report, Railways 1926-27’</ref>.
 
'''1910'''. Further  [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  Tramways were also built from [[Morvi]] via Jetpur and on to [[Malia]], and another southeast from [[Morvi]] towards Tankara, both in operation by 1910 <ref> The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894-1940 Brian Webb 1973 David Charles Newton Abbott ISBN 0715361155 Page 20</ref>. The Tramway that had at one time reached Malia had been removed at Malia’s expense back as far as the State line, and finished at Khakhrechi Road <ref>British Library  IOR/V/10/1610 1909-10 TO 1927-28 Report for 1909-10</ref>
 
'''1923'''. The ‘[[Rajkot-Betti Tramway]]’ [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  opened from [[Rajkot]] to Betti  , 14 miles(23km)  to the east of [[Rajkot ]]. The [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  locomotives were ordered by the Thakor of Morvi  so it can be assumed they were operated as part of the ‘Morvi Tramway’ system  [[Rajkot-Betti Tramway|''-see separate page'']] ''Shown in ‘Red’ in the ’Schematic Map’ ''
 
'''1926'''. The ‘Morvi Tramway’ added the [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  ‘Sanala –Khanpur Branch’ 14.3 miles (23km) opened and the next year the line to Khanpur was extended to the State boundary and also 6 miles northward from Khakhrechi Road <ref name=Thakor>British Library  IOR L/PS/13/1694 No 33 File 30 30 Memorial of the Thakor of Sayla against the decision for Morvi to claim compensation (part 1) page 3 Paragraph 9 </ref>.
 
'' Notably neither the 1931 ‘Gazetteer of India’ Map <ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1931/fullscreen.html?object=31 ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India,’ v. 26, Atlas 1931 edition, Railways & Inland Navigation, p. 24. ]; Retrieved 18 May 2020</ref> and the  1937 ‘History of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’<ref name=Hist1937/> show any evidence of any remaining  [[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]  Tramways . So consequently it is assumed that these minor branches had been discontinued by 1931''
 
==Morvi Railway==
[[File: Morvi  Tramway and Railway Schematic Map.png|thumb| Morvi  Tramway and Railway Schematic Map]]
''These Railway Lines are shown in ‘Grey’ in the schematic map''
 
Sections of the 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) Tramway was converted over time to Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) to match the other lines in [[Gujerat]] and [[Kathiawar]]
<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Railway_(India) Wikipedia "Western Railway (India)"]; Retrieved 21 May 2020</ref>
 
'''1905'''. The Morvi Durbar opened their ‘Wadhwan-Rajkot Section’ , 74 mile(119km) , as a metre gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) Railway. By part converting the NG Tramway  and part on a new alignment:-
<br>*‘Wadhwan-Than Section’, 31 miles(50km), was constructed on a new alignment  <ref name=Hist1937/> as its was  not safe to do on the existing  road . The railway was built on a slightly different alignment and diverted to the north 4 miles (6.4Km. This meant closing some stations like those in Dolia and Sayla.  The railway was now north of the Bhogava River and was able to directly connect to the MG railways at [[Wadhwan]]  <ref name=Thakor/>.The new alignment had reduced the line length by 5 miles(8km).
<br> *‘Than-Wankaner-Rajkot Junction Section’, 43 miles(69km), was converted to MG on the original NG 1886 alignment with a few unimportant diversions<ref name=Hist1937/>.
<br>This enabled  direct MG connections to existing railways:-
<br>*[[Wadhwan|Wadhwan Junction]], to the ‘[[BB&CIR]]’, the ‘[[Dhrangadra Railway]]’ and the ‘[[Bhavnagar State Railway]]’
<br>*[[Rajkot|Rajkot Junction]] to the ‘[[Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway]]’ running south and the [[Navanagar State Railway]] running west .''Both marked  ‘Blue’ in the schematic map''
 
'''1926'''. The ‘Than Junction to Chotila Branch’, 12½ miles(20km) opened as a MG Branch Line<ref name=Hist1937/><ref name=Hist>[https://ia801605.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650/2015.36650.India-Railway-Board-History-Of-Indian-Railways-Constructed-And-In-Progress.pdf US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 246 pdf 289]; Retrieved  23 Aug 2020</ref>
 
'''1934'''. The ‘Morvi-Navlakhi  Branch’, 30 miles(48km),  was converted to MG, previously a NG Tramway  ''(see above) '' which had opened in 1891 <ref name=Hist1937/><ref name=Hist/>. 
 
'''1948'''. The ‘Morvi Railway’ was merged to form the ‘[[Saurashtra Railway]]’
 
The ‘Statistics of Working’ show the year-by-year financial results from 1913-14 through to 1936-37 with a total route length of 1329 miles(212km) <ref name=Hist/>.
 
== Classification ==
[[Indian Railway Classification]] of 1926 - Class III railway system.
 
