North West Frontier Campaigns: Difference between revisions

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=== Historical books online ===
=== Historical books online ===
'''Update: The Digital Library of India website is not currently operating. Use Archive.org mirror version links where available.'''
'''Update: The Digital Library of India website is not currently operating. Use Archive.org mirror version links where available.'''
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=b-YwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 ''Report Showing the Relations of the British Government with the Tribes, Independent and Dependent, on the North-West Frontier of the Punjab, from Annexation in 1849 to the Close of 1855''] In the series ''Selections from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department) No XII'', published 1856. Google Books
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6cBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1 ''Mountain Warfare: an essay on the conduct of Military Operations in Mountainous Countries''] by Lieut. Charles Metcalfe MacGregor 2nd edition 1866 Google Books.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6cBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1 ''Mountain Warfare: an essay on the conduct of Military Operations in Mountainous Countries''] by Lieut. Charles Metcalfe MacGregor 2nd edition 1866 Google Books.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xwui4Zn9z1oC&pg=PA217 "The North-West Frontier of India"] by George Campbell, Bengal Civil Service, page 217 ''Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Volume XIII'' 1870 Google Books.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xwui4Zn9z1oC&pg=PA217 "The North-West Frontier of India"] by George Campbell, Bengal Civil Service, page 217 ''Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Volume XIII'' 1870 Google Books.
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*[http://www.archive.org/stream/sketchesonservic00hobdiala#page/n7/mode/2up ''Sketches on service during the Indian frontier campaigns of 1897''] by Major E.A.P. Hobday. Containing fifty-seven full page engravings from original drawings, and fourteen photographic portraits of the commanding officers and their staffs.  1898 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/sketchesonservic00hobdiala#page/n7/mode/2up ''Sketches on service during the Indian frontier campaigns of 1897''] by Major E.A.P. Hobday. Containing fifty-seven full page engravings from original drawings, and fourteen photographic portraits of the commanding officers and their staffs.  1898 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportarmymedic03unkngoog#page/n461/mode/2up "Summary of Operations on the North-West Frontier of India, from 19th June 1897 to 6th April 1898"] by Surgeon General AA Gore MD page 446 ''Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1897 Volume 39'' 1898 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportarmymedic03unkngoog#page/n461/mode/2up "Summary of Operations on the North-West Frontier of India, from 19th June 1897 to 6th April 1898"] by Surgeon General AA Gore MD page 446 ''Army Medical Department Report for the Year 1897 Volume 39'' 1898 Archive.org
*[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/38213 ''East India (North-West Frontier). Mahsud-Waziri Operations''] 1902 His Majesty's Stationery Office, London . Probably a report to Parliament. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].
*[https://archive.org/stream/battlesofninetee05forb#page/226/mode/2up "The N. W. Frontier Campaign"]  pages 227-284,  ''Battles of the Nineteenth Century, Volume V, Campaigns of the Nineties'' by A Hilliard Atteridge . With Illustrations. 1901. Covers the period from 1897.
*[https://archive.org/stream/battlesofninetee05forb#page/226/mode/2up "The N. W. Frontier Campaign"]  pages 227-284,  ''Battles of the Nineteenth Century, Volume V, Campaigns of the Nineties'' by A Hilliard Atteridge . With Illustrations. 1901. Covers the period from 1897.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924020369108 ''Eighteen years in the Khyber, 1879-1898''] by Colonel Sir Robert Warburton KCIE CSI 1900 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924020369108 ''Eighteen years in the Khyber, 1879-1898''] by Colonel Sir Robert Warburton KCIE CSI 1900 Archive.org
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*''Waziristan 1919-1920'' by H De Watteville 1925 (one of eight in the series ''Campaigns and Their Lessons'') is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format, and as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/54945 pdf download]. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54945  Archive.org version].
*''Waziristan 1919-1920'' by H De Watteville 1925 (one of eight in the series ''Campaigns and Their Lessons'') is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format, and as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/54945 pdf download]. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54945  Archive.org version].
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n291/mode/2up "N.W. Frontier 1919-1920"] page 273 ''The Post Office of India in the Great War'' edited by H.A. Sams Published 1922 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012679548#page/n291/mode/2up "N.W. Frontier 1919-1920"] page 273 ''The Post Office of India in the Great War'' edited by H.A. Sams Published 1922 Archive.org
*[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/29472''Indian Frontier Organisation''] published by the ''Pioneer'' 1920. Pdf download Digital Repository of GIPE-Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics [Pune India].
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/449186 ''Official History of Operations on the N.-W. Frontier of India, 1920-35'']  by General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1945. Pdf download, Digital Library of India
*[http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/449186 ''Official History of Operations on the N.-W. Frontier of India, 1920-35'']  by General Staff Army Headquarters, India 1945. Pdf download, Digital Library of India
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32773/supplement/8599 "A report on the operations of the Waziristan Force for the period 1st April to 31st December, 1921"]  ''London Gazette Supplement'' 1 December 1922.
*[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32773/supplement/8599 "A report on the operations of the Waziristan Force for the period 1st April to 31st December, 1921"]  ''London Gazette Supplement'' 1 December 1922.
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*[https://web.archive.org/save/_embed/http://lib.uofk.edu/multisites/UofK_lib/images/stories/libpdf/sud.lib.imperial%20policing.pdf ''Imperial Policing'']  by Major-General Sir Charles W Gwynn 1939 Archive.org (pdf). Also available as a  [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/275121 pdf download], Digital Library of India, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121  Archive.org version].  Includes Chapter 10, "Peshawar District 1930", page 253 and Chapter 14, "Waziristan 1937"  page 394.
*[https://web.archive.org/save/_embed/http://lib.uofk.edu/multisites/UofK_lib/images/stories/libpdf/sud.lib.imperial%20policing.pdf ''Imperial Policing'']  by Major-General Sir Charles W Gwynn 1939 Archive.org (pdf). Also available as a  [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/275121 pdf download], Digital Library of India, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275121  Archive.org version].  Includes Chapter 10, "Peshawar District 1930", page 253 and Chapter 14, "Waziristan 1937"  page 394.
*''Bugles and a Tiger'' by John Masters  is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format or as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/278629  pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278629  Archive.org version]; or [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/201985  another pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201985  Archive.org version],  the latter is the  1965 edition or  [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/525270  pdf download, catalogued 1956]. The original edition  [http://archive.org/details/buglesandtigervo00mast ''Bugles and a Tiger; a Volume of Autobiography''] published in 1956 is available to read online through the Internet Archive (Archive.org) Lending Library. The main restriction is that only one person can see a particular book at one time (so the book may be "on loan'). For more details see [[Online books#Archive.org|Online books-Archive.org]]
*''Bugles and a Tiger'' by John Masters  is available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format or as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/278629  pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278629  Archive.org version]; or [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/201985  another pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201985  Archive.org version],  the latter is the  1965 edition or  [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/525270  pdf download, catalogued 1956]. The original edition  [http://archive.org/details/buglesandtigervo00mast ''Bugles and a Tiger; a Volume of Autobiography''] published in 1956 is available to read online through the Internet Archive (Archive.org) Lending Library. The main restriction is that only one person can see a particular book at one time (so the book may be "on loan'). For more details see [[Online books#Archive.org|Online books-Archive.org]]
*''India’s North-West Frontier'' by Sir William Barton 1939 may be read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format , or as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/281565 pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281565  Archive.org version].  The author was  in the Indian Civil Service for 35 years. It is also available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1939-indias-north-west-frontier-by-barton-s-pdf/ download as a pdf]  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]].
*''India’s North-West Frontier'' by Sir William Barton 1939 may be read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format , or as a [http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/281565 pdf download], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281565  Archive.org mirror version].  The author was  in the Indian Civil Service and Indian Political Service for 35 years. It is also available to [http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1939-indias-north-west-frontier-by-barton-s-pdf/ download as a pdf]  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pell_Barton William Pell Barton] Wikipedia.  
*Actions in Waziristan continued during WW2, although details are not known. Awards appearing in the ''London Gazette Supplement''s indicate some of the regiments involved. There were also awards to RAF personnel.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34977/supplement/6175 1939] ''LGS'' 25 October 1940, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35195/supplement/3495 1940] ''LGS'' 20 June 1941, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35825/supplement/5495 1942] ''LGS'' 15 December 1942, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36261/page/5176  1943] ''LGS'' 25 November 1943
*Actions in Waziristan continued during WW2, although details are not known. Awards appearing in the ''London Gazette Supplement''s indicate some of the regiments involved. There were also awards to RAF personnel.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34977/supplement/6175 1939] ''LGS'' 25 October 1940, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35195/supplement/3495 1940] ''LGS'' 20 June 1941, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35825/supplement/5495 1942] ''LGS'' 15 December 1942, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36261/page/5176  1943] ''LGS'' 25 November 1943
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n3/mode/2up ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery''] by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/IndianMountainArtillery/mountainartillery#page/n3/mode/2up ''The History of the Indian Mountain Artillery''] by Brigadier-General C A L Graham 1957 Archive.org.