==Personnel==
No personnel records have been located:-


Sometimes also known as the '''Wadhwan-Morvi State Railway'''
The following found from various sources:-
*[[Richard Gardiner]] in 1887 was Manager-in-charge <ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA499 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 499 (pdf page 462 )] Retrieved on 24 May 2016</ref> *[[Willoughby Verner Constable]] was the Officiating Manager<ref>[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA466 Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 466 (pdf page 429)] Retrieved on 14 May 2016</ref>.


Originally built to 2' 6" Narrow Gauge([[Rail_gauge#Narrow_Gauge|NG]]) as a Tramway, it was converted to Metre Gauge([[Rail_gauge_#Metre_Gauge|MG]]) to match the other lines in [[Gujerat]] and [[Kathiawar]].
==Further Information==
<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Railway_(India) "Western Railway (India)"] ''Wikipedia'' </ref>
'''[[Kathiawar Peninsula Railway and Tramway Systems]]''' gives a map, timeline and relates this railway to others in the Kathiawar Peninsula.


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Railways]]
[[Category:Indian States Railways]]
[[Category:Indian States Railways]]
[[Category:Narrow Gauge (NG) Railways]]

Latest revision as of 07:29, 24 August 2020

Morvi Railway

Morvi State Logo
Line of route
Rajkot to Wadhwan
Wankaner to Morvi
Gauge / mileage
2' 6" NG 94¼ miles (1887)
15¾ miles (1905)
0 miles (1942)
Metre gauge 79 miles (1905)
132 miles (1942)
Timeline
1886-87 Opened to traffic as NG
1905 Rajkot to Wadhwan converted to MG
1924 Morvi section converted to MG
Key locations
Presidency Bombay
Stations Morvi, Rajkot, Wankaner, Wadhwan
System agency
Morvi Railway
How to interpret this infobox
Morvi Railway
[[Image:|150px| ]]
System timeline
1948 Merged to form Saurashtra Railway
Constituent companies / lines
1890 ‘Morvi Tramway’
1905 ‘Morvi Railway’
Key locations
Headquarters Morvi
Workshops
Major Stations Rajkot, Wankaner, Wadhwan
Successor system / organisation
1948 Saurashtra Railway
1951 Western Railway (IR zone)
System mileage
2' 6" NG 17 miles (1905)
0 miles (1942)
Metre gauge 73 miles (1905)
230 miles (1942)
Associated auxiliary force
n/a
How to interpret this infobox
Morvi Tramway pre 1905 Map

The Morvi Tramway and Railway was owned and managed by the Princely Morvi State.
The development commenced as the narrow gauge(NG) Morvi Tramway
Progressively the lines were converted to the metre gauge(MG) Morvi Railway

Morvi Tramway

These Tramway Lines are shown in ‘Light Green’ in both the ’Pre 1905 Tramway Map’ and ‘Schematic Map’

The original section from Wadhwan via Wankaner to Rajkot was built as a 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge(NG) Tramway . Construction started in 1884, the line was 79 miles(127km) and opened to traffic in 1886 [1] forming the ‘Wadhwan-Rajkot Section’.
* The original terminus at Wadhwan was on the south side of the Bhogava River at Surendranager . The Agreement stated the Tramway would not link to the ‘Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway ’(BB&CIR) [2] and also not link to the ‘Bhavnagar State Railway’ or the ‘Dhrangadhra Railway’.
*The Tramway passed via Dolia and Sayla through various small States, none of which received any compensation from the Morvi Durbar to which they were legally entitled. The Wadhwan Durbar refused the Tramway entry into Wadhwan without an acceptance that Wadhwan owned the rights of passage over the Bhogava River Bridge, and that such duties as required would be paid[2].

1887. The NG Tramway from Wankaner continued northwards to Morvi, a distance of 15¾ miles(25km), opened in March 1887 [3] thus connecting Morvi to Wadhwan
Some early records refer to the complete line as the Wadhwan-Morvi State Railway.

1891. The NG Tramway was extended to the port of Navlakhi to become the ‘Morvi-Navlakhi Section’, 30 miles(48km)[3] and a spur to Wawainia Port laid by the road side, which the Morvi Durbar said was for the convenience of the people and for transportation of salt and cloth[4].

1891. The NG Tramway was extended using the Bhogava River Bridge and reached the station of the BB&CIR at Wadhwan. This was against all the previous agreements which led to legal notices being given to the Managers of BB&CIR and Morvi Tramway, terms were finally agreed in 1897. [5]

1893 and 1897. 'The “Morvi Tramway’ interchanged at Rajkot with the metre gauge(MG) ‘Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway’ southward when it opened in 1893 and later in 1897 north-westward with the opening of the ‘Navanagar State Railway’.

1905. The Morvi Durbar converted their ‘Wankaner-Rajkot Section’ narrow gauge (NG) Tramway, 79 miles(127km) into their metre gauge(MG) ) Railway[3]. See Morvi Railway below

1905. Morvi continued with the extension of the NG Tramways and by 1905 a 3¼ Mile (5Km) Tramway had been opened to its Quarries [6].