Revision as of 05:56, 2 May 2018

North West Frontier Campaigns
1849-1947
Chronological list of Wars and Campaigns
[[Image:|250px| ]]
Location:
Combatants:
East India Company and British Army North West Frontier tribes
Result: Suppression of border incursions
Medals:
India General Service medal 1854
India Medal 1895-1902
Links:
Category: Category:North West Frontier Campaigns


From 1849 when the East India Company annexed the Punjab it became necessary to prevent incursion by the frontier Pakhtun tribes. Successive punitive expeditions subdued particular areas until further outrages occurred. Control of the region depended to a large extent on the Punjab Frontier Force recruited from local tribesmen commanded by British officers.

North West Frontier Expeditions

For a list of campaigns in order see

Medals

British Library holdings

India Office Records, which may be located by using the British Library Search include:

  • Collection 391 North West Frontier Operations 1897 IOR/L/MIL/7/15855-15939 1897-1923
  • Collection 403 Frontier and Overseas Expeditions IOR/L/MIL/7/16820-16978 1901-1944
  • War Diary [Collection], Army Headquarters India, Frontier Operations. GSI, 1914-20. 56 vols. IOR/L/MIL/17/5/4066-4121. Printed volumes from the Military Library.
  • Political and Secret Department Library IOR/L/PS/20 1757-1952. A very large and varied collection of confidential prints, official publications and commercially published works, analogous to the Military Library (see under L/MIL/17), it largely consists of military reports, gazetteers, summaries of correspondence, handbooks etc. dealing with the Indian States, the frontier regions and neighbouring countries. There is a separate index. Includes

Imperial War Museums holdings

The Imperial War Museums are a source of information about operations in Waziristan. Search the catalogue.

Catalogue entry for the publication Bibliography of sources in the Departments of Documents, Photographs, Printed Books and Sound Records at the Imperial War Museum on military operations in Waziristan on the North West Frontier of India 1917-1937, published c 1979.

Also see

Recommended Reading

  • John Archibald Hislop was an officer in the Indian Army, 2nd Battalion 9th Jat Regiment from 1933. He had a series of postings on the North West Frontier. Subsequently he was GS02 Waziristan District until c.August 1943. His memoirs A Soldier’s Story-From the Khyber Pass to the Jungles of Burma: The Memoir of a British Officer in the Indian Army 1933-1947 were published by his daughter in 2010 and reviewed in FIBIS Journal 26.

External Links

Maps

Histories

Photographs

Historical books online

Update: The Digital Library of India website is not currently operating. Use Archive.org mirror version links where available.

1910 edition Archive.org
'The Defence of India' by F. A. McKenzie, from The Great War edited by H.W. Wilson, volume 7, chapter 128. greatwardifferent.com, now an archived website. Scroll down to the section about the North West Frontier including Shabkadar.
Turmoil and Tragedy in India, 1914 and After by Lieut.-General Sir George MacMunn 1935 is available to read online on the Digital Library of India website, in TIFF format. It is catalogued as Turmoil The Tragedy In India 1914. It is also available as a pdf to download from DLI, Archive.org version.
Routes
  • Routes on the North-West Frontier compiled (for political and military reference) under the orders of the Quarter Master General in India, in the Intelligence Branch, in 1887 ; brought up to date in October 1892 by W.R. Robertson. Confidential.Volume I, Volume 2 Pdf downloads, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
  • 1890 Military Routes to the Indo-Afghan Frontier by Lessar (secret)] Notes: At head of title: Secret. "From Russian official "records" of geographical, topographical and statistical materials on Asia. Collected by the Military Scientific Committee of the Headquarters Staff, 1890. Translated for the Intelligence Division of the War Office". HMSO. Author: P. M. Lessar, (Pavel Mikhailovich) Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
  • 1893 Routes from Russian Territory toward Afghanistan and India - the Pamir line of Advance by Robertson (confidential). Full title: Routes from Russian Territory in Central Asia towards Afghanistan and India. Section 1, The Pamir line of advance compiled in the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General's Department in India by W.R. Robertson. 1893. Contents: pt. 1. Short military report on the Ferghana province, Kashgar, the Pamirs and Upper Oxus Afghan provinces ... - pt. 2. Includes all routes leading from the Chimkend Kuldja postal road to the Hindu Kush between the Dorah and the Karakorum Passes. Pdf download, Pahar- Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
  • Strategical Epitome of Routes on and beyond the North-West Frontier of India by General Staff India (confidential) 1912 Pdf download, Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset.
Fiction

References