1910. Further NG Tramways were also built from Morvi via Jetpur and on to Malia, and another southeast from Morvi towards Tankara, both in operation by 1910 [7]. The Tramway that had at one time reached Malia had been removed at Malia’s expense back as far as the State line, and finished at Khakhrechi Road [8]

1923. The ‘Rajkot-Betti Tramway’ NG opened from Rajkot to Betti , 14 miles(23km) to the east of Rajkot . The NG locomotives were ordered by the Thakor of Morvi so it can be assumed they were operated as part of the ‘Morvi Tramway’ system -see separate page Shown in ‘Red’ in the ’Schematic Map’

1926. The ‘Morvi Tramway’ added the NG ‘Sanala –Khanpur Branch’ 14.3 miles (23km) opened and the next year the line to Khanpur was extended to the State boundary and also 6 miles northward from Khakhrechi Road [9].

Notably neither the 1931 ‘Gazetteer of India’ Map [10] and the 1937 ‘History of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’[3] show any evidence of any remaining NG Tramways . So consequently it is assumed that these minor branches had been discontinued by 1931

Morvi Railway

Morvi Tramway and Railway Schematic Map

These Railway Lines are shown in ‘Grey’ in the schematic map

Sections of the 2ft 6in/762mm narrow gauge(NG) Tramway was converted over time to Metre Gauge(MG) to match the other lines in Gujerat and Kathiawar [11]

1905. The Morvi Durbar opened their ‘Wadhwan-Rajkot Section’ , 74 mile(119km) , as a metre gauge(MG) Railway. By part converting the NG Tramway and part on a new alignment:-
*‘Wadhwan-Than Section’, 31 miles(50km), was constructed on a new alignment [3] as its was not safe to do on the existing road . The railway was built on a slightly different alignment and diverted to the north 4 miles (6.4Km. This meant closing some stations like those in Dolia and Sayla. The railway was now north of the Bhogava River and was able to directly connect to the MG railways at Wadhwan [9].The new alignment had reduced the line length by 5 miles(8km).
*‘Than-Wankaner-Rajkot Junction Section’, 43 miles(69km), was converted to MG on the original NG 1886 alignment with a few unimportant diversions[3].
This enabled direct MG connections to existing railways:-
*Wadhwan Junction, to the ‘BB&CIR’, the ‘Dhrangadra Railway’ and the ‘Bhavnagar State Railway’
*Rajkot Junction to the ‘Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway’ running south and the Navanagar State Railway running west .Both marked ‘Blue’ in the schematic map

1926. The ‘Than Junction to Chotila Branch’, 12½ miles(20km) opened as a MG Branch Line[3][12]

1934. The ‘Morvi-Navlakhi Branch’, 30 miles(48km), was converted to MG, previously a NG Tramway (see above) which had opened in 1891 [3][12].

1948. The ‘Morvi Railway’ was merged to form the ‘Saurashtra Railway’

The ‘Statistics of Working’ show the year-by-year financial results from 1913-14 through to 1936-37 with a total route length of 1329 miles(212km) [12].

Classification

Indian Railway Classification of 1926 - Class III railway system.

Personnel

No personnel records have been located:-

The following found from various sources:-

Further Information

Kathiawar Peninsula Railway and Tramway Systems gives a map, timeline and relates this railway to others in the Kathiawar Peninsula.

References

  1. ↑ “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 194 (pdf202); Retrieved 21 May 2020
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 British Library IOR L/PS/13/1694 No 33 File 30 (part 1) 30 ‘Memorial of the Thakor of Sayla against the decision for Morvi to claim compensation’ page 2
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India – Railway Department’ page 246 pdf289 ; Retrieved 21 May 2020
  4. ↑ Wikipedia ‘Maliya Miyana–Wankaner section’; Retrieved 21 May 2020
  5. ↑ British Library IOR/R/2/735/217 No R/C/217 Morvi Railway Conversion, Page 3
  6. ↑ British Library IOR/V/10/1610 1909-10 TO 1927-28 ‘Morvi State Administration Report, Railways 1926-27’
  7. ↑ The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894-1940 Brian Webb 1973 David Charles Newton Abbott ISBN 0715361155 Page 20
  8. ↑ British Library IOR/V/10/1610 1909-10 TO 1927-28 Report for 1909-10
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 British Library IOR L/PS/13/1694 No 33 File 30 30 Memorial of the Thakor of Sayla against the decision for Morvi to claim compensation (part 1) page 3 Paragraph 9
  10. ↑ ‘Imperial Gazetteer of India,’ v. 26, Atlas 1931 edition, Railways & Inland Navigation, p. 24. ; Retrieved 18 May 2020
  11. ↑ Wikipedia "Western Railway (India)"; Retrieved 21 May 2020
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 US Archive .org pdf download of ‘History Of Indian Railways, constructed and in progress’, 31 March 1937 by ‘The Government of India - Railway Department’ page 246 pdf 289; Retrieved 23 Aug 2020
  13. ↑ Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 499 (pdf page 462 ) Retrieved on 24 May 2016
  14. ↑ Google Books " India List and India Office List, 1905" page 466 (pdf page 429) Retrieved on 14 May 2016
